半固态A356铝合金浆料的LSPWES制备和流变成形

利用短时弱电磁搅拌和低过热度浇注(LSPWES)制备了半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金浆料,随后对该浆料进行了均热处理,并探讨了压射比压对铝合金浆料流变挤压铸造过程的影响。制备结果表明:在630~650℃下浇注,同时附以短时低强度电磁搅拌,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α-Al呈现为球状,个别的初生α-Al呈现为蔷薇状;在固液两相区进行均热处理时,促进了初生α-Al的熟化作用,使初生α-Al进一步球化和粗化。压射比压对半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料的充填性影响较大,压射比压越高,型腔越容易充满;对于本试验条件,只要压射比压≥34MPa,半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料都可充满型腔。流变挤压铸件的组织分布很均匀,表明采用低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌相结合所制备的半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金浆料适合流变挤压成形,有利于获得高质量的压铸件。     

Al-Mg-Si合金半固态触变成形研究

以水泵盖为目标零件,在自行建立的半固态触变成形试验线上使用A357合金和新开发的半固态专用铝合金Al-6Si-2Mg进行了半固态触变压铸试验研究.对这两种合金在半固态坯料制备、二次加热及半固态压铸中的显微组织及工艺性进行了比较.结果表明,Al-6Si-2Mg合金在触变成形过程中均表现出更好的工艺可控性,其半固态压铸件热处理后的性能为σb=335MPa,σs=305MPa,δ5=3%,强度高于A357,伸长率与铸态A357合金相当.试验最终获得了充型完好、性能优异、组织均匀的半固态压铸件.     

半固态铝合金浆料的复合制备和流变成形研究

利用短时弱电磁搅拌和低过热度浇注制备了半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金浆料,随后对该浆料进行了均热处理,并探讨了浆料温度、压射比压与压射速度对铝合金浆料流变成形过程的影响.制备结果表明,在630～650 ℃下浇注,同时辅以短时低强度电磁搅拌,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α-Al呈现为球状,个别的初生α-Al呈现为蔷薇状;在固液两相区进行均热处理时,促进了初生α-Al的熟化作用,使初生α-Al进一步球化和粗化.成形结果还表明,浆料温度、压射比压和压射速度对半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料的充填性影响较大,压射比压和压射速度越大及浆料温度越高,型腔越容易充满;铁芯位置距离内浇道越近,越有利于半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料的充填;对于试验的钥匙铸件,只要浆料温度≥585 ℃,或压射比压≥20 MPa,或压射速度≥1.73 m/s,半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料都可充满型腔.流变成形铸件的组织分布很均匀,表明采用低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌相结合所制备的半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金浆料适合流变成形,有利于获得高质量的压铸件.     

新型倾斜板技术制备半固态铝合金坯料和浆料

采用自行设计的波浪型倾斜板,在斜板冷却条件下制备了组织和触变性能优良的半固态合金坯料。而在斜板加热条件下制备出了组织优良的半固态合金浆料。在采用波浪型的倾斜板制备半固态合金过程中,在熔体爆发形核与枝晶破碎的共同作用下,形成了细小球形的半固态合金组织,浇注温度、冷却强度、斜板倾角和斜板表面材质是影响半固态合金组织的主要因素。得出了本试验条件下制备AlMg3合金半固态坯料的浇注温度范围为660~690℃;制备AlSi6Mg2合金半固态坯料的浇注温度范围为660~680℃;制备AlSi6Mg2半固态合金浆料的合理工艺条件为:斜板预热温度为300℃时,合金浇注温度为680℃。     

新型半固态铝合金AlSi6Mg2设计与实验研究

结台半固态加工基本原理利用热力学计算方法设计出了新型半固态铝合金AlSi6Mg2，并进行了半固态触变压铸成形和微合金化实验研究。结果显示：新合金在触变成形过程中表现出良好的半固态组织和工艺性能，微合金化改善了新合金组织，提高了合金的综合力学性能，特别是塑性明显提高。     

弱搅拌功率对半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料组织的影响

采用低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌制备浆料技术制备半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料,研究了弱搅拌功率对合金浆料初生相α-Al形貌的影响以及浆料组织的径向分布.研究结果表明, 在低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌条件下,当AlSi7Mg合金液在浇注温度为630 ℃、搅拌功率为0.36 kW时可制备出初生α-Al相形貌呈小而圆整的球状晶粒、组织分布均匀、直径为127 mm的AlSi7Mg合金浆料;在低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌条件下,适当提高搅拌功率可改善初生α-Al相形貌,但当搅拌功率提高到一定程度,再增大搅拌功率,初生α-Al相形貌并没有得到进一步改善;从半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料组织的径向分布看,由边部到心部,浆料的组织形貌从枝晶组织向蔷薇状组织再向球状组织演化.     

液相线半连续铸造A356铝合金触变成形的组织与性能

研究了液相线半连续铸造法制备A356铝合金半固态浆触变成形并经固溶时效处理后的组织与性能，结果表明，触变成形与热处理后的A356件，其σb值达到238MPa,δ5达到17％，此结果为液相线半连续铸造A356铝合金触变成形的深入研究奠定了基础。     

液相线半连续铸造7075Al合金二次加热与触变成形

研究了液相线半连续铸造的7075Al合金半固态浆料在不同温度下的液固相比、二次加热组织、触变成形性,以及热处理前后成形件的力学性能。结果表明,7075Al合金触变成形液相比为30%-50%时对应的温度区间为600-620℃,二次加热可以将液相线半连续铸造7075Al合金锭坯中的蔷薇状和近球状组织转化为球形晶粒组织,适合于半固态加工,组织最佳的条件是加热温度580℃左右,保温时间15-30min,及加热温度600℃左右,保温时间5-15min.加热到600℃,保温15min后7075合金流动性成形性非常好,闭模锻造完全可以半固态成形,未经热处理的7075Al合金成形件强度极限达357.9MPa,T6热处理后强度极限达468MPa。     

半固态AlSi6Mg2铝合金的触变性

利用Couette型同轴圆桶流变仪研究了等温搅拌的半固态AlSi6Mg2铝合金浆料的触变性能。试验结果表明：经过连续冷却和等温搅拌，半固态AlSi6Mg2铝合金浆料的表观粘度逐渐降低，并达到一个稳态值；此时，若停止搅拌并保温静置一段时间，又以某一剪切速率搅拌，半固态AlSi6Mg2铝合金浆料的表观粘度会突然增加，然后再迅速降低，最后达到一个稳态值，呈现出典型的剪切变稀特性；静置时间越长，合金浆料在开始剪切瞬间的表观粘度越大，同时达到稳态所需时间也越长，其稳态表观粘度值也略有提高；等温搅拌过程中突然增加剪切速率，半固态AlSi6Mg2铝合金浆料的表观粘度会突然降低，并逐步达到稳态；当剪切速率突然降低时，合金浆料的表观粘度会突然增加，然后逐步达到稳态。而且，剪切速率突然增加之后达到稳态所需要的时间要比剪切速率突然降低之后达到稳态所需要的时间短得多。     

铝合金半固态加工技术的应用研究

重点介绍了近年来在铝合金半固态坯料制备方面的研究进展以及在半固态触变成形技术工业应用方面的研究开发工作,如复合电磁搅拌制备半固态浆料、多流电磁搅拌半固态连铸技术、铝合金半固态触变压铸成形、铝合金半固态触变模锻成形等,并就其可能的应用领域及发展状况如难铸造合金的铸造成形、变形合金的直接铸造成形、活塞合金的加工成形、变形铝合金的塑性加工进行了讨论。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。