插值有理Bézier渐近四边形的有理Bézier曲面

为构造封闭的曲线为有理Bézier曲面的边界渐近线,给出封闭四边曲线为渐近四边形的条件,并提出插值该四边形的曲面构造方法.首先在给定角点数据的前提下构造优化的n次有理Bézier渐近四边形;然后利用该四边形和曲面在四边形上的切矢确定曲面沿边界的两排控制顶点和权;最后极小化曲面薄板能量函数确定剩余自由的控制顶点,进而构造出光滑的双5n–7次有理Bézier插值曲面.实例展示边界曲线为有理3,4,5次时曲面的构造结果,以及边界曲线含有直线或者拐点的情况,表明该方法是可行的.     

基于细分的图像插值算法

将基于法向的曲线细分技术应用到图像插值中,提出一种基于细分的图像插值算法．该算法无须建立中间连续图像模型,能自适应地插值,而且插值系数可为任意正实数．应用该算法插值后的边界清晰、自然,忠实地反映了原始图像的面貌．与传统的插值算法相比,其边界处理效果好,具有线性复杂度且易于实现．     

空间曲线的拟插值重建

在一元Multiquadric拟插值算子的基础上,将一元基函数扩展到多元,并重新定义了空间点之间的距离,提出了一种新的多元拟插值算子,并分析了其任意阶多项式再生性及逼近性.数值实验表明,新的多元拟插值算子可直接使用空间点集的坐标实现曲线的高精度拟插值重建.     

具有边界约束的多重形状变形方法

推广了基于内在形状插值的多边形渐变算法,提出了具有边界约束的多重形状变形方法.基于内在形状插值是公认的对2D形状插值具有良好效果,但是该算法仅适合于闭多边形的插值,不适合曲线形状的插值.通过在约束方程中引进边界控制条件得到适合一般曲线形状的插值算法,并利用具有指定边界约束的变换和形状插值器的构造,使该算法适合具有任意指定边界的多重2D曲线形状的混合变形.实验表明该算的视觉效果良好,可直接用于角色动画设计系统.     

基于内在插值的多重形状渐变方法

推广了基于内在形状插值的多边形渐变算法,提出了具有边界约束的多重形状变形方法.通过在约束方程中引进边界控制条件得到适合一般曲线形状的插值算法,并利用具有指定边界约束的变换和形状插值器的构造,使该算法适合具有任意指定边界的多重曲线形状的混合变形,并给出了3D曲线形状边界约束的最优方程.通过2D形状渐变实验表明该算法的视觉效果良好.     

含权地理边界预剪裁Barnes插值

提出一种含权地理边界预剪裁Barnes插值方案,实现地面气象观测数据对格点场的插值。使用数值微分法和种子填充法得出地理边界剪裁矩阵,与Barnes插值权值矩阵按位点积,形成含权地理边界预剪裁常量矩阵,用于日后的格点插值分析。该方案不仅可以改善图形分析品质,而且去除了地理信息系统出图过程中的图形剪裁步骤,明显缩短了图形分析产品所花费的时间,并在业务应用中得到验证。     

一种基于切向细分的图像插值算法

提出了一种基于切向细分方法的图像插值算法.使用该算法进行图像插值时无需建立中间连续模型,而且插值系数可为任意正实数.实验结果显示,该算法克服了经典插值后图像的边缘锯齿和模糊效应,应用该法插值所得图像不仅使修正优化后的图像边界清晰,而且拥有更高的信噪比.     

一种改进的角点探测方法

提出了一种改进的角点提取算法。该算法是基于角点的性质,即在角点的某个邻域内,图像灰度变化在任意一条通过该点的直线上都很大。本文利用此性质对象素点直线方向上灰度变化值求取极值,建立角点候选点。再通过SUSAN特征检测原则进一步剔除虚假角点。测试表明改进后的算法具有运算量小,定位精度高,抗噪能力强的特点,易于实时实现。     

基于边界采样技术的插值Loop细分方法

本文在分析了传统几何造型的弊端及开曲面造型中光滑边界曲线的插值要求后,针对细分曲面造型方法中较常用的Loop细分,提出了基于边界采样技术的插值细分曲面造型方法。该方法一方面利用了细分曲面造型的优点,如算法简单、可表达任意拓扑结构等;另一方面又满足了工程应用中插值边界曲线的要求。文中详细讨论该算法的步骤,并通过示例验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

3维碎片拼合的算法研究

为实现艺术珍品保护或古器物修复中3维碎片的比对和拼接,提出了一种空间任意形状的3维碎片拼合算法。该算法首先对由实物测量数据建立的三角网格模型进行预处理,即去除模型中所存在的一些缺陷,以提取模型边界轮廓曲线;然后对碎片的边界轮廓离散点进行五次B样条插值,同时计算轮廓曲线上各个点的曲率、挠率和法矢,并据此分析3维碎片轮廓曲线的几何特性;接着根据轮廓曲线上各个点的总曲率来检测轮廓的特征点,并对轮廓进行分段;最后根据曲率、挠率的变化对不同轮廓上的特征段进行相似性度量,并运用法矢对相似性程度较高的轮廓段进行可匹配性验证,同时计算出可匹配轮廓段的坐标转换关系,以实现碎片的拼合。实例表明,该算法是高效、稳定的。     

Effects of visual fidelity on curve negotiation,gaze behaviour and simulator discomfort

Technological developments have led to increased visual fidelity of driving simulators. However, simplified visuals have potential advantages, such as improved experimental control, reduced simulator discomfort and increased generalisability of results. In this driving simulator study, we evaluated the effects of visual fidelity on driving performance, gaze behaviour and subjective discomfort ratings. Twenty-four participants drove a track with 90° corners in (1) a high fidelity, textured environment, (2) a medium fidelity, non-textured environment without scenery objects and (3) a low-fidelity monochrome environment that only showed lane markers. The high fidelity level resulted in higher steering activity on straight road segments, higher driving speeds and higher gaze variance than the lower fidelity levels. No differences were found between the two lower fidelity levels. In conclusion, textures and objects were found to affect steering activity and driving performance; however, gaze behaviour during curve negotiation and self-reported simulator discomfort were unaffected.

Practitioner Summary: In a driving simulator study, three levels of visual fidelity were evaluated. The results indicate that the highest fidelity level, characterised by a textured environment, resulted in higher steering activity, higher driving speeds and higher variance of horizontal gaze than the two lower fidelity levels without textures.     

Joint Contours,Corner and T-Junction Detection: An Approach Inspired by the Mammal Visual System

We introduce a new algorithm that allows the detection of line segments, contours, corners and T-junctions. The proposed model is inspired by the mammal visual system. The detection of corners and T-junctions plays a role as part of the process in contour detection. This method unifies tasks that have been traditionally worked apart. An a-contrario validation is applied to select the most meaningful contours without the need of fixing any critical parameter.     

一种基于树结构的立体图像特征提取算法

针对立体图像匹配中的特征检测问题，提出了一种基于树结构的立体图像中边缘点、直线段、交点和凸多边形区域等特征的检测方案。该方法首先基于改进的Canny算子实现立体图像边缘的检测；基于立体图像的边缘梯度信息，文中提出一种分层并行式迭代式链码跟踪方法实现图像中直线段的检测：为提高检测速度并有利于凸多边形区域特征的检测，基于凸多边形区域的几何定义，通过提取直线段交点并采用树结构实现对已检测的相关直线段信息的遍历处理，最终得到树结构表示的凸多边形区域特征。实验证明，所提方法在结构化环境具有很好的检测精度和实时性。     

Space corner smoothing of CNC machine tools through developing 3D general clothoid

Tool paths defined by G01/G02/G03 commands need to be smoothed to eliminate the discontinuities of velocity, acceleration and jerk at the junction points. Because of inherent problems of curve fillets, traditional corner smoothing strategies are limited to the smoothing of corners in plane. This article presents a method to smooth the space corners through blending the position, tangent, curvature and sharpness of the adjacent trajectory segments based on 3D general clothoid splines, which are analytically developed by proposing 3D clothoid with G³ continuity. The 3D general clothoid realizes extending the traditional clothoid from 2-dimension to 3-dimension, and reserves some good properties of the traditional clothoid, i.e. the curve length parameterization and the analytically expressed curvature. It can also achieve higher degree of continuity compared to the traditional 2D clothoid. Based on the proposed 3D general clothoid, a corner smoothing algorithm, which is suitable for the smoothing of any planar or space line-line, line-arc or arc-arc pairs with G³ continuity, is proposed. At the same time, a smoothing-error-constraining-algorithm is developed to constrain the smoothing error within the tolerance. Simulation and experimental results, which are obtained from the smoothing of trajectories containing space corners, trajectories containing planar corners with G02/G03 commands, and trajectories containing planar corners with only G01 commands, demonstrate that the proposed corner smoothing algorithm can effectively increase the machining quality and efficiency.     

加强局部简便计算的点在多边形内的高效判定

点在多边形内的检测是计算几何中的一个基本问题,有着广泛的应用需求。已提 出许多方法减少要测试的多边形的边以加速。其中,均匀网格法具有很好的作用,因为各网格 中的边很少,而测试点可迅即定位于一个网格。我们曾提出一种均匀网格法,预计算各网格中 心点位于多边形内/外的属性,然后将测试点与所在网格的中心点连线,检测该连线与多边形的 边的相交情况即可。其预处理和检测的复杂度分别为 O(N)和 O( N ),N 为多边形的边数。本 文在此基础上进一步改进,预计算网格交点位于多边形内/外的属性,然后将测试点与其邻近网 格交点的连线,转换为与坐标轴平行的两条相连直线段,以提高与多边形边求交计算的便捷性。 实验结果表明,可将检测速度提高 2 倍多。     

基于改进Harris算法的汉字图像角点检测

根据汉字图像的特点,借鉴加速分割检测特征算法的思想,提出一种改进的Harris算法对汉字图像进行角点检测。首先,计算像素值初步判断出非角点并排除;然后,通过计算传统Harris算法中的角点响应函数对剩余的像素进行角点检测;最后,借鉴加速分割检测特征算法的思想对伪角点进行删除。最终检测出的角点是汉字笔画的起点和末端的角点,为下一步特征提取中确定线段的位置和计算线段的长度提供有利的技术基础。通过对一定数量的汉字图像的实验仿真,将本文方法与几种常用的角点检测方法进行比较,本文方法在检测正确率方面有所提高,但在运行时间上没有达到最短,综合考虑正确率和运行时间,本文方法较其他几种方法有所提高。      

形态学尺度空间城市建筑物自动分类算法

建筑物类型的确定可为3维重建、图像检索等提供重要依据,而实现其自动判断往往是困难的。通过分析城市建筑物中两大基本类型建筑物的角点特点,利用大尺度形态筛获得初步轮廓区域;通过改进Hough变换和提出的线段、角点优化算法,对各类型角点进行分类统计,实现数码相机拍摄的平顶和非平顶建筑物的自动分类。通过对几十幅采集的建筑物图像进行实验证明,提出的线段优化算法可以有效消除错误轮廓线的影响,进而实现建筑物类型判断,准确率可以达到80%。     

复杂背景下模板自动检测与定位的新方法

在应用视觉测量系统时,摄像机标定是必要且关键的一步。当采用标定模板标定时,首要任务是对模板进行检测和定位。目前大量的模板检测定位采用的都是人工方法,它的显著缺点是效率低。为此,提出了一种复杂背景下新的模板自动检测与定位方法。该方法包括模板检测和精确定位两个步骤。前者利用图像分割、Hough变换实现模板检测;后者利用SUSAN算法对模板上的4个关键角点进行精确定位。实验结果表明,该方法实现简单、性能可靠,可适用于各种复杂的场景中。     

A corner-looping based tool path for pocket milling

In milling around corners, cutting resistance rises momentarily due to an increase of cutter contact length. NC tool path generation in dealing with sharp corners thus requires special consideration. This paper describes an improved NC tool path pattern for pocket milling. The basic pattern of the improved tool path is a conventional contour-parallel tool path. Bow-like tool path segments are appended to the basic tool path at the corner positions. When reaching a corner, the cutter loops around the appended tool path segments so that corner material is removed progressively in several passes. By using the corner-looping based tool path, cutter contact length can be controlled by adjusting the number of appended tool path loops. The procedures of creating the improved tool path for different corner shapes are explained. The proposed tool path generation was implemented as an add-on user function in a CAD/CAM system. Cutting tests were conducted to demonstrate and verify the significance of the proposed method.     

safe_air Algorithms to simulate the transport of pollutant elements: a model validation exercise and sensitivity analysis

The safe_air model numerically simulates transport and diffusion of airborne pollutants at local and regional scales using Gaussian plume segments and/or puffs. This model is able to deal with both non-stationary and inhomogeneous conditions. safe_air Is composed of a meteorological pre-processor, the WINDS model, to build a three-dimensional (3D) wind field starting from available wind measurements, and by a pollutant dispersion simulator, the P6 model. This paper deals with two different algorithms included in P6, which allow the determination of the advection of plume elements using the 3D wind field reconstructed by WINDS. A validation exercise concerning the two cited algorithms has been performed using laboratory data from the Environmental Protection Agency wind tunnel RUSHIL experiments (flat terrain and a two-dimensional schematic hill, neutral atmospheric conditions). This paper also contains a sensitivity analysis concerning the same algorithms when the model is applied to a hypothetical emission above a very complex real orography (Regione Liguria, Italy).