An analysis of messages about tobacco in the Military Times magazines.

The Military Times magazines are seen as an independent source of news and information on the military and are widely read by military members. Given the influence of Military Times as a powerful media outlet within the military and marketing to military personnel by the tobacco industry, we examined tobacco messages and advertisements in a one-year sample from each service. No advertisements for cigarettes or other forms of smoked tobacco were found in any issue published in 2005. However, smokeless tobacco products were advertised frequently, with 11 distinct ads occurring in 105 ad placements. During the year targeted in the present study, smokeless tobacco advertising generated approximately US$564,249 in revenue for the publishers of Military Times. A content analysis suggested that the advertisements intended to pair smokeless tobacco use with a pleasant mood and enjoyable events not directly associated with the product itself. In addition, magazine articles about anti-tobacco topics received among the lowest amount of coverage among all pro-health articles. These findings may partially explain the recent significant increase in smokeless tobacco use among military personnel.     

Exposure of black youths to cigarette advertising in magazines

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential exposure of black adolescents to brand specific advertising in magazines. DESIGN: A probit regression analysis was conducted of pooled 1990 and 1994 data on brand specific advertising in 36 popular US magazines to examine the relationship between the presence or absence of advertising in each magazine for each of 12 cigarette brands, and the proportion of each magazine's youth (ages 12-17 years) readers who were black. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence or absence of advertising in each magazine in 1990 and 1994, for each of 12 cigarette brands. RESULTS: After controlling for total magazine readership and the percentage of young adult, Hispanic, and female readers, black youth cigarette brands (those whose market share among black youths exceeded their overall market share) were more likely than other brands to advertise in magazines with a higher percentage of black youth readers. Holding all other variables constant at their sample means, the probability of a non-black youth brand advertising in a magazine decreased over the observed range of percentage black youth readership from 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 0.75) for magazines with 5% black youth readers to 0.33 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.69) for magazines with 91% black youth readers. In contrast, the probability of a black youth brand advertising in a magazine increased from 0.40 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.62) at 5% black youth readership to 1.00 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.00) at 91% black youth readership. CONCLUSIONS: Black youths are more likely than white youths to be exposed to magazine advertising by cigarette brands popular among black adolescents.     

International trade agreements: a threat to tobacco control policy

International covenants establish a role for governments in ensuring the conditions for human health and wellbeing, which has been recognised as a central human right. International trade agreements, conversely, prioritize the rights of corporations over health and human rights. International trade agreements are threatening existing tobacco control policies and restrict the possibility of implementing new controls. This situation is unrecognised by many tobacco control advocates in signatory nations, especially those in developing countries. Recent agreements on eliminating various trade restrictions, including those on tobacco, have expanded far beyond simply international movement of goods to include internal tobacco distribution regulations and intellectual property rules regulating advertising and labelling. Our analysis shows that to the extent trade agreements protect the tobacco industry, in itself a deadly enterprise, they erode human rights principles and contribute to ill health. The tobacco industry has used trade policy to undermine effective barriers to tobacco importation. Trade negotiations provide an unwarranted opportunity for the tobacco industry to assert its interests without public scrutiny. Trade agreements provide the industry with additional tools to obstruct control policies in both developed and developing countries and at every level. The health community should become involved in reversing these trends, and help promote additional measures to protect public health.     

烤烟二氯喹啉酸药害及其治理的研究进展

二氯喹啉酸药害常发生于烟稻轮作烤烟,给烟叶生产造成较大损失。本文综述了二氯喹啉酸对烤烟的危害、环境消解特性以及烤烟二氯喹啉酸药害治理等方面的研究,对现有治理方法做出讨论并对未来药害治理作了展望。      

科技类期刊如何规范使用数字

为了提高科技期刊的质量,切实贯彻国家技术监督局发布实施的<出版物上数字用法的规定>,针对科技期刊当前出现的数字用法混乱的现象,将这些不规范的数字用法归纳整理出来,与正确用法一一对照,并给出重点提示.目的是提醒有关人员重视数字用法的国家标准,特别是新闻出版单位要以身作则,认真贯彻执行<出版物上数字用法的规定>,严格把好科技期刊产品质量关.     

让PET啤酒瓶行销中国市场——访中比啤酒(苏州)有限公司执行董事廖瑞芬博士

<正> 近年来,PET 瓶由于其时尚、个性化的造型越来越受到人们的追捧,并广泛应用于饮用水、软饮料的包装上。随着制瓶技术的不断提高,PET 瓶在啤酒包装上的应用也得到了快速的发展。目前,中国的 PET 瓶装啤酒正处于发展的起步阶段,很多啤酒生产企业都持观望态度。     

Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection.

Tobacco dependence is a key construct in tobacco research. This paper describes a construct validation approach to dependence assessment and describes key conceptual and psychometric criteria on which to evaluate putative measures of dependence. Five current dependence scales-the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.); the Cigarette Dependence Scale; the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale; and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives-are examined with respect to these critical dimensions. Recommendations are made regarding the use of each measure.