混凝土多孔砖砌体弯曲抗拉强度试验研究

通过试验研究了混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度。试验和分析研究表明:混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度试验平均值要低于粘土实心砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度平均值,但要高于混凝土空心砌块砌体。还提出了混凝土多孔砖砌体的弯曲抗拉强度计算公式并通过对试验结果的线性回归分析确定了公式中的系数。     

非烧结多孔砖砌体强度估值模型及抗压强度研究

为了研究不同块型非烧结多孔砖砌体的抗压强度,通过试验研究,对Tasuji-Slate-Nilson破坏准则进行修正后,结合ANSYS有限元分析,得到了分析各种块型砌体抗压强度的理论模型。用该模型对各种块型砖砌体分析结果表明,块体原材料、几何尺寸和孔洞率对砌体抗压强度有明显的影响。在普通砖砌体抗压强度计算公式基础上,引入块型影响系数,得到了各种块型非烧结多孔砖砌体抗压强度计算公式。通过与493个蒸压灰砂多孔砖砌体、144个混凝土多孔砖砌体及30个蒸压粉煤灰多孔砖砌体抗压试验结果对比表明,计算公式的计算精度良好。     

混凝土多孔砖砌体受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

通过逆向加载的方式对混凝土多孔砖砌体的应力-应变曲线进行试验研究。分析了混凝土多孔砖砌体受压过程不同阶段的特征,并与普通砖砌体进行比较。试验表明,混凝土多孔砖砌体呈现出较普通砖砌体更为明显的脆性特征。提出了反映砌体受压应力-应变全曲线的本构关系,该本构关系包含了混凝土多孔砖砌体受压试验所表现出的几乎全部特征。     

烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体本构关系北大核心CSCD

为研究不同污泥掺量下烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体受压变形性能、抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量,建立本构关系,对用两种水泥砂浆和四种污泥掺量的烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌筑的36个试件进行轴压试验,实测了试件的应力-应变曲线、抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量。结果表明,烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体抗压强度和弹性模量随污泥掺量的增加而逐渐降低,并低于普通页岩烧结多孔砖,峰值应变与普通页岩烧结多孔砖相同。通过分析砌体受压破坏的过程和实测应力-应变曲线,结合砌体的力学损伤,将砌体损伤演化方程考虑为一个含初始损伤值的损伤函数,以此建立了砌体受压的本构关系模型。该模型所确定的烧结污泥多孔砖砌体的本构关系曲线不仅与试验数据吻合,还克服了已有本构关系的不足。对于不同材料的砌体,结合抗压试验确定模型中的相关参数,可得到相应的本构关系表达式。     

烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体本构关系

为研究不同污泥掺量下烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体受压变形性能、抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量,建立本构关系,对用两种水泥砂浆和四种污泥掺量的烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌筑的36个试件进行轴压试验,实测了试件的应力-应变曲线、抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量。结果表明,烧结污泥页岩多孔砖砌体抗压强度和弹性模量随污泥掺量的增加而逐渐降低,并低于普通页岩烧结多孔砖,峰值应变与普通页岩烧结多孔砖相同。通过分析砌体受压破坏的过程和实测应力-应变曲线,结合砌体的力学损伤,将砌体损伤演化方程考虑为一个含初始损伤值的损伤函数,以此建立了砌体受压的本构关系模型。该模型所确定的烧结污泥多孔砖砌体的本构关系曲线不仅与试验数据吻合,还克服了已有本构关系的不足。对于不同材料的砌体,结合抗压试验确定模型中的相关参数,可得到相应的本构关系表达式。     

基于差异演化的砌体结构动力检测

采用动力检测获得砌体结构低阶模态参数,结合差异演化算法对砌体结构层间刚度进行识别,并通过层间刚度与砌体轴心抗压强度的关系获得砌体结构的主要强度。数值算例表明,该方法简单高效,识别结果准确。可为既有砌体结构的性能检测提供一种新的方法。     

耐碱玻纤网格布加固多孔砖砌体的试验研究

耐碱玻纤网格布作为一种增强材料，可用于多孔砖砌体的加固。研究表明：采用2层耐碱玻纤网格布加固多孔砖砌体有较好的阻裂效果，且能明显提高多孔砖砌体的抗剪强度。分析影响加固试件抗剪强度的因素；提出用耐碱玻纤网格布加固多孔砖砌体的受剪承载力计算公式；为方便工程应用，提出了用耐碱玻纤网格布加固多孔砖砌体的施工要求。     

孔洞对多孔砖砌体抗压强度的影响及抗压强度取值

对多种类型的多孔砖砌体抗压强度的试验数据进行综合分析。分析结果认为,在相同条件下,页岩多孔砖砌体的强度是粘土多孔砖的1.25倍;同时考虑砖的尺寸和孔型时,P型圆孔多孔砖砌体抗压强度与M型矩形孔多孔砖的相同;多孔砖砌体抗压强度随着孔洞率的增加而减少。提出了考虑孔型、砖尺寸与孔洞率的孔洞率综合影响系数,并建立了考虑孔洞率综合影响系数和材料种类系数的P型圆孔与M型矩形孔多孔砖砌体抗压强度计算公式。     

混凝土多孔砖的砌体力学性能及应用

本文试验研究了混凝土多孔砖砌体力学性能。试验结构表明,当采用M10的混合砂浆砌筑MU15的多孔砖时,砌体轴心抗压强度、抗剪强度及通缝和齿缝弯曲抗拉强度均高于同强度等级的烧结多孔砖,且远高于《砌体结构设计规范》(GB50003—2001)中烧结多孔砖砌体的标准值和设计值要求。多项试点工程表明,除了因吸水率较小,粉刷掉灰相对较多外,其他性能均与烧结多孔砖相似。     

混凝土多孔砖砌体墙干燥收缩性能研究

对不同条件下混凝土多孔砖砌体墙进行连续60 d干燥收缩变形试验,分析了砌筑砂浆、龄期、混凝土多孔砖初始含水率、相对湿度和温度对混凝土多孔砖砌体墙收缩的影响,并提出了标准养护及非标准养护条件下混凝土多孔砖砌体墙收缩率估算公式,研究结果可为混凝土多孔砖在我国北方地区应用提供参考依据。     

基于模态刚度的预应力混凝土梁损伤识别方法研究

阐明了模态刚度在损伤识别研究中的重要意义,并对11根多级损伤状态的预应力混凝土梁进行动力试验研究。通过对梁模态分析发现,由于噪音污染等多种因素的影响,仅凭各梁实测模态刚度数值的直观分析很难对梁的多级损伤状态进行有效的识别。为此,提出了以模态刚度变化率为损伤指标的BP神经网络和PNN神经网络的损伤识别方法,并利用实测数据验证所提方法的实用性。研究表明,两种神经网络分类器识别方法均能够有效应用于实际中,且具有很高的损伤识别精度,为结构损伤识别方法研究提供了新思路。     

一种基于冲击响应的装配式板梁桥铰接缝病害动力评估方法

提出一种基于冲击响应频响函数和模型修正理论的装配式板梁桥铰接缝病害动力评估方法。将铰接缝整体平均刚度作为待识别变量,以特定频率段内的频响函数相关性指数构造目标函数,改进既有的有限元模型修正技术,从而实现对病害铰接缝的定位以及损伤程度的定量识别。数值分析结果表明：利用文中所提方法可实现对全桥多个铰接缝不同程度病害的同步识别,且计算效率高;所提方法抗噪能力较强,可保证收敛到全局最优解;冲击荷载施加位置和测点布置位置对病害识别结果影响较小。对某装配式板梁桥进行现场动力试验,更新改造前后评估结果与桥梁实际状态相符,从而从实际应用角度证明所提方法的可靠性和实用性。     

Physical Parameter Identification of Structural Systems with Hysteretic Pinching

This research investigates the physical parameter identification of a nonlinear hysteretic structure with pinching behavior for real‐time or rapid structural health monitoring (SHM) after a major seismic event. The identification procedure is based on the overall least squares linear regression and hypothesis testing. It is applied to a general, nonlinear slip‐lock (SL) pinching model. In particular, the hysteresis loop is reconstructed using data available from current sensor technologies. The path dependent hysteresis response is first divided into different loading and unloading subhalf cycles with a single valued function. These subhalf cycles are then assumed to be piecewise linear, and the number of segments for each subhalf cycle is identified using the sup F type test. The overall least squares linear regression is finally applied to the identified subhalf cycles to compute the regression coefficients and breakpoints that yield the elastic stiffness, plastic stiffness, and cumulative plastic deformation. The performance and robustness of the proposed method is illustrated using a single degree of freedom shear‐type reinforced concrete structure with 10% added root mean square noise and variable pinching behavior. The proposed method is shown to be computationally efficient and accurate in identifying the damage parameters within 10% of true values. These results indicate that the system is able to capture nonlinear behavior and structural parameters, such as preyielding stiffness, postyielding stiffness and cumulative plastic deformation, directly relevant to damage and performance using a computationally efficient and simple method. Finally, the method requires no user input and could thus be automated and performed in real time for each half cycle, with results available effectively immediately after an event, as well as during an event, if required.     

Damage identification of a tunnel liner based on deformation data

A new system identification approach based on tunnel deformation data is proposed to find the damage in the tunnel liner. For this, an inverse problem in which deformation data and dead load of concrete lining are known a priori is introduced to estimate the degree and location of the damage. Models based on uniform reduction of stiffness and smeared crack concept are both employed and the efficiency and relative advantage are compared with each other. Numerical analyses are performed on the idealized tunnel structure and the effect of white noise, common in most measurement data, is also investigated to better understand the suitability of the proposed models. As a result, model 1 based on uniform stiffness reduction method is shown to be relatively insensitive to the noise, while model 2 with the smeared crack concept is proven to be easily applied to the field situation since the effect of stiffness reduction is rather small. Finally, real deformation data of a rail tunnel in which health monitoring system is in operation are introduced to find the possible damage and it is shown that the prediction shows quite satisfactory result.     

Noncontact Operational Modal Analysis of Structural Members by Laser Doppler Vibrometer

Abstract:   A system that uses ambient vibration and two laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is developed for noncontact operational modal analysis of structural members. The system employs natural excitation technique (NExT) to generate the cross-correlation functions from laser signals, and the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) to identify modal parameters of structural members. To facilitate simultaneous modal identification, time-synchronization technique and construction of cross-correlation functions from ambient response of laser signals are proposed. Performance of the proposed system is verified experimentally by evaluating the consistency and accuracy of identification results in different measurement conditions. The work presented here is an extension of the previous study, where a modal-based damage detection method using LDV was formulated. In the present study, application of LDV for structural parameters identification of a combined dynamical system is proposed. A model that represents the connection properties in terms of additional stiffness and damping is developed, and its importance for structural damage detection is discussed. The study shows that the presence of simulated damage in a steel connection can be detected by tracking the modal phase difference and by quantifying the additional stiffness and damping .     

Structural parameter identification and damage detection for a steel structure using a two-stage finite element model updating method

A two-stage eigensensitivity-based finite element (FE) model updating procedure is developed for structural parameter identification and damage detection for the IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark steel structure on the basis of ambient vibration measurements. In the first stage, both the weighted least squares and Bayesian estimation methods are adopted for the identification of the connection stiffness of beam-column joints and Young’s modulus of the structure; then the damage detection is conducted via the FE model updating procedure for detecting damaged braces with different damage patterns of the structure. Comparisons between the FE model updated results and the experimental data show that the eigensensitivity-based FE model updating procedure is an effective tool for structural parameter identification and damage detection for steel frame structures.     

木材非线性受力行为的表征方法研究进展

木材非线性受力行为的表征方法对木结构构件和节点受力行为的有限元分析具有至关重要的影响。为此,从木材失效行为的判别依据和材料本构模型两方面对该领域的研究进展进行了梳理总结。结果表明,已有的强度准则各有其局限,难以全面地反映木材复杂的失效行为。在数值模拟中常需要结合不同强度准则以提高预测模型的计算精度。弹塑性本构模型能够合理反映木材在压应力作用下的硬化行为,并且能够描述木材出现的残余变形,但该模型难以描述木材在拉应力和剪应力作用下的刚度退化和强度软化行为。弹性损伤理论可在一定程度上反映材料的软化行为和反复加载过程中的刚度退化行为,但该理论不能考虑材料的塑性变形。基于上述理论建立的黏聚区单元的初始刚度和相邻单元长度对计算结果具有显著的影响。三维弹塑性损伤模型已经被应用于木结构构件和螺栓连接节点的有限元分析中,此类模型能有效反映构件和节点区域木材的损伤演化规律。随机损伤本构模型和非局部化损伤模型是未来的发展趋势。     

高温下钢筋混凝土梁损伤识别研究

以动力损伤识别理论和火灾损伤识别理论为基础,针对火灾损伤特点引入了横观各向同性梁,同时考虑到简支梁刚度与弹性模量、中性轴和配筋率的关系,建立了火灾下钢筋混凝土简支梁的自由振动方程及其解析解。提出了以刚度为转换变量、以频率为指纹参数的识别损伤的新方法,并利用ABAQUS有限元软件对其进行了模拟验证,得出理论与模拟具有高度一致性。     

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Damage Identification Results Obtained Using Finite Element Model Updating

Abstract: A full‐scale seven‐story reinforced concrete shear wall building structure was tested on the UCSD‐NEES shake table in the period October 2005–January 2006. The shake table tests were designed so as to damage the building progressively through several historical seismic motions reproduced on the shake table. A sensitivity‐based finite element (FE) model updating method was used to identify damage in the building. The estimation uncertainty in the damage identification results was observed to be significant, which motivated the authors to perform, through numerical simulation, an uncertainty analysis on a set of damage identification results. This study investigates systematically the performance of FE model updating for damage identification. The damaged structure is simulated numerically through a change in stiffness in selected regions of a FE model of the shear wall test structure. The uncertainty of the identified damage (location and extent) due to variability of five input factors is quantified through analysis‐of‐variance (ANOVA) and meta‐modeling. These five input factors are: (1–3) level of uncertainty in the (identified) modal parameters of each of the first three longitudinal modes, (4) spatial density of measurements (number of sensors), and (5) mesh size in the FE model used in the FE model updating procedure (a type of modeling error). A full factorial design of experiments is considered for these five input factors. In addition to ANOVA and meta‐modeling, this study investigates the one‐at‐a‐time sensitivity analysis of the identified damage to the level of uncertainty in the identified modal parameters of the first three longitudinal modes. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the level of confidence in the damage identification results obtained through FE model updating, is a function of not only the level of uncertainty in the identified modal parameters, but also choices made in the design of experiments (e.g., spatial density of measurements) and modeling errors (e.g., mesh size). Therefore, the experiments can be designed so that the more influential input factors (to the total uncertainty/variability of the damage identification results) are set at optimum levels so as to yield more accurate damage identification results.     

框架结构中楼梯的抗侧刚度分析

震害表明,框架结构中的楼梯会发生梯板拉断,梯梁剪断的破坏现象。通过对楼梯抗侧刚度的分析,采用等效刚度的方式,在整体模型中利用斜杆考虑楼梯的抗侧力作用,获得地震作用下梯板及梯梁的附加内力,从而对梯板及梯梁进行当的加强处理,防止楼梯震害的发生。