生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究

以经过臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤的养鱼废水为原水,研究了生物活性炭对水产养殖废水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和COD深度处理的效果,并与活性炭吸附处理进行了对比研究.结果表明,在滤速14m·h-1、进水水温23.3～30.3℃、pH为7.35～8.06、溶解氧质量浓度为6.0～8.1 mg·L-1、氨氮质量浓度0.204～0.984mg·L-1、亚硝态氮质量浓度0.090～1.003 mg·L-1、COD为13.44～26.80mg·L-1的条件下,生物活性炭对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD的平均去除率分别达到85.5%、90.1%和43.8%.经生物活性炭处理后,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度均达到了花鳗养殖对水质的要求,达标率分别为100%和97.6%,可以循环回用;在滤速14m·h-1,低进水氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度下,活性炭吸附对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮几乎没有去除作用,但对COD的吸附去除率高达52.3%.     

利用A2/O2工艺处理中药类制药废水的研究

试验将活性污泥法和接触氧化法结合使用,组合成为复合式A2/O2工艺(厌氧/好氧/厌氧/好氧)对中药类制药废水进行了中试研究,以考察该系统的处理效果.结果表明,废水经过调节池的水解酸化作用后,进入两级A2/O2(厌氧/好氧)设备,最后得到了良好的处理效果.进水的COD为119～1440mg·L-1,出水的COD降到15.9～71.6mg·L-1,去除率在60.0%～92.7%之间,平均去除率为78.O%;进水的氨氮质量浓度为2.25～50.3 mg·L-1,出水中的氨氮质量浓度在1.38～27.6 mg·L-1,氨氮的去除率在41.5%～88.4%之间;总氮的出水质量浓度为1.46～27.75 mg·L-1,去除率最高达到了87.7%.各项指标均达到了国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996).     

分格式SBR法处理冬季校园生活污水试验研究

;建立分格式序批式活性污泥(SBR)中试装置处理冬季低水温(8～10℃)校园生活污水,考察了空间推流和空间交替运行模式对COD、氮及磷的去除率影响.结果表明,曝气1.5 h各区增设好氧.缺氧空间交替运行效果最好,出水COD为35～60mg·L-1,去除率达75%～90%,出水磷质量浓度接近0mg·L-1,去除率高达95%,较仅有空间推流运行省电2/5.3种模式下出水氨氮质量浓度均为20～30 mg·L-1,去除率为20%～45%.温度(15℃和25℃)对氨氮去除率影响试验表明,低温抑制了硝化菌,与延长曝气时间和交替的电子受体环境无关.     

低DO含量MBR工艺的脱氮及运行特性研究

采用浸没式MBR工艺,以城市污水为研究对象,研究了在低DO含量条件下对污染物的去除效果.结果表明,在DO的质量浓度分别为0.8～1.2、0.2～0.5、0.5～0.8mg·L-13个工况条件下,系统对COD的去除效果没有明显差异,但DO对氨氮和TN的去除率有显著的影响.DO的质量浓度在0.8～1.2 mg·L-1时,氨氮去除率能达到90%以上,TN去除率约为70%;DO的质量浓度降低到0.2～0.5mg·L-1时,氨氮和TN的去除率约为50%;当DO为0.5～0.8mg·L-1时,TN去除率达到85%以上.在不同工况运行条件下,研究了DO对活性污泥SVI、丝状菌膨胀的影响,通过对膜过滤压降的测定,证实了丝状菌膨胀对膜污染有较大的影响.     

膜生物反应器处理酱油废水的中试研究

采用一体式好氧膜生物反应器( MBR)工艺处理实际酱油废水.考察了MBR对酱油废水的处理效果,并讨论了工艺参数对处理效果的影响.进水采用广东某酱油厂综合废水处理工艺的厌氧池出水,COD 500～800 mg· L-1、氨氮质量浓度为200 mg· L-1左右、色度为600～700倍、浊度为100 NTU左右.运行工艺参数:水温≥20℃、DO质量浓度≥2.5 mg·L-1、MLSS为8 000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间48 h、污泥停留时间120d.试验结果表明,在系统稳定运行后,使用膜生物反应器工艺处理酱油废水能达到良好的效果.出水COD、氨氮、色度分别为:≤90 mg·L-1、≤10mg· L-1、40倍左右,平均去除率分别为87.8％、95.94％、93.8％.对浊度的去除率能达到99％,出水水质稳定.     

沸石生物膜法处理玉米青贮渗出液应用研究

采用沸石生物膜法处理安徽凤阳奶牛养殖场玉米青贮渗出液,研究了对COD、氨氮的去除效果.结果表明:挂膜成熟后,沸石生物膜反应器对COD和氨氮有较好的去除效果;挂膜23 d后,COD的去除率可以稳定在70%,氨氮去除率可以稳定在80%以上;当气水体积比为2∶1,水力停留时间为12 h,生物膜活性达到最高,有机污染物的去除效果最好;有机负荷对氨氮去除效果影响较大,当COD达到280mg·L-1时,氨氮的去除率降为32.7%,显示出有机污染物的降解好氧严重抑制了硝化细菌的生长.     

CASS反应池结合ClO2消毒工艺在处理某医院废水的应用

采用CASS池结合ClO2消毒工艺处理某医院污水,结果表明,出水COD、BOD5、氨氮、总磷的质量浓度和去除率分别为23～65 mg· L-1、77.38％～90.81％; 11～65 mg·L-1、66.36％～90.91％; 0.12～2.87 mg·L-1、73.57％～98.47％;1.0～1.4 mg· L-1、58.32％～65.01％;总大肠杆菌群低于1 000· L-1,去除率为97.08％～99.83％;接触消毒池出水余氯为3.1～3.5 mg· L-1.各项指标基本达到了污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的二级排放标准.表明CASS池结合ClO2消毒工艺能有效的处理医院废水.     

HCR工艺处理高浓度氨氮有机废水

研究了高效好氧生物反应器(HCR)系统处理高浓度氨氮有机废水的可行性,对影响系统处理效果的因素进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:当进水中氨氮为2 000～2 200 mg/L、COD 500～9000 mg/L、pH 9.5～10.0,系统反应的水力停留时间7.0～7.5 h时,氨氮去除率最高达到72%以上,氨氮容积负荷最高达到4.8 kg/(m3·d)以上,COD容积负荷最高达到21.6 kg/(m3·d).说明HCR系统预处理高浓度氨氮有机废水可行.     

MBBR法处理城市污水去除污染物的特性研究

通过对小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理南方热带亚热带地区城市生活污水的试验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、pH、填料填充率、冲击负荷对反应器处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,在NRT为6 h,进水COD为300mg·L-1,氨氮质量浓度为15 mg·L-1,填料体积填充率为30%,pH为7左右时,移动床生物膜反应器对COD、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为83.4%、80.1%、49.7%.     

一种处理矿化床垃圾渗滤液出水工艺的试验研究

上海老港填埋场采用三级矿化垃圾生物反应床(矿化床)处理垃圾渗滤液.经过三级矿化床处理后的出水COD、BOD、NH3-N以及大肠杆菌的去除率分别达到98.0%、99.9%、99.7%和99.7%.采用臭氧氧化法处理时,当臭氧的质量浓度达到262 mg·L-1时,COD和色度的去除率分别达到43.7%和94.3%;经处理后的废液的可生化性大大提高(BOD5/COD=0.47).当用质量浓度为235～262mg·L-1的臭氧处理后的废水再通过生物法处理后,出水的COD、BOD5分别为82、21 mg·L-1,色度为32度,均达到国家垃圾渗滤液排放标准.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.