一种新型轴/径向伸缩式轮胎成形鼓机构自由度分析

针对一种用于子午线轮胎成形的新型轴/径向伸缩成形鼓机构,应用叠加原理,将成形鼓机构以自由度相等的基本驱动单元进行拆分。通过进一步对驱动单元进行结构分解,得到平面六杆机构及三杆四副支链等基本运动链。运用螺旋理论,对各简单平面机构及支链进行局部自由度、虚约束及公共约束的判定,分别计算其自由度;并依据广义运动副替代原则,得到多个子链组合而成的复杂多环路机构的自由度。通过对成形鼓机构的结构分解,得到了机构自由度数并对其性质进行了判定。     

对称单自由度螺旋运动并联机构型综合

针对馈能减振器对运动转换机构的功能需求,提出基于并联机构的设计方案。采用约束螺旋理论提出一种结构对称单自由度螺旋运动(1H)并联机构型综合方法。运用螺旋理论,给出将力螺旋分解为空间多个力线矢的方法。在此基础上,将1H并联机构动平台约束螺旋系中的约束力螺旋,分解成与机构分支数相等的线性无关力线矢,用分解得到的力线矢替代该约束力螺旋,与动平台约束螺旋系中其它约束力和约束力偶形成新的机构约束螺旋系。通过反螺旋理论和空间几何理论确定分支约束螺旋系,进而求得分支运动螺旋系。通过线性组合和等效代换综合出全部合适的分支运动链,将结构相同的分支运动链沿动平台和定平台对称布置,得到一系列满足要求的1H并联机构。最后以3-UU机构为例,对综合得到机构进行自由度分析,分析结果验证了构型综合方法的正确性。     

新型3自由度并联机构的设计与分析

基于机构的概念,将一种正方体折纸盒折痕等效为铰链,连接折痕的纸板等效为连杆,抽象出新型3自由度并联机构.该新型并联机构由定平台、动平台和4个连接支链组成,各支链结构完全相同,且都含有1个具有特殊结构的六杆球面变胞机构闭环子链.介绍此新型并联机构结构设计,其特点是结构完全对称,只含有单自由度转动运动副.详细描述各支链中闭环子链的结构特点、一般构态及其自由度数.应用螺旋理论,分析运动支链中闭环子链的自由度特性.根据广义运动副的概念,用广义运动副替代各支链中的六杆球面变胞机构,并分析各运动支链末端约束.依据该并联机构的结构对称性,分析其动平台的自由度数和相应的自由度特性,得到动平台相对于定平台具有2个转动和1个移动自由度,并具有连续转轴.     

《机械工程学报》英文版2003年第16卷第2期目次、摘要预告

给出了一种对颜氏创新理论生成的大量机构进行运动分析的简单、高效的计算机化方法。对于由运动链再生得到的机构,首先确定其结构组成和类型,通过刚化主动件和机架,使其转化为自由度为零的桁架,随后桁架被自动分解为一系列的基本运动链(BKCs)。类比BKC     

基于约束函数的空间机构邻接矩阵描述与分析

针对目前空间机构结构描述和分析方法存在的不足,提出了基于约束函数和邻接矩阵的新方法。根据空间机构运动副的约束特征,定义了向量形式的空间机构运动副特征参数——约束函数及以约束函数为元素的空间机构特征参数矩阵——运动链邻接矩阵;分析了约束函数的性质;运用运动副约束函数和运动链邻接矩阵对空间机构的拓扑结构进行了描述和分析。结果表明,运动副约束函数适用于包括变拓扑结构的各类运动副,能综合描述运动副类型、级别、自由度、方位、性质等信息及其变化的情况;运动链邻接矩阵适用于各类机构的非瞬时描述与分析,能广泛描述运动链的构件数、运动副数目、类型、级别、方位、性质、机构类别、自由度、空间布局等诸多信息;示例证明了约束函数和邻接矩阵描述分析空间机构的直观性、有效性和简便性。基于约束函数和邻接矩阵的解决方案为空间机构的描述和分析提供了一种新的途径和方法。     

4自由度非全对称并联机构的完整雅可比矩阵

少自由度并联机构完整雅可比矩阵为6x6矩阵,包括运动子矩阵和约束子矩阵两部分,由于前者的代数特征不能反映出机构的约束特性,在对此类机构进行运动学分析和几何参数优化设计时,必须建立完整的6x6雅可比矩阵.鉴于此,基于对偶螺旋理论,以4自由度机构2RPS-2UPS为例,给出非全对称少自由度并联机构完整雅可比矩阵的推导方法.首先,根据螺旋理论推导约束支链中的运动螺旋系和反螺旋系,并利用互易积获得约束子矩阵.其次,锁定每个支链中的主动关节,根据螺旋理论计算约束支链和全运动支链中新增反螺旋系,并利用互易积建立运动子矩阵.将约束子矩阵和运动子矩阵联立建立机构完整雅可比矩阵.最后,分析雅可比矩阵的秩,得到2RPS-2UPS并联机构产生奇异位形的条件.     

基于单环运动链的多模式移动机构型综合

针对移动机构多运动模式的功能需求,提出基于单环运动链的设计方案。首先,根据单环自由度公式,确定满足闭环且能活动的条件,并分析得到单环运动链的约束螺旋系阶数、杆件数目、运动副数目、自由度之间的组合关系;其次,以螺旋理论为基础,运用虚功原理得到满足不同约束螺旋系阶数下的各种运动副轴线存在的几何条件,以R副、P副为设计单元,群举出所有可能的不同自由度下的单环运动链组合方式,再以所构造的单环运动链作为本体或分支,从而构造出一类多模式移动机构;最后,给出多模式移动机构的构型综合的步骤及部分设计案例,验证了提出的设计理论和设计方法的可行性和实用性。     

一种复杂平面机构自由度与可动性分析方法及应用

采用螺旋理论分析机构支链对动平台的约束,找出平面机构中的虚约束和局部自由度,修正了自由度的计算公式;通过分析机构支链的约束虚功率研究平面机构的可动性,用以判断机构能否连续运动。以一种平面瞬时运动机构为例,验证了该方法的有效性;最后以某型车载雷达举升机构为应用对象,研究结果表明,该方法适用于含有虚约束的复杂平面机构的自由度与可动性分析。     

基于位移子群分析的3自由度移动并联机构型综合

应用李群和李代数理论对3自由度并联移动机构型综合进行了系统的分析,给出了表示位移子群T和X(w)的李子代数的运动螺旋系,然后对运动螺旋系中的旋量进行线性组合,得到了可以生成位移子群X(w)的几种分支运动链,再根据多个位移子群X(w)的交集为位移子群T的几何条件,最后综合出数种3自由度移动并联机构,从李群和李代数理论验证了以前以结构约束法得到的型综合结果。     

新型三平移并联机构及其奇异位形分析

根据并联机器人机构结构综合理论,以单开链支路为单元,提出了一种能实现空间三维移动的3-PRRR并联机构.对该并联机构的自由度、虚约束和耦合度等结构性能参数进行了计算,分析了该机构的运动特性和运动学正反解,得到了该机构的奇异位形.该机构在结构上具有较好的对称性和解耦性.     

Calibration of parallel kinematic machine tools using mobility constraint on the tool center point

In the application of parallel kinematic machine tools (PKM), because of errors in the geometric parameters, it is necessary to calibrate the PKM to improve the positioning accuracy. In existing self-calibration methods, either some redundant sensors on passive joints or some mobility constraints on the kinematic chains are used. However, the mobility constraints imposed on kinematic chains might apply large forces during the test on legs and passive joints. Also, these kinds of calibrating are applicable only on PKMs in which their actuated joints can be used as passive joints. To overcome weaknesses of existing methods, a novel approach to calibration based on imposing position constraints on the tool center point (TCP) is introduced. In this method, only the data of encoders installed on the actuated joints in some sets of configurations are required. In each set, the position of the TCP is fixed, but orientations of the tool are different. Simulations and experimental studies on a Hexaglide PKM built in Sharif University of Technology reveal the convenience and effectiveness of the proposed robot calibration method.     

具有大位置空间的3自由度并联机构运动性能分析

提出一种具有较大位置空间的3自由度并联机构,该机构为Tricept机构的变异型,结构特点是将Tricept机构中的被动支链与三条主动支链之一相集成,且主动关节的三条轴线彼此垂直并汇交于一点。对机构的位置空间、运动灵活度及刚度特性进行分析,给出表征尺度参数改变与机构运动性能变化关系的图形描述。分析表明,对于不同的尺度参数组合以及较小的胡克铰、球铰的极限转角,机构动平台均可获得较大的位置空间;位置空间的中部区间占整个位置空间体积值较大,且在该区间内动平台具有较好的运动灵活度及刚度特性。给出的图形描述较全面地表征尺度参数与机构运动性能之间的关系,可用于机构性能的进一步分析与运动学设计。     

INVERSE KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A 3—DOF PARALLEL MECHANISM

According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TP parallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established, based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented. Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and moment equilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on the parted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forces are derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.     

Development of parallel-structure mechanisms with four degrees of freedom and four kinematic chains

Parallel-structure mechanisms with four degrees of freedom and four kinematic chains are discussed. The synthesis of these manipulators were performed using a device of closed screw groups. This approach allows avoiding complex equations of synthesis and analysis of singularities. Kinematic chains may impose equal constraints or different constraints, and each may contain a drive. The main result of this article is the synthesis of a new parallel-structure mechanism and a screw analysis of constraints imposed by the kinematic chains.     

平面运动链类型综合的基杆构形树法

在对平面机构闭式运动链结构组成进行研究后,提出运动链类型综合的基杆构形树法。首先,针对给定的构件数与自由度,基于缩杆邻接矩阵综合出运动链连杆序列、缩杆序列、构件度序列以及基杆联结度序列等恒量序列。然后,归纳出基于缩杆邻接矩阵对运动链进行类型综合的方法与步骤,定义了基杆构形树,并用基杆构形树综合出运动链的基杆构形矩阵,进一步研究了综合运动链联结矩阵的缩杆匹配方法。由于基杆构形树法在综合过程中按杆的级别、运动副数目以及联结关系等结构不变量将运动链进行了分类细化,因此综合规律性强、效率高,有利于减少后续刚性子链消除与运动链同构识别的计算量,尤其适合于多杆多自由度平面机构闭式运动链的计算机自动综合,并在12杆以下平面机构闭式运动链的类型综合中得到成功的应用。同时,以10杆单自由度机构运动链的类型综合为例进行了实例分析。     

Kinematics Analysis of Mechanisms Based on Virtual Assembly

Currently,virtual assembly technology has attracted increasing attention due to considerations of solving assembly problems in virtual environment before actual assembly in manufactory.Previous studies on kinematic analysis of mechanism only aim at analyzing motion law of single mechanism,but can not simulate the multi-mechanisms motion process at the same time,let alone simulating the automatic assembly process of products in a whole assembly workshop.In order to simulate the assembly process of products in an assembly workshop and provide effective data for analyzing mechanical performance after finishing assembly simulation in virtual environment,this study investigates the kinematics analysis of mechanisms based on virtual assembly.Firstly,in view of the same function of the kinematic pairs and the assembly constraints on restricting the motion of components(subassembly or part),the method of identifying kinematic pairs automatically based on assembly constraints is presented.The information of kinematic pairs can be obtained through calculating the constraint degree of the assembly constraints.Secondly,the incidence matrix eliminating element method is proposed in order to search the information and establish the models of mechanisms automatically after finishing assembly simulation in virtual environment.Both methods have important significance for reducing the workload of pretreatment and promoting the level of automation of kinematics analysis.Finally,the method of kinematics analysis of mechanisms is presented.Based on Descartes coordinates,three types of kinematics equations are formed.The parameters,like displacement,velocity,and acceleration,can be obtained by solving these equations.All these data are important to analyze mechanical performance.All the methods are implemented and validated in the prototype system virtual assembly process planning(VAPP).The mechanism models are established and simulated in the VAPP system,and the result curves are shown accurately.The proposed kinematics analysis of mechanisms based on virtual assembly provides an effective method for simulating product assembly process automatically and analyzing mechanical performance after finishing assembly simulation.     

MOBILITY EVALUATION AND INNOVATION OF WHEELED SPACE ROVER

The mission and function requirements of lunar rover are analyzed, based on virtual prototype technology, the mobility evaluation theory and method for wheeled space rover are proposed, which provide a new way to study the innovative design of lunar rover. Based on the above theoretical system, an innovative lunar rover suspension system, which adopts a two-crank-slider mechanism, is proposed, and its dynamics model is created. Adopting virtual prototype technology, the ground adaptability, over-obstacle ability and driving placidity of the rover are evaluated in the virtual prototype software ADAMS. The analysis results show that the rover provides a high degree of mobility.     

Beweglichkeitsuntersuchungen im Zusammenhang mit genauigkeitsforderungen in ebenen mechanismenThe interdependence between the mobility and the requirements of accuracy in mechanisms

The main objective of this work is to find the relation between mobility and the requirements of the accuracy in mechanisms.

At the beginning of this work the possibility of obtaining the mechanisms of mobility corresponding to the number of active parts in the system with the passive constraints was shown. It was achieved by changing the class of some kinematic pairs in the mechanism. For mechanisms where this procedure is not possible for the exhaustive analysis the so-called substitute pair was introduced. Such an analysis gives the possibility of specifying the active constraints existing in the mechanism. To replace the active constraints, the proper design conditions must be retained. These conditions are connected with the preservation of specified requirements regarding the accuracy of realization of the component elements of the mechanisms, and the mobility. The way to find this relationship was shown in an example.     

新型三转动并联机构的位置分析及其运动仿真

根据并联机器人机构结构综合理论,设计构造一种能实现空间三维转动的三自由度并联机构,该机构由三条PSS支链组成,在结构上具有良好的对称性。通过对三个距离约束方程构造D ixon结式导出了位置正解输入输出方程,得出8组位置正解。借助Pro/E软件,对虚拟并联机构平台进行运动仿真,得到了位姿变化曲线,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

升降式移乘洗浴装置的机构设计及运动仿真

为解决残障者洗浴困难,运用人机工程学理论,设计一种洗浴装置,能实现室内移动,具备垂直升降功能,并能辅助使用者抬背、曲腿。分析了洗浴装置的机械结构组成及主要功能,采用矢量方程解析法对抬背、曲腿进行机构设计。运用Pro/E技术对洗浴装置进行三维建模,并进行运动学仿真分析。设计的样机可辅助残障者入浴、出浴及洗浴时的位姿变换。虚拟样机技术的运用缩短了洗浴装置的开发周期,并验证了洗浴装置设计的合理性和可行性。