A PWM Inverter Algorithm for Adjustable Speed AC Drives Using a Nonconstant Voltage Source

In small dc systems that might incorporate photovoltaic sources, load management can be handled conveniently by microcomputer. AC loads of adjustable frequency can take advantage of the microcomputer especially if the input voltage is variable. It was for this application that a simple PWM algorithm was developed. It proved to have good characteristics with respect to harmonic suppression and both software and hardware implementation.     

电压暂降下整流装置特性仿真研究

随着电力工业的发展及负荷结构的变化,电能质量问题日益突出,特别是电压暂降,给电网及敏感负荷的正常运行带来了诸多问题,也引起了广泛的关注.本文针对工业生产中广泛应用的整流装置,通过仿真分析研究了其在不同电压暂降类型(单相和三相),负载条件(阻性和感性)和整流控制方式(α角控制和PWM控制)下的动态特性,分析了其暂降敏感度及原因,并通过对比提出了应对电压暂降问题的策略.     

高压变频驱动系统脉冲封锁保护策略

基于异步电动机三相输入开路及三相输入短路的电磁暂态过程,结合大容量异步电动机的特点,数学上计算了定子短路反馈电流。通过Park变换,计算出因电机能量回馈而引起的功率单元最大电压泵升值;根据计算所得定子短路反馈电流和电机能量回馈引起的功率单元电压泵升,分别指出了级联式多电平高压变频驱动系统短路和断路两种脉冲封锁方式下实现严重故障保护的利弊,提出在实现断路脉冲封锁保护方式的同时切断变频驱动系统供电电源为系统保护的可行性方案,同时结合Matlab仿真和工业样机SIGA(systemingatearray)系统对两种脉冲封锁保护策略比较,验证了该保护方案的正确性。     

An Enhanced LVRT Scheme for DFIG-based WECSs under Both Balanced and Unbalanced Grid Voltage Sags

Due to the latest grid codes, wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are required to remain connected to grid under grid voltage sags and supply reactive power into the grid. So, this paper proposes an enhanced scheme to improve low-voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WECSs under both balanced and unbalanced grid voltage sags. The proposed scheme is composed of active and passive LVRT compensators. The active compensator is performed by controlling the rotor- and grid-side converters of the DFIG to decrease the stator flux oscillations and inject reactive power into the grid. The passive compensator is based on a three-phase stator damping resistor (SDR) located in series with the stator windings. The proposed scheme decreases the negative effects of grid voltage sags in the DFIG system including the rotor over-currents, electromagnetic torque oscillations, and DC-link over-voltage and also injects reactive power into grid to support the grid voltage. So, the LVRT capability of DFIG is enhanced and new grid code requirements are addressed. Simulation results on a 1.5-MW DFIG-based WECS using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LVRT scheme under both balanced and unbalanced grid voltage sags.     

Analysis of the AC Voltage Distortion produced by Converter-Fed DC Drives

An iterative algorithm is presented for the analysis of the harmonic interaction between converter-fed dc drives and a relatively weak ac distribution system. The individual effect of each of the main parameters influencing the level of voltage distortion is assessed, with reference to a typical large dc drive. Special attention is given to the analysis of the current waveform during commutations, without the restrictions normally used in such analysis, i.e., constant dc current and undistorted ac supply voltages.     

一种抗过渡电阻的新型自适应距离保护方案

针对过渡电阻对距离保护的影响,提出了一种新型自适应距离保护方案。根据单电源和双电源系统中电压与电流的几何分布特性,建立保护安装处与故障点间的电压降落方程,并据此求解自适应整定系数。在此基础上,借助故障电流和测量电流间的相位关系,确定故障点位置,最终构建新型自适应距离保护判据。基于实时数字仿真(RTDS)平台的仿真结果表明,该方法可在线自适应修正保护定值,并具备较强的抗过渡电阻能力,构成简单,易于实现。     

基于遗传算法的动态电压恢复器不对称暂降补偿方法

电压暂降作为一种电能质量问题,由于不对称故障的存在,使处理不对称电压暂降变得复杂。电压暂降除了幅值减小外,还往往伴随着相角跳变,这样更增加了补偿难度。电压暂降发生幅值不对称和相角不对称,都对电子变流设备有着严重的影响,因此需要将负荷电压的幅值恢复到容忍范围,同时保持三相电网电压对称。由于动态电压恢复器(DVR)受最大注入电压限制,需要建立一种方法使DVR的各相注入电压得到有效控制。针对动态电压恢复器（DVR）补偿电压约束下,不对称故障电压补偿,采用遗传算法对其注入电压实施控制,并以算例说明该方法的有效性。     

低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感度三维模型

针对当前幅值—持续时间二维平面上的电压耐受曲线未能全面充分描述用电设备电压暂降敏感度的缺陷,基于大量试验数据提出了一种考虑暂降起始点相位的低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感度三维模型。首先,结合国家标准GB 14048.1—2006,分析了低压脱扣器的工作机理。其次,在国内外研究成果基础上,结合GB/T 17626.11—2008,讨论了暂降起始点相位对敏感设备的影响。然后,对6款主流的低压脱扣器进行暂降敏感度试验对比,结果表明:低压脱扣器电压暂降敏感度与暂降起始点相位及款式密切相关。最后,综合各款低压脱扣器试验结果,通过对试验结果进行极值化处理,利用曲面拟合原理,从暂降幅值、持续时间、起始点相位3个维度上,建立了通用于各款低压脱扣器的暂降敏感度模型。     

基于交直流保护协同配合的交直流碰线保护新方案

交直流混联电网迅速发展,交直流碰线故障成为其特有故障类型。以不同类型交直流碰线故障为研究对象,着眼于故障隔离至线路重合/重启全过程,揭示了现有交直流两系统相关保护出口动作逻辑存在的不足及风险,并进一步提出在交流侧设计并新增交直流碰线保护方案的新思路,通过构造一种可以反映直流系统等值阻抗相角特性的保护算法,实现交直流碰线故障识别。基于此,通过优化交流侧新增的交直流碰线保护和直流侧已配置的交直流碰线保护间的动作时序和逻辑配合关系,实现了交直流碰线故障下直流系统的自适应重启,避免了交流侧重合于永久性故障场景下直流线路首末端发生工频过电压的风险。在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中搭建交直流碰线故障的仿真模型并进行大量仿真实验,仿真结果验证了所提交直流碰线保护新方案的可行性。     

电压骤降的监测、分析与抑制

调查了泉州地区工业用户受电压骤降影响的程度及电压骤降对敏感设备的影响后果,对泉州惠安变110kVⅠ、Ⅱ母线进行了电压监测,并且模拟计算了地区系统发生单相故障时对用户供电电压的影响。通过计算与监测结果的比较,验证了计算结果的正确性。最后提出了减缓电压骤降的措施。     

DC-Bus Electrolytic Capacitor Stress in Adjustable-Speed Drives Under Input Voltage Unbalance and Sag Conditions

This paper analyzes the effects of the input voltage unbalance and sags on the dc-bus electrolytic capacitors in adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) in order to predict their impact on expected capacitor lifetime. The key phenomenon that causes these problems is the transition of the rectifier stage from three-phase to single-phase operation. Since the equivalent series resistance increases at low frequencies, the low-order harmonic current components (e.g., 120 and 240 Hz) contribute disproportionately to the capacitor power losses and temperature rise, resulting in reduced lifetime. Closed-form expressions are developed for predicting these effects including the impact of finite line impedance, finite bus capacitance, and varying load. The impact of inverter space-vector pulsewidth-modulation switching on the capacitor loss is also included. Simulations and experimental tests are used to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the closed-form analysis using a 5-hp ASD system     

Current-Source Converter for AC Motor Drives

The employment of current-source concepts in thyristor converters to obtain adjustable frequency and adjustable current waveforms is presented. The use of a dc filter choke and a current feedback loop to produce a regenerative current source is explained. The simplified inverter commutation circuit made possible by the current-source technique is also discussed. Finally, a brief review of the inherently rugged current-source converter's ability to provide wide range control of an ac induction motor is given.     

Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated Current-Source Inverters for AC Drives

In this paper a new ac variable speed motor system driven by the pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) current source inverter is introduced, which is specially fitted for the large capacity application. The performance of this system is investigated comparing the case of using other types of inverters. In the recommended system, choppers are provided on all arms to control the inverter output current amplitude using the on-off time ratio control.     

基于改进S变换的电压骤降自适应检测方法

由于传统S变换(S-Transform,ST)在检测电压骤降问题时存在时频分辨率不高,计算量大的问题,深入研究传统S变换(Modified S-Transform,MST),给出了一种基于改进S变换的电压骤降自适应检测方法,可以准确、快速地实现电压骤降参数的准确提取。首先给出MST中调节因子的取值依据,并用实验分析法给出调节因子的取值范围;而后依据调节因子的取值分布情况,提出分段的调节因子;最后基于调节因子取值函数,建立自适应检测方法。在MATLAB上对算法进行仿真,能够准确的检测出电压骤降参数,且抑制噪声和谐波影响的效果好。实际构建的硬件测试平台验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

半波长交流输电线路保护方案及装置研制

半波长线路输电距离远,故障特征与常规输电线路差异显著。针对半波长线路对保护带来的挑战,基于自由波能量保护、同步差动阻抗保护和假同步差动阻抗保护等半波长保护原理,设计了实用的半波长线路保护方案,确保近端故障单端量保护快速动作,远端故障双端量保护全线速动。针对半波长线路保护算法复杂、计算量大、采样率要求高、纵联通道延时长等难题,设计了基于中央处理器+双数字信号处理器(CPU+双DSP)的系统构架,提出了保护逻辑分处理器及分调度周期处理、假同步差动阻抗保护采样数据回退处理等关键技术,形成完整的半波长线路保护装置软硬件实现方案。经实时数字仿真(RTDS)试验和动模试验验证,所研制保护装置各项动作行为、性能指标均满足半波长输电线路安全运行要求。     

基于电流型Z源交流调压器的电机调速系统

提出了基于电流型Z源交流调压器的电机调速系统.这种新型的Z源交流调压器系统引入了独特的LC网络,减少了由于开关直通或开路造成的过电流和过电压.通过控制双向电力电子开关的占空比,这种系统可以提供升降压功能.因而,在电网电压跌落时,可以为电机提供渡越能力,减小网侧的电流谐波,提高功率因数和系统的可靠性.仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

Current Control for AC Motor Drives Using a Single DC-Link Current Sensor and Measurement Voltage Vectors

A new algorithm using a single dc-link current sensor to reconstruct all three inverter phase currents has been proposed that overcomes problems caused by the presence of regions in the voltage vector plane where the phase currents are not conveniently measurable. The measurement vector insertion method (MVIM) achieves this objective by applying additional active voltage vectors for brief intervals only when needed during each fundamental frequency cycle. This paper addresses techniques for incorporating the MVIM algorithm into a closed-loop current regulator designed to provide high-quality current control using a single dc-link current sensor. Virtual active resistance state feedback is introduced into the synchronous-frame current regulator in order to improve the controller's ability to reject disturbances caused by the MVIM measurement vectors. Experimental results are provided to confirm the attractive performance characteristics of the resulting current reconstruction and regulation using the MVIM algorithm     

基于UML的现代交流伺服驱动器开发

为了处理现代交流伺服驱动器的设计复杂度，提出了一种基于通用建模语言的伺服驱动系统开发方法。应用该方法，从多角度对伺服器系统建模，有效地设计了一套交流伺服驱动器，包括基于PC的人机接口软件、控制网络支持和多种伺服功能，展示了该方法所具有的明确性和一致性的特点。     

基于广域信息的防连锁过载跳闸保护

连锁过载跳闸是大停电事故的初期表现,防连锁过载跳闸是防止电网大面积停电的重要措施。文中提出了基于广域信息的防连锁过载跳闸保护原理。该原理以重要母线为单元,利用正常运行时存储在广域网调度中心的节点阻抗矩阵中的相关元素估算各支路的过载电流系数,以分析过载支路开断后有无引起连锁跳闸的可能,及时告知调度中心采取防连锁跳闸的措施,以防大面积停电。IEEE39节点系统的仿真验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于统计学的提高故障电压跌落在线监测判别准确率的方法

针对故障引起的跌落的补偿问题,利用有效值算法,采用统计学原理有效区分电压跌落的原因,即由系统故障、变压器饱和或电容器投切造成的。对于后两者引起的跌落属于系统中的正常现象,无须启动补偿设备,避免了不必要的设备损耗和资源浪费。