TC4钛合金低温固体稀土-硼共渗

研究了TC4钛合金在950℃低温(β转变温度以下)下进行固体稀土-硼共渗的渗层形貌、物相组成、组织性能及基体相变。结果表明,低温稀土-硼共渗,可使TC4钛合金表面获得实用的渗硼硬化层,由TiB2和TiB双相化合物组成。同1050℃高温稀土-硼共渗相比,低温渗硼层致密均匀无孔洞,而且硬度梯度和脆性得到进一步改善。低温渗硼后TC4基体为等轴组织,性能良好,能有效地防止高温(β转变温度以上)时β相形成粗晶。低温渗硼有效地改善渗层的性能,减小工件畸变。     

铝对45钢交流电场增强中温粉末法硼铝共渗的影响

以45钢为处理对象进行800℃交流电场增强粉末法硼铝共渗研究。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对共渗层组织、厚度、相与显微硬度进行观察和分析。结果表明:随渗剂中铝粉含量由0增至5%,渗层厚度先增加后降低再增加,渗层组织由渗硼特征逐渐过渡到渗铝特征,表层相依Fe2B→Fe B→Fe3Al+Al N顺序发生变化;呈现渗硼组织特征的共渗层表层硬度约为1200~1800 HV0.05,呈现渗铝层组织特征的共渗层表层硬度约500 HV0.05;在低硼势渗剂中添加1.8%铝粉并施加2 A电流的交流电场,使渗层厚度较相应常规渗硼的增加约2倍,较相应常规硼铝共渗的增加约70%。     

硼-铬-稀土低温共渗剂的研究

应用优化设计实验原理,经方差分析,确定了稀士、氟硅酸钠和硅钙合金的最佳配比,获得了一种廉价的固体渗硼剂.利用此渗剂对45钢进行650℃×6 h的低温共渗处理.通过对渗层组织观察和渗层相结构及硬度的测定,研究了渗硼层的组织性能.结果表明:共渗层呈梳齿状,钢件表面获得单相共渗层Fe2B,且具有较高的硬度.     

冷塑性变形对45钢硼铬稀土共渗的影响

利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察及显微硬度测试,研究了冷塑性变形对45钢硼铬稀土共渗的影响.结果表明,经冷塑性变形后,硼铬稀土共渗速度明显加快,冷变形量越大,渗层深度越深.与此同时,渗层仍保持了较高的硬度和低的脆性.分析认为,冷塑性变形可使位错等缺陷增加,有利于硼原子的吸收与扩散.     

Q235钢电镀镍渗硼层组织及抗高温氧化性能北大核心CSCD

对Q235钢电镀镍层进行渗硼处理,研究其渗层组织特性及抗高温氧化性能。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对镀镍渗硼层横断面进行了显微组织观察,用X射线能谱仪（EDS）分析了渗层不同部位的元素分布。结果表明,渗硼层为Fe2B,Ni4B3和Ni31Si12相,渗层厚度为33~254μm,并随着渗硼温度和渗硼时间的增加而增加。用显微硬度计测试渗层的硬度分布,复合层（硼化物和硅化物层）的硬度值约为1753 HV,硼化物层的硬度值为1645~2003 HV,基体硬度为173 HV。镀镍层与镀镍渗硼层经700℃氧化40 h的高温氧化动力学曲线显示镀镍渗硼层的抗高温氧化性能优于镀镍层,Ni3Si,B2O3和Si O2产物起到提高其抗高温氧化性能的作用。     

Q235钢电镀镍渗硼层组织及抗高温氧化性能

对Q235钢电镀镍层进行渗硼处理,研究其渗层组织特性及抗高温氧化性能。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对镀镍渗硼层横断面进行了显微组织观察,用X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析了渗层不同部位的元素分布。结果表明,渗硼层为Fe2B,Ni4B3和Ni31Si12相,渗层厚度为33~254μm,并随着渗硼温度和渗硼时间的增加而增加。用显微硬度计测试渗层的硬度分布,复合层(硼化物和硅化物层)的硬度值约为1753 HV,硼化物层的硬度值为1645~2003 HV,基体硬度为173 HV。镀镍层与镀镍渗硼层经700℃氧化40 h的高温氧化动力学曲线显示镀镍渗硼层的抗高温氧化性能优于镀镍层,Ni3Si,B2O3和Si O2产物起到提高其抗高温氧化性能的作用。     

45钢直流电场增强粉末法渗硼层相结构与性能

在粉末渗剂和45钢试样上施加4 A电流的直流电场,于800℃进行直流电场增强渗硼。以X射线衍射、光学显微观察和显微硬度测试等手段,分析位于电场不同位置试样渗硼层的相结构、显微组织、厚度与及显微硬度分布。结果表明:电场渗硼的渗层组织形态基本与常规渗硼的一致,以锯齿状楔入基体,但其相结构、显微硬度分布、厚度等与试样位置有关;朝正极面的渗层一般由Fe B和Fe2B两相组成,渗层较厚且较硬;朝负极面的渗层主要由Fe2B组成,随渗硼时间延长Fe B先增加,后减少至消失;渗硼时间等于及超过2 h,渗层下出现明显的过渡区;渗层厚度与保温时间关系曲线呈抛物线特征。从直流电场对渗剂化学反应、含硼活性基团在气氛中的扩散及硼在试样内扩散的影响等方面进行了分析。     

硼铬共渗提高3Cr13钢抗高温磨蚀性能

本文研究了3Cr13钢硼铬共渗层的组织和性能共渗层是由含铅量较高的(Fe,Cr)2B相组成.硼铬共渗处理可大幅度地提高3Cr13钢的表面硬度和抗高温氧化性能,可应用于在高温磨蚀环境中使用的热电偶保护套管上.     

表面纳米化对45钢硼铬稀土低温共渗的影响

采用快速多重旋转技术(FMRR)对45钢进行表面纳米化处理,然后对其进行650℃×6 h的硼铬稀土低温共渗,并利用TEM、SEM、电子显微硬度计进行表征。结果表明:快速多重旋转技术处理后的45钢表面发生了剧烈塑性变形,产生了纳米级晶粒,变形层厚度约30μm,硬度比基体提高40%;处理后的45钢表面硼铬稀土低温共渗层无明显的梳齿状、较为连续,平均厚度27μm,其硬度为1200~1700 HV,共渗层主要由单相Fe2B组成。     

电镀镍及扩散预处理提高渗硼层韧性

渗硼层高温硬度高,抗氧化性能好,但脆性大,提高渗硼层韧性是扩展实际工程应用的关键。文中在45CrNiMoV钢基体上采用电镀镍+高温扩散预处理,在表层形成γ-(Fe,Ni)层后,再用固体渗硼法制备出含镍渗硼层,并与直接渗硼层进行对比。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和显微压痕法对镀镍渗硼层的截面形貌,组织结构及硬度分布和断裂韧性进行了研究。结果表明:电镀镍+扩散预处理能显著提高渗硼层的断裂韧性,淬火+低温回火热处理几乎不影响镀镍渗硼层断裂韧性,而对直接渗硼层则有显著降低。镀镍渗硼层中的γ-(Fe,Ni)相能有效缓解冲击载荷,提高渗层断裂韧性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。