QoS online routing and MPLS multilevel protection: a survey

A survey of MPLS protection methods and their utilization in combination with online routing methods is presented in this article. Usually, fault management methods pre-establish backup paths to recover traffic after a failure. In addition, MPLS allows the creation of different backup types, and hence MPLS is a suitable method to support traffic-engineered networks. In this article, an introduction of several label switch path backup types and their pros and cons are pointed out. The creation of an LSP involves a routing phase, which should include QoS aspects. In a similar way, to achieve a reliable network the LSP backups must also be routed by a QoS routing method. When LSP creation requests arrive one by one (a dynamic network scenario), online routing methods are applied. The relationship between MPLS fault management and QoS online routing methods is unavoidable, in particular during the creation of LSP backups. Both aspects are discussed in this article. Several ideas on how these actual technologies could be applied together are presented and compared.     

Relative QoS optimization for multiparty online gaming in DiffServ networks

Real-time interactive multimedia multiparty communication is becoming a vital part of modern Internet services. As one of its applications, online gaming attracts a huge group of fans playing over the Internet. It has new requirements for relative QoS. This article gives a brief introduction to these new QoS requirements, and then presents an algorithm to satisfy these requirements in the differentiated services network for client-server-topology-based online gaming services. Our simulation results show that this algorithm can provide optimized relative QoS support for online gaming as an example of multiparty communications.     

Router plugins: a software architecture for next-generation routers

Present-day Internet protocol routers typically employ monolithic operating systems that are not easily upgradable and extensible. With the rapid rate of protocol development it is becoming increasingly important to dynamically upgrade router software in an incremental fashion. We have designed and implemented a high-performance, modular, extended services router software architecture in the Net BSD operating system kernel. This architecture allows code modules, called plugins, to be dynamically added and configured at run time. One of the novel features of our design is the ability to bind different plugins to individual flows; this allows for distinct plugin implementations to seamlessly coexist in the same runtime environment. We achieve high performance through a carefully designed modular architecture, an innovative packet classification algorithm that is highly efficient, and by caching that exploits the flow-like characteristics of Internet traffic. Compared to a monolithic best effort kernel, our implementation requires an average increase in packet processing overhead of only 8%, or 600 cycles per packet when running on an Intel Pentium Pro at 233 MHz. By shortcutting the forward loop based on the per-flow state we establish, we can forward packets up to three times faster than the best effort kernel     

Adaptive online processor management algorithms for multimedia data communication with QoS sensitivity

Energy consumption has become an increasingly important consideration in many real‐time systems. Therefore, the design and analysis for energy‐efficient processor management techniques is an important and widely open research field. In this paper, I propose new online processor management algorithms to control heterogeneous multimedia services while maximizing energy efficiency. These online management algorithms—quality of service control, service request admission and scheduling algorithms—are combined in an integrated framework for higher system performance and energy efficiency. The most important feature of my proposed online framework is its adaptability, flexibility, and responsiveness to current system conditions. Simulation results clearly indicate the superior performance of my proposed framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于覆盖网的QoS问题研究综述

用覆盖网来进行QoS控制是一种十分有效的方法.覆盖网因其固有的优点,越来越得到研究者的重视:新应用的部署周期短,费用小,代价低.介绍了覆盖网的定义,应用必要性,并根据其进行QoS控制的状况进行了分类.重点研究了各种用于QoS控制的覆盖网,详细描述和分析了其思想,应用环境和优缺点.重点介绍了其体系结构和QoS路由算法,同时指出了目前的研究中过程所存在的问题,并对未来Qos问题的研究进行了展望.     

Provisioning multimedia wireless networks for better QoS: RRM strategies for 3G W-CDMA

Third-generation mobile communication systems will bring a wide range of new services with different quality of service requirements and will open the ability to exploit radio resource management functions to guarantee a certain target QoS, to maintain the planned coverage area and to offer a high-capacity while using the radio resources in an efficient way. RRM functions impact the overall system efficiency and the operator infrastructure cost, so they will definitively play an important role in a mature 3G scenario. In order to provide some insight into radio resource management (RRM) strategies implementation, a range of representative case-studies with several innovative algorithms are presented and supported by simulation results in a realistic UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network scenario as devised in the 3GGP standardization forum. In particular, a decentralized uplink transmission rate selection algorithm in the short term, a congestion control mechanism to cope with overload situations, and downlink scheduling for layered streaming video packets are proposed.     

面向统计QoS保障的多时间尺度接纳控制算法

采用在线测量的方法计算业务流的统计特性估计其突发水平以便选择合适的业务流模型。为了保障业务流的统计QoS,基于选定的业务流模型,通过有效带宽和有效包络的转换定理,获得多分形和自相似业务流的有效包络。然后,采用统计网络演算获得QoS参数进行接纳控制决策,并且通过选择接纳时机减小接纳控制本身对QoS的影响。仿真结果表明该算法能够准确地选择流模型,满足流模型的统计延迟要求,提高带宽利用率。     

A framework for dynamic SLA-based QoS control for UMTS

With the evolution of QoS-capable 3G wireless networks, the wireless community has been increasingly looking for a framework that can provide effective network-independent end-to-end QoS control. In this article we first construct such a framework and then describe how dynamic SLA-based control can be used to achieve end-to-end QoS in a wired and wireless (UMTS) environment. The proposed framework, which is an extension to the IST CADENUS project, offers effective wired-wireless QoS translation, efficient QoS control and management, and dynamic SLA policy-based QoS provisioning.     

Fault-tolerant control for automated highway systems

Increasing highway traffic congestion and real estate costs that limit the building of new highways has brought about a renewed interest in an automated highway system (AHS) where the vehicle steering task (“lateral control”) and the braking/throttle tasks (“longitudinal control”) are taken over by computers to increase the throughput of existing highways. Since safety plays a key role in the development of an AHS, fault-tolerant control is vital. In this paper, we develop a robust longitudinal sliding-mode control algorithm and prove that this control algorithm is stable for a certain class of faults. In addition, we show that intervehicle spacing errors will not become amplified along the AHS in the event of a loss of lead vehicle information. The performance of the sliding-mode controller is demonstrated through a series of simulations incorporating various vehicle and AHS faults     

Gearshift control for automated manual transmissions

A gearshift control strategy for modern automated manual transmissions (AMTs) with dry clutches is proposed. The controller is designed through a hierarchical approach by discriminating among five different AMT operating phases: engaged, slipping-opening, synchronization, go-to-slipping, and slipping-closing. The control schemes consist of decoupled and cascaded feedback loops based on measurements of engine speed, clutch speed, and throwout bearing position, and on estimation of the transmitted torque. Models of driveline, dry clutch, and controlled actuator are estimated on experimental data of a medium size gasoline car and used to check through simulations the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

一种基于分层结构的动态自适应QoS分布控制模型

针对目前IP网实施QoS控制的主要难点问题，本文提出了基于分层结构的动态自适应QoS分布控制模型。本模型借鉴了DiffServ模型中基于端结点的分布控制思想，采用动态自适应的流控机制，这使得本模型不仅具有可扩展性，而且对网络的动态性与异构性具有适应能力。此外，本模型还采用分层结构将基于网络技术、视频编码技术以及FEC容错技术QoS控制策略进行有机集成，在带宽受限的情况下能为媒体流传输提供较好的服务质量。本模型已成功地应用于多媒体同步实时授课系统RealClass中。     

IP QoS管理中基于监测的反馈控制方法

本文分析了IP网络QoS(Quality of Service)管理中的资源管理机制,并在此基础上提出了基于网络状态监测的反馈控制方法和3个反馈环路.通过对网络历史状态信息的采集分析,定期重新分配瓶颈链路的带宽和各链路流量类的带宽,可以提高业务的接纳率和网络的业务容量.该方法实现在一个基于CORBA的原型系统中.     

DRM博弈控制分析

提出了一种博弈控制模型。博弈的控制者是全局理性的,并依据控制目标来选择策略,迫使被控者依据个体理性原则选择控制者期望的策略,从而实现全局的优化控制。在此基础上,分析了DRM价值链实体的关系和行为,建立了DRM博弈控制模型,讨论了内容提供商如何作为博弈的控制者选择全局优化策略,以实现和用户之间稳定的互利共赢,为DRM的合理应用提供了理论指导。     

Admission control for cellular networks with direct QoS monitoring

This paper proposes an admission control algorithm for cellular networks based on the direct and dynamic monitoring of quality of services (QoS) performance metrics—both system delay tail and residual throughput. The main purpose of directly monitoring these QoS performance metrics is to more precisely meet the QoS requirements. The delay tail is efficiently estimated by the proposed algorithm and the total residual throughput is determined based on the total achieved throughput and total required throughput. With the estimated delay tails and measured residual throughput, the admission or rejection of a new user is determined at each base station. By doing so, the admission control algorithm improves resource utilization by guaranteeing the QoS. Additionally, the cellular system becomes more robust against the time-varying fading channel environment. The simulation results of the long term evolution downlink system show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a significant improvement in results compared to those of reference schemes. A general Neyman–Pearson-like framework is also used in evaluating the various admission control mechanisms.     

Admission control for statistical QoS: theory and practice

In networks that support quality of service, an admission control algorithm determines whether or not a new traffic flow can be admitted to the network such that all users will receive their required performance. Such an algorithm is a key component of future multiservice networks because it determines the extent to which network resources are utilized and whether the promised QoS parameters are actually delivered. The goals in this article are threefold. First, we describe and classify a broad set of proposed admission control algorithms. Second, we evaluate the accuracy of these algorithms via experiments using both on-off sources and long traces of compressed video; we compare the admissible regions and QoS parameters predicted by our implementations of the algorithms with those obtained from trace-driven simulations. Finally, we identify the key aspects of an admission control algorithm necessary for achieving a high degree of accuracy and hence a high statistical multiplexing gain     

通过有效的端系统动态资源管理实现QoS控制

本文试图采用全局观点，基于连续媒体活动模型，利用数学工具详细分析在保持端到端媒体服务质量前提下，建立高层的细粒度QoS控制技术－端系统动态资源管理来实现QoS控制，及其策略与算法，最后通过实验验证了管理策略的可行性。     

新的认知无线电功率控制博弈算法

针对认知无线电系统中各种用户通信需求,采用多载波的码分多址(MC-CDMA)认知无线电(CR)系统,研究如何克服认知用户对主用户干扰和通信中断问题,给出了一种认知用户切换策略,为实现认知频谱资源的有效分配,提出了一种新的认知无线电功率控制算法。仿真结果表明,该算法既满足不同种类用户SIR要求,又达到了系统吞吐量的提高,实现了对不同用户发射功率有效控制,系统性能明显提高。     

“TCP—friendly”的多媒体流分层传输QoS控制策略

针对目前Internet上多媒体流分层传输的QoS控制方案的不足,提出了一种基于接收者的TCP－friendly的QoS控制策略,它利用TCP吞吐量模型和“加强”了的RTCP协议,使接收者能灵活地计算并选择适合其自身能力的媒体传输质量,所设计的区分服务(DiffServ)体系结构下的ERIO机制为多媒体流的不同层次提供不同的转发质量,文中详细讨论了它的实现过程,并给出了计算机模拟测试结果。