水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理中草药废水启动特性研究

为了解水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺在处理中草药加工废水的处理效果,将参数调试为在水解酸化池水力停留时间13.5h,溶解氧浓度0.1~0.2mg/L,生物接触氧化池水力停留时间21.6h,溶解氧浓度2~3mg/L,进行反应器的启动试验。最终经过20d完成了该工艺反应器的启动,测定了反应器的COD、总氮、总磷和色度情况。结果表明,在经过反应器处理后,COD的去除率为60%以上,总氮去除率为50%以上,总磷去除率为60%以上,色度去除率为60%以上,反应器对废水各项指标的去除率非常稳定。     

物化处理后的铜酞菁废水A/O生物接触氧化研究

铜酞菁废水酸性强、氨氮和Cu^2 浓度高、处理难度大。作者采用A／O生物接触氧化对经物化处理后的铜酞菁废水进行了实验研究。实验表明：适当增大硝化液回流比(R)有利于有机氮转化以及硝化和反硝化;增加水力停留时间(HRT)可提高脱碳效率,并促进硝化。在进水CODCr500mg／L,TKN100．8mg／L,R为300％及HRT为50h时,CODCr、NH3-N和TKN的去除率可分别达91．0％、98．8％和98．4％。     

同步硝化反硝化污水处理的工艺优化

研究了生活污水的溶解氧含量、微生物絮体粒径、水力停留时间、C/N比以及pH值对同步消化反硝化脱氮处理效率的影响。其中溶解氧含量、水力停留时间及pH值对污水总氮去除率影响较为显著,而微生物絮体粒径和C/N比对其影响程度相对较轻。当溶解氧含量为1.5mg/L,微生物絮体粒径为60μm,水力停留时间为30 h,C/N比为4时,pH为7.0时,生活污水的氨氮去除率为85%,硝氮去除率为65%,总氮去除率为80%,同步硝化反硝化反应迚程效率较高。     

A/O生物脱氮回流液中溶解氧影响因素的研究

A／O工艺处理废水过程中，回流液中的溶解氧影响反硝化脱氮的速率。选择回流比为3，回流液的溶解氧小于3．0mg／L较为适宜。     

A/O/O生物膜反应器处理锦纶废水的影响因素

试验采用A／O／O生物膜系统对锦纶废水进行处理,考察了硝化液回流比、水力停留时间、DO和进水COD及TN浓度对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,当进水COD和TN分别为480-525mg／L和24-26mg／L,硝化液田流比3,单个反应器HRT为3．9h,好氧池Ⅰ和Ⅱ内DO均为3．0mg／L左右时,系统COD和TN去除率分别迭95％和70％,出水氨氮低于1．5mg／L,满足GB8978-96污水综合排放一级标准。     

A/O工艺处理公厕废水脱氮运行参数的确定

针对旅游区公厕污水高氨氮等特点,用正交试验选择改进A/O法生物脱氮工艺的关键影响因子,探讨关键因子与氨氮去除率的相关性及最佳工艺条件,试验表明碳氧化段水力停留时间为6h,硝化氧化段水力停留时间为6h,回流比为200%时公厕污水氨氮去除率达到90%以上。     

生物膜法厌氧-好氧处理腈纶废水的中试研究

采用生物膜法厌氧-好氧处理腈纶废水,试验研究了不同工况条件下,工艺对腈纶废水的处理效果。试验结果表明,当厌氧水力停留时间(HRT)控制在30 h时,COD与BOD5的去除率分别为23.22%、37.57%,BOD5/COD降低17.96%。当好氧的HRT控制在24 h、气水体积比为40:1时,COD去除率58.92%。当工艺总HRT控制在54 h时,COD去除率达60%以上,BOD5去除率达95%以上,特征污染物二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)和丙烯腈(AN)的去除率接近100%,系统运行稳定可靠。针对此腈纶废水建议厌氧HRT控制在30 h,好氧HRT控制在24 h,气水体积比控制在40:1。     

三维电极技术预处理腈纶废水的试验研究

采用三维电极技术处理难降解腈纶废水,通过单因素及正交试验考察了电解电压、反应时间以及pH对废水COD去除率和反应能耗的影响.试验结果表明,在电压为20V,电解时间为60 min,pH为5.0的条件下,三维电极对腈纶废水的COD去除率达到29％左右,废水的可生化性由0.28提高到0.41,处理每吨废水能耗为1.33 kW·h左右.     

前置反硝化技术处理天然橡胶加工废水的初步研究

采用前置反硝化技术处理天然橡胶加工废水厌氧消化液,以脱氮除磷为目标,研究不同水力停留时间、溶解氧浓度、活性污泥浓度对前置反硝化系统处理效果的影响。首先通过单因素分析法确定各影响因素的大致范围,然后通过正交试验法得到最佳工艺参数,即:水力停留时间为36 h、初级好氧池溶解氧为4.0 mg/L、次级好氧池溶解氧为3.5 mg/L、污泥质量浓度为3 560 mg/L,此时COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别达97.5%、93.6%、91.5%。     

Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)对SBBR工艺处理腈纶废水效果比较

通过平行对比试验,考察了分别外加Fe2+和Fe3+的SBBR反应器对实际腈纶废水的处理效果。结果表明:外加Fe2+/Fe3+对腈纶废水处理效果较好,COD去除率在60%左右,氨氮去除率高达90%以上,氨氮出水可达国家一级B标准。在水质波动阶段,外加Fe2+比Fe3+对腈纶废水中COD的处理效果更好。Fe2+对亚硝化反应具有促进作用,外加Fe2+的SBBR反应器对氨氮的降解速率较Fe3+更快。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。