2000 reports of the regional associations.

Presents the 2000 reports for the annual meetings of the Eastern Psychological Association, Midwestern Psychological Association, New England Psychological Association, Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, Southeastern Psychological Association, Western Psychological Association, Southwestern Psychological Association, and the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Chondronecrosis of the cricoid cartilage after intubation. Two case reports

Chondronecrosis of the cricoid cartilage is a rare complication of intubation. The records of two children were reviewed. An 8-month-old girl with myelomonocytic leukaemia developed chondronecrosis 10 days after a 2-day period of ventilation. A 4-year-old girl comatose after poisoning by the histamine antagonist, alimemazine, developed chondronecrosis after a 2-day period of intubation. The complication was suspected when extubation led to dyspnoea owing to laryngeal stridor and was confirmed by direct laryngoscopy. We review the development of the condition, the causative factors, treatment and prevention.     

The Australian Vietnam Veterans Health Study: II. self-reported health of veterans compared with the Australian population

BACKGROUND: Self-reported physical health status of Australian Vietnam veterans was determined 20-25 years after the war and its relation to combat was investigated. METHOD: An epidemiological cohort study of a simple random sample of Army veterans posted to Vietnam between 1964 and 1972 was conducted with personal interviews using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Health Interview Survey questionnaire to compare veterans with the Australian population and a 21-item combat exposure index used to measure the relationship of combat to physical health. RESULTS: Veterans reported greater health service usage and more recent health actions than population expectations. They also reported excess health problems in almost all recent illness disease categories except endocrine conditions and cardiovascular conditions; only 6 of 37 chronic disease groups were not elevated compared to the population. Adjustment for non-response changed estimates only slightly. Combat exposure was significantly related to reports of recent and chronic mental disorders, recent hernia and chronic ulcer, recent eczema and chronic rash, deafness, chronic infective and parasitic disease, chronic back disorders and symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions. CONCLUSION: Combat exposure may have significantly increased reports of only some health problems. A general position to complain as a result of psychological conditions due to combat is not consistent with the lack of relationship between combat and reports of physical conditions.     

First lapses to smoking: Within-subjects analysis of real-time reports.

Studies of smoking relapse and temptation episodes have relied on retrospective recall and confounded between- and within-subject variability. Real-time data on temptations and lapses to smoke were gathered using palm-top computers. We made within-subject comparisons of the initial lapse, a temptation episode, and base rate data obtained through randomly scheduled assessments. Negative affect discriminated all three situations, with lapses worse than temptations, and temptations worse than random situations. Participants attributed lapses to negative mood and smoking cues, whereas temptations were more often attributed to behavioral transitions. Participants were 12 times more likely to report coping in temptations than in lapses. However, only cognitive ( vs. behavioral ) coping strategies were effective. Lapses (vs. the other situations) were more likely to occur when smoking was permitted, when cigarettes were easily available, and in the presence of other smokers. The results have clinical implications, and the computerized monitoring methods may be applicable to an array of clinical research problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pioneer in orotracheal intubation: Eugen Tschudy. The first emergency intubation for airway obstruction?

Presented is a case in which there was significant accumulation of In-111 Octreotide in brain infarcts. It is likely that the accumulation was nonspecific and due to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.     

The epidemiology of eating disorder behaviors: an Australian community-based survey

In spite of the importance of the corpus luteum in human reproduction, little is known about its formation after ovulation and during regression in the absence of conception. This is largely due to constraints on the availability of normal human tissue; therefore an appropriate model which could be studied and could provide information applicable to the human was sought. The baboon (Papio), a non-human primate, has been determined to be one such model. Thus, in the past several years our studies have examined the role of luteal peptides in corpus luteum function, and, when possible, we have attempted to examine corpora lutea from the human and baboon in parallel. Although a milk-ejection factor was recognized to be present in luteal tissue in 1910 (Ott and Scott, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., Vol. 8, p. 49), the role of oxytocin in luteal physiology has not been easy to ascertain. This is in part due to the methodologies employed to assess its role. Our studies summarized below suggest that oxytocin does not directly affect luteal steroidogenesis but that it may play a role in cell to cell communication involving the expression of the gap junction proteins, the connexins. In view of the fact that oxytocin, its receptor, gap junctions and associated proteins are not unique to the human and non-human primates, the model of luteal development and demise proposed may be applicable to most species.     

A configurational analysis of children's reports of parent behavior.

Reports of discrete components of parent behavior were collected on the 26 scales of the Children's Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory. 3 replicated factors—Acceptance vs. Rejection, Psychological Autonomy vs. Psychological Control, and Firm Control vs. Lax Control—were identified from 4 correlation matrices of reports of maternal and of paternal behavior by children and by adults. Conceptual planes generated by pairs of factors differentiated Acceptance of Individuation from Loving Involvement and Hostile Involvement from Hostile Detachment. This configurational analysis facilitated the comparison of these results with other analyses of the structure of parent behavior. A spherical conceptual model for parent behavior is proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Students' reports of motivation and negative affect: A theoretical and empirical analysis.

The authors investigated the self-reported relationships among 5th- and 6th-grade students' achievement goals in mathematics, their negative affect about making mistakes, and their self-regulatory beliefs and behaviors. Cluster analysis revealed 4 motivational-affective patterns. Two groups were characterized by positive motivational-affective patterns and 2 suggested more problematic patterns related to different goal patterns, negative affect, and less positive self-regulatory behaviors and beliefs. Path analyses showed that negative affect after failure mediated performance goals and self-regulatory beliefs and behaviors. The authors propose a theory of achievement goals and affect that explains why students differ in their ability to tolerate error during learning. They also discuss practical and theoretical implications of the role of negative affect in achievement motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition in an Australian clinical sample.

A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III; D. Wechsler, 1991) with a sample of 579 Australian children referred for assessment because of academic difficulties in the classroom. The children were administered the WISC-III as part of the initial eligibility determination process for funding of special education services. The children were aged between 6 years and 16 years 7 months. One-, two-, three-, and four-factor models were tested. The four-factor model proposed in the WISC-III manual fit the data significantly better than all other models tested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The validity of verbal reports in children's subtraction.

To assess the validity of verbal reports in children's subtraction, students in Grades 1, 3, and 5 were asked to solve a set of simple subtraction problems and were placed in the no-report, retrospective-report, or concurrent-report conditions. Two aspects of verbal report validity were assessed: reactivity, or whether providing a verbal report alters subsequent task performance, and veridicality, or whether the verbal reports are accurate reflections of solution strategies. Students in all grades and in both the retrospective-report and concurrent-report conditions were able to provide veridical strategy reports, and the instruction to verbally report had few effects on task performance. Informal findings indicate that students had less difficulty reporting retrospectively than concurrently. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prisoners as patients. The experience of delivering mental health nursing care in an Australian prison

Correctional or prison mental health nursing is a highly specialized area of practice that has undergone substantive role development in recent years. However, little research has explored aspects of prison-based nursing practice or practice arrangements. The experience of delivering mental health nursing care in prison can be disempowering, resulting in feelings of frustration, isolation, and stigma. In developed nations, prison mental health nurses face the rewarding challenge of gaining greater recognition for the specialized nature of their practice and their key role in the correctional and criminal justice continuum.     

The best of consulting psychology 1900-2000: Insider perspectives.

A Society of Consulting Psychology (SCP), survey, The Best of the Century (BoC) found Freud, Lewin, Maslow, and Argyris to have the "strongest influence on consulting psychology" in the 20th century. Lewin, Kelly, and Levinson were identified as having the "most influence on my practice." Organizational Diagnosis (Levinson, 1972) was considered the most significant contribution to consulting psychology literature. Modeled on the critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954), the BoC survey asked about: (1) influences on the practice of consulting psychology (CP); (2) influences on the respondent's consulting practice; (3) books and articles that influenced CP; (4) unfinished business that will impact the future; and, (5) notable achievements or blunders of the 20th century. Personality theories and intervention methods were considered the greatest achievement. "Overestimating, overselling, overemphasizing, and overdoing of behaviorism" received resounding endorsement as the blunder of the century. The pressing future need was seen as an identity issue: What differentiates consulting psychologists from other types of consultants? How can psychologists influence public perceptions of what consulting psychologists do, and can do? The caveat for the future: avoiding cookie-cutter approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment resistant depression in an Australian context. II: Outcome of a series of patients

The clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of a series of 107 patients referred to a mood disorders unit with an episode of "treatment resistant" Major Depression are reviewed. Subjects were categorised by diagnosis (into melancholic and non-melancholic subtypes) and by adequacy of previous treatment. At subsequent review (mean period of 37.5 months) these patients were re-assessed both in terms of outcome and which treatments had been considered to be most effective. Forty one percent of the patient group were fully recovered and a further 43% were partially improved. Different treatments were considered effective for melancholic and non-melancholic sub-types.     

Renal function abnormalities and incident cataract after a five-year interval: The Beaver Dam Eye Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between renal function abnormalities and incidence of age-related cataract. METHODS: In a population-based epidemiologic study of age-related eye disease, cataract was classified based on lens photographs. Standard methods of grading were used. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and gross proteinuria were measured using standard protocols. RESULTS: Cortical cataract was associated with increased BUN, but after controlling for age, this relationship was no longer significant. In those with diabetes, elevated BUN or elevated creatinine was associated with increased odds of posterior subcapsular cataract, but these relationships were not significant. CONCLUSION: Renal function abnormalities were not significantly associated with incidence of cataract after controlling for age and gender. However, the power to test these associations was limited. Further longitudinal follow-up of this cohort as well as other studies designed to evaluate these associations are needed.