两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的上行链路容量分析

首先在两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的基础上,提出了2种使用带外信道提高传统CDMA蜂窝系统上行链路容量的中继方法;然后通过分析传统无中继CDMA蜂窝系统的干扰功率,分别得到这2种中继方法对当前小区和邻居小区总的干扰功率;最后在一种对称小区模型的基础上,通过数值计算对两跳中继CDMA蜂窝系统的上行链路容量进行分析,并讨论了2种中继方法对系统性能所产生的影响.     

基于智能天线阵接收的蜂窝CDMA网络性能分析

本文分析了在频率选择性信道中基于智能天线阵接民的蜂窝CDMA网络上行链路的性能,分析基于多个小区的异步蜂窝CDMA系统,系统采用BPSK调制,并采用智能天线阵接收的RAKE合并技术,通过分析最终得到了在该环境下的闭合的CDMA系统误码率公式,结果表明基于智能天线阵接收的蜂窝CDMA性能要比不采用的好得多,并给出了误码率与系统用户数,小区数和衰落模型之间的关系,结果对于分析蜂窝CDMA系统容量具有一定的指导意义。     

多媒体CDMA系统在功率约束条件下的业务容量分析

码分多址接入（CDMA）技术可以灵活地支持无线多媒体业务传输。该文分析了多小区环境下CDMA系统上行链路的多媒体业务容量，主要讨论了用户最大发射功率约束条件在不同用户激活因子情况下对系统容量的影响。分析和计算结果表明用户最大发射功率约束使系统的容量有所降低。     

平流层CDMA系统不同位置小区上行链路系统容量的研究及解决方案

分析了平流层CDMA系统位于平台下方不同位置的各小区的上行链路系统容量分布情况,仿真证明小区离平台越远,所受系统间干扰越大,系统容量越低;提出了一种平衡系统容量的方案,即在远离平台,系统容量需求大的小区采用地面基站和平流层基站协同工作的方式来降低平台基站所受的小区内干扰,从而减轻系统间干扰,增加对系统容量的影响,仿真结...     

CDMA系统设计中的无线容量分析

随着移动通信技术的迅速发展以及各种无线数据业务的日益增加,原有的基于传统频率复用方式的蜂窝系统已逐渐不能满足要求,因此CDMA蜂窝系统应运而生。这种系统一个显著的特点就是频率复用系数为1,这个特点使得CDMA系统容量显著提高,同时也带来了频率规划上的便利。1小区分扇区分扇区可以提高CDMA系统的无线容量。在基站天线性能理想的前提下,与全向天线相比,一个120°天线的3扇区CDMA小区容量可以增加到3倍,而一个60°天线的6扇区CDMA小区容量可以增加到6倍。而在实际中,天线有严重的功率溢出问题,虽然通过小区分扇区并不能获得上述…     

WCDMA上行链路中的一种有效的RAKE接收方案

在WCDMA系统上行链路中，提出把智能天线与RAKE接收机相结合，利用上行链路的帧结构特征，将各时隙的导频符号的扩频序列作为阵列处理部分的LMS自适应算法更新阵元权矢量的参考信号，来解决CDMA系统反向信道的容量受限问题。仿真实验结果表明该方法能显著提高系统的容量，且简单易行。     

支持高数据速率业务的CDMA系统前向链路容量估计

分析了基于最佳功控的CDMA前向链路容量，提出了一种在扇区化小区中分配高数据速率用户的协调分配方案。为分配高数据速率业务时提供了借鉴。     

WCDMA与cdma2000无线接入标准性能比较

文章主要从上行无线链路预算、移动台发功率、小区用户最大容量等方面对WCDMA、cdma2000和EVDO无线接入标准进行了分析和比较。3G移动通信网应以提供移动因特网业务为主,纯CDMA方式的WCDMA系统上下行用户容量基本相等,会造成上行频道带宽资源的浪费,并使系统成本上升。在下行信道中,以时分多址为主的cdma20001xEV-DO系统能取代cdma20003x系统,说明CDMA方式运用于3G系统时存在很难克服的技术缺陷,也说明ITU将3GFDD频段对称划分存在不合理性。     

多业务CDMA系统上行链路容量分析

研究了多业务CDMA系统的上行链路容量,提出一种容量分析方法。在方法中考 虑了多业务的激活概率,分析了不同业务的掉话率,以系统掉话率为基准给出了系统容量。该 分析方法表明CDMA系统的容量受多业务的Eb/N0、传输速率和业务激活概率的影响。     

WCDMA与GSM系统在设计规划中的区别

W C D M A 系统是基于 C D M A 接入方式的网络,其技术特点更接近 CDMA,　因而与 GSM 存在诸多不同。同时,由于 3G网络的综合数据业务的特点,对网络设计提出了更高的要求。 一、链路预算与上行覆盖 链路预算是无线网络规划的基本工具,链路预算的结果决定小区的覆盖半径。在GSM系统中,　上行链路和下行链路是基本平衡的,小区半径可以由基站下行信号电平高于某一设计要求的门限值决定。　在WCDMA 系统中,　 上行链路和下行链路的平衡并非网络设计目标。　基站功率在下行由小区所有用户及信令共享,因而不会成为覆盖受限链路。由于…     

Hot-spot traffic relief with a tilted antenna in CDMA cellularnetworks

Direct-sequence code division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular networks are highly promising in terms of their potential to provide more capacity than an advanced mobile phone system (AMPS). However, heterogeneous traffic loading causes traffic congestion in a CDMA hot-spot. This paper presents a tilted antenna mechanism for sectored cells in CDMA cellular networks to relieve the congestion in a hot-spot sector. The fixed antenna-tilted mechanism, which only tilts the hot-spot antenna, can provide the merit of traffic balancing. Besides, we design a dynamic antenna-tilted mechanism in which tilting the antennas of the hot spot and its adjacent cell sectors is based on varying the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The dynamic mechanism can automatically tilt the antenna corresponding to the variation of traffic. Consequently, more capacity can be provided than in a fixed tilting mechanism, which only tilts the hot-spot antenna. Another benefit is the traffic-balancing effect with a tilted-antenna mechanism that reduces the transceivers of a hot-spot base station. Therefore, extra facilities are unnecessary for the hot spot than for a normal or light traffic sector     

Multiple-access capacity in mobile user satellite systems

The channel capacity of a satellite direct sequence CDMA system is analyzed including the effects of faded user interference, overlapping antenna beams, imperfect equalization of the antenna pattern across an antenna cell, and diversity reception. Simplified models are used to describe the impact of these effects on the channel capacity of single and multiple cofrequency CDMA systems. In a comparison of the uplink and downlink paths, the uplink of the CDMA system is shown to limit the channel capacity because the downlink can utilize code-orthogonality and coherent demodulation. In a multiple system comparison between band-shared CDMA and band-segmented FDMA/TDMA technologies, FDMA/TDMA is shown to provide about the same capacity for uniformly distributed traffic conditions over many cells and dramatically better capacity when traffic is concentrated in one cell. Due to the peak nature of telephony, this result supports the use of band-segmented systems in mobile user satellite systems     

Performance study for a microcell hot spot embedded in CDMAmacrocell systems

The code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system can provide more capacity than other systems, and the hierarchical layer of cells is required for system design. However, the problem is whether the same radio frequency (RF) channels used in a CDMA overlayed/underlayed macrocell and microcell structure also obtain a high capacity as in the homogeneous structure. We investigate the interference of uplink and downlink from both the microcell and macrocell under a hierarchical structure. A downlink power control scheme and two power control methods for the uplink are also considered. Performance measures such as blocking probability, C/I, capacity, and service hole area are also obtained by computer simulation. Besides, some extra efforts for a microcell are also noted, such as more power need to be transmitted by a microcell base station (BS) if the same RF channels are used in the hierarchical structure. The capacities of macrocell and microcell in the overlaying/underlaying structure are limited by the uplink and downlink, respectively. With downlink power control, the microcellular capacity can be increased. However, the combination of downlink power control for the microcell and C/I uplink power control for the macrocell causes the overall system capacity to significantly increase     

3G主流标准小区用户最大容量研究

文章根据CDMA系统多用户干扰产生原理导出小区上下行链路用户速率为Rb时的最大用户数公式,据此公式可求出WCDMA、cdma2000和TD-SCDMA标准能提供的小区上下行链路最大用户数,接着导出小区上下行链路可以提供的最大速率Rbmax。文章结果证明只有采用TDMA方式的cdma20001xEV-DO或EDGE方式才能提供合理的高速无线接入Rb。     

Uplink user capacity in a CDMA system with hotspot microcells: effects of finite transmit power and dispersion

This paper examines the uplink user capacity in a two-tier code division multiple access (CDMA) system with hotspot microcells when user terminal power is limited and the wireless channel is finitely-dispersive. A finitely-dispersive channel causes variable fading of the signal power at the output of the RAKE receiver. First, a two-cell system composed. of one macrocell and one embedded microcell is studied and analytical methods are developed to estimate the user capacity as a function of a dimensionless parameter that depends on the transmit power constraint and cell radius. Next, novel analytical methods are developed to study the effect of variable fading, both with and without transmit power constraints. Finally, the analytical methods are extended to estimate uplink user capacity for multicell CDMA systems, composed of multiple macrocells and multiple embedded microcells. In all cases, the analysis-based estimates are compared with and confirmed by simulation results.     

Performance of a cellular hybrid C/TDMA mobile radio systemapplying joint detection and coherent receiver antenna diversity

For future mobile radio systems, an appropriately chosen multiple access technique is a critical issue. Multiple access techniques presently under discussion are code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and hybrids of both. In the paper, a hybrid C/TDMA system using joint detection (JD-C/TDMA) with coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) at the base station (BS) receiver is proposed. Some attractive features of the JD-C/TDMA system are the possibility to flexibly offer voice and data services with different bit rates, soft capacity, inherent frequency and interferer diversity, and high system capacity due to JD. Furthermore, due to JD, a cluster size equal to 1 can be realized without needing soft handover. The single cell E_b/N₀ performance and the interference situation in a cellular environment of the uplink of a JD-C/TDMA mobile radio system with CRAD is investigated in detail. It is shown that the cellular spectrum efficiency is remarkably high, taking values up to 0.2 bit/s/Hz/BS in the uplink, depending on the actual transmission conditions     

CDMA2000 1/spl times/EV-DO revision a: a physical layer and MAC layer overview

This article presents key enhancements to CDMA2000 1/spl times/EV-DO systems embodied in 1/spl times/EV-DO Revision A. These enhancements provide significant gains in spectral efficiency and substantial improvements in QoS support relative to 1/spl times/EV-DO Revision 0. In particular, 1/spl times/EV-DO Revision A approximately doubles the uplink spectral efficiency and doubles the number of terminals with delay-sensitive applications that can be simultaneously supported on the system. It provides substantial reduction in latencies (approximately 50 percent) during both connection setup and the connected state. It offers comprehensive network control over terminal and application performance to enable the desired trade-offs between capacity and latency/ fairness, thereby providing full QoS support and enhanced user experience. It also provides coverage improvement (approximately 1.5 dB) relative to 1/spl times/EV-DO Revision 0. This enables operators to offer services such as VoIP, video telephony, mobile network gaming, push-to-talk, Web browsing, file transfer, and video on demand to a larger number of simultaneous users. The 1/spl times/EV-DO Revision A network can provide downlink sector capacity of 1500 kb/s and uplink capacity of 500 kb/s (two-way receive diversity) or 1200 kb/s (four-way receive diversity) with 16 active users per sector, using just 1.25 MHz of the spectrum.     

Two-Layer Spreading CDMA: An Improved Method for Broadband Uplink Transmission

This paper proposes and investigates a novel code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. This two-layer spreading CDMA (TLS-CDMA) system can combat multiple-access interference (MAI) and multipath interference (MPI) simultaneously and effectively in a multiuser scenario over frequency-selective fading channels. Moreover, a two-layer cell-specific scrambling code is proposed for the TLS-CDMA system in the uplink transmission to efficiently suppress other-cell interference (OCI) in a multicell environment. The proposed TLS-CDMA system allows the two-layer spreading factors to be adapted to the cell structure, the channel conditions, and the number of active users to support variable data rate transmission among multiple users. The superior performance of the TLS-CDMA system over other uplink transmission systems, such as cyclic prefix CDMA (CP-CDMA) and multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), is also illustrated using performance analysis and simulation results.      

A time-orthogonal CDMA high-speed uplink data transmission scheme for 3G and beyond

In 3G systems, the achievable data rates and capacity on the uplink are much smaller than the downlink data rates and capacity due to the nonorthogonal nature of the CDMA uplink. In this article, we present a new time-orthogonal CDMA approach called high-speed uplink data burst transmission mode. The concept is based on slot-synchronized slot-orthogonal transmissions whereby high-speed data transmissions take place in slots orthogonal to the slots used for physical layer control signaling and low-data-rate transmission such as resource requests. Using this approach, very high data rates and capacity are achieved during data burst transmission because of the availability of high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, resulting from the orthogonal nature of the transmissions. Simulation results show that the uplink spectral efficiency of the proposed scheme is approximately four times better than that achieved with the existing 3G systems     

Effects of diversity power control, and bandwidth an the capacityof microcellular CDMA systems

We evaluate the capacity and bandwidth efficiency of microcellular CDMA systems. Power control, multipath diversity system bandwidth, and path loss exponent are seen to have a major impact on the capacity. The CDMA system considered uses convolutional codes, orthogonal signalling, multipath/antenna diversity with noncoherent combining, and fast closed-loop power control on the uplink (portable-to-base) direction. On the downlink (base-to-portable), convolutional codes, BPSK modulation with pilot-signal-assisted coherent reception, and multipath diversity are employed. Both fast and slow power control are considered for the downlink. The capacity of the CDMA system is evaluated in a multicell environment taking into account shadow fading, path loss, fast fading, and closed-loop power control. Fast power control on the downlink increases the capacity significantly. Capacity is also significantly impacted by the path loss exponent. Narrowband CDMA (system bandwidth of 1.25 MHz) requires artificial multipath generation on the downlink to achieve adequate capacity. For smaller path loss exponents, which are more likely in microcellular environments, artificial multipath diversity of an order of as high as 4 may be needed. Wideband CDMA systems (10 MHz bandwidth) achieve greater efficiencies in terms of capacity per MHz