中心城区垃圾转运站渗滤液处理技术探讨

中心城区垃圾转运站在垃圾压缩过程中会产生渗滤液,其特点是渗滤液水量小、水质复杂、水量波动大,出水一般执行CJ 343-2010标准。常规"预处理+厌氧+膜生物反应器+纳滤/反渗透"组合工艺虽然可保证出水水质达标,但无法适应中心城区垃圾转运站占地面积小、周边建筑密集、环境敏感点多的特点。针对上述问题,推荐采用"预处理+HBR(高负荷生化反应器)+MBR(膜生物反应器)"的新型组合工艺处理垃圾转运站渗滤液,保障出水水质达到接管标准。     

珠海西坑尾垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理二期工程设计

珠海西坑尾垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理二期工程采用了中温厌氧(UASB)+膜生化反应系统(MBR,含两级硝化反硝化)+膜深度处理(纳滤/反渗透)主体工艺,浓缩液采用"高级氧化"处理工艺,污泥采用污泥减量化+脱水干化处理工艺。介绍了工程的设计参数并分析了设计特点与流程,处理出水水质能够稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)及广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB 44/26-2001)的控制出水水质要求。通过优化设计工艺达到低能耗高效率处理垃圾渗滤液并解决了浓缩液和污泥二次污染的问题。     

循环移动载体膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

采用好氧循环移动载体膜反应器处理模拟印染废水。试验结果表明,该反应器对模拟印染废水有很好的处理效果,出水水质稳定。COD_(Cr)平均去除率达到96.3%,色度平均去除率达到85%,氨氮平均去除率达到91.8%。当进水COD_(Cr)<2500mg/L时,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级排放标准。并就膜污染和膜清洗问题进行了分析。     

不同季节下人工湿地去除二级生化尾水效能研究

采用"垂直流-水平流"潜流湿地组合工艺对化工园区污水处理厂二级生化尾水进行处理,研究了在不同季节下该组合工艺对尾水污染物去除效果。试验结果表明:组合人工湿地在夏季、秋季时处理效果良好,COD出水浓度可达到19.48mg/L,氨氮出水浓度为0.45mg/L,总氮出水浓度为1.54mg/L,总磷出水浓度为0.015mg/L,出水标准可达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—83)》Ⅳ类排放标准。     

沈阳市老虎冲生活垃圾渗滤液全量处理工艺设计

沈阳市老虎冲生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程采用了均化池+膜生化反应器(MBR)+纳滤(NF)+反渗透(RO)主工艺,纳滤浓缩液和反渗透浓缩液分别采用减量化处理和MVR蒸发处理系统处理。工艺处理出水水质能够稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)及辽宁省地方标准《污水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627-2008)的控制出水水质要求,通过优化设计工艺,实现了浓缩液全量处理和渗滤液处理项目的“零排放”。     

序批式生物膜反应器深度处理垃圾渗滤液

随着垃圾渗滤液排放标准的提高,常规的生化处理已经不能使出水达标排放,需要进行深度处理;采用双膜法处理,不仅投资与运行费用高,而且产生的浓缩液更加难以处理,甚至不得不采用蒸发的方法处理,采用药剂清洗膜产生的废水会对环境造成二次污染.为此考察了在SBBR反应器中,运用共代谢原理对采用UASB/SBR/混凝氧化处理后的出水进行强化处理,达到国家排放标准的技术可行性,通过大量试验对反应参数进行了优化.试验结果显示:采用这种新型工艺后, SBBR反应器内的生物量和微生物种类均得到了较大幅度的增加,传质条件也得到了明显改善;进水的COD_(Cr)为150～250 mg/L,出水的COD_(Cr)<100 mg/L,去除率>60%,出水水质达到了<生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008)排放标准.     

沈阳市大辛垃圾场积存渗沥液应急处理项目设计

沈阳市大辛生活垃圾卫生填埋场积存渗沥液应急处理工程采用"软化+两级碟管式反渗透(DTRO)+高压反渗透(HPRO)+深度处理(离子交换)",浓缩液处理采用"二段式浸没燃烧蒸发处理"。该工艺适应积存的老龄化垃圾渗沥液的特点,设计出水水质达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,膜处理和蒸发处理优势互补,最终实现了渗沥液的全量处理。     

研究生论文摘要

一体式膜 生物反应器处理医院污水的应用研究硕士生 :丁杭军　导师 :文湘华　杨国昌(清华大学环境科学与工程系　 10 0 0 84)本文开展了一体式膜 生物反应器处理医院污水的工程应用研究。研究内容包括反应器的启动特征、长期运行稳定性、反应器内微生物特性、膜污染规律以及膜清洗方法等。研究结果表明 ,应用一体式膜 生物反应器工艺处理医院污水在技术上是可行的 ,系统已稳定运行 2 40ｄ ,出水始终稳定良好 ,ＣＯＤ <30ｍｇ/Ｌ ,ＮＨ3-Ｈ <1 5ｍｇ/Ｌ ,浊度 <4ＮＴＵ ,出水无色无味 ,大大优于建设部颁发的《医院污水排放标准》。膜 生…     

冷轧综合废水的再生与回用

采取微滤、超滤、反渗透为主体的集成膜工艺处理冷轧综合废水,工艺中融合磁过滤技术和生化处理技术,强化膜前的预处理工艺,对膜污染进行了有效的防治.利用生活污水以废制废,出水水质达到<城市污水再生利用工业用水水质>(GB/T 19923-2005)标准.整个工艺形成了废水的排放、处理、回用的资源循环链,体现了废水处理与生态治污相结合的理念.     

MBR工艺处理城镇污水处理厂污泥水中试研究

将平板膜组件与传统脱氮除磷工艺相结合,构建了膜生物反应器强化生物脱氮除磷中试系统,并用于处理城镇污水处理厂的污泥系统废水。结果表明,出水CODCr、BOD5、NH3—N、TN和TP的平均浓度分别为70.8 mg/L、8.7 mg/L、15.1 mg/L、29.7 mg/L和0.38 mg/L,达到或接近了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级标准。     

Role of plume dynamics phase in a deepwater oil and gas release model

Offshore exploration and production of oil and gas have increased significantly in the last decade. Computer models are used in emergency response, contingency planning, and impact assessment to simulate the behavior of oil and gas if accidentally released from a well, pipeline, or ship. There are two types of models used for this purpose-models that have both plume dynamics stage and the advection diffusion stage and models that are of simplified nature that has only the advection diffusion stage. This paper compares both types of models and shows what information are similar and what are different and under what conditions. The paper also examines in detail about different criteria that can be used as the transition point (TLPD) from plume dynamics stage to advection diffusion stage. Key findings of the paper are that except for slow leaks the two types of models give different results for surfacing time and location. This is important because sometimes the two models may show profiles that correspond to different times to be similar in shape. The present parametric study suggests that the transition point for TLPD can be based on the buoyant oil droplet velocity corresponding to the median oil droplet size.     

Fate and transport of oil in sediment laden marine waters

Spilled oil when present in sediment-enriched waters, is known to interact with sediments. Oil droplets form aggregates with sediments due to collision and dissolved oil partitions (absorption and adsorption) into sediments due to capillarity and surfactant ions. This may change the fate and transport of both oil and sediments. Interaction with sediments acts as a natural oil removal process. This has been recognized as a crucial component in developing oil spill countermeasures. However, no comprehensive models are currently available to describe the process. This paper presents a novel numerical model developed to simulate oil-sediment interaction and transport in near-shore waters. The present model simulates, oil and sediment transport, oil-sediment aggregate (OSA) formation, oil partitioning into sediments, and sediment aggregation. The critical information provided by the model such as the fraction of oil removed due to sediment interaction would be useful in developing oil spill countermeasures.The model results are compared with the limited data from laboratory experiments and show a good agreement. Scenario simulations showed that up to 65% of released oil may be removed from the water column as OSAs. They further showed that when oil droplets and sediment particles are smaller (less than 0.1 mm), the amount of OSAs formed is higher. According to the scenario simulations, the amount of oil partitioned into sediments is 4–5 orders of magnitude smaller than the amount of OSAs formed.     

峡江水电站灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组受油器安装

本文介绍了灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组受油器的作用、结构、经常出现的事故以及发生事故的原因,以峡江水电站机组为例,对受油器的安装流程、安装工艺、间隙检查调整、盘车摆度检查调整等作了具体介绍,并提出了几点建议,仅供参考.     

Fractioning of petroleum hydrocarbons from seeped oil as a factor of purity preservation of water in Lake Baikal (Russia)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes were found in five different types of oil-containing samples emanating from deep oil seeps in Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest lake in the world containing 20% of the world’s surface freshwater. The n-alkanes were the dominant component of the seeped oil on the water surface. PAHs were minor compounds of the oil, but this group is included in a priority series of organic contaminants that are subject to environmental regulation. The set of studied samples from the seep included: (i) freshly-emitted oil on the lake surface, (ii) oil at the lake bottom, (iii) samples of asphalt towers at the lake bottom, (iv) oil from voids within the sediment core and (v) samples of water from different depths. High variability in the concentrations of n-alkanes and PAHs suggested the presence of oil fractionation at the sediment-water interface. A light fraction of oil enriched by n-alkanes migrates to the surface of the lake’s water column, where n-alkanes are biodegraded by the Baikal microbial community while heavy oil fractions remain at the lake bottom and form asphalt towers in which PAHs with maximum toxicity accumulate. In the lake’s photic water layer, PAHs from light oil can be accumulated by phytoplankton. In the lake’s water column, benzo[a]pyrene was not detected over their detection limit (0.1 ng/L). The Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) value of PAHs identified in the Baikal water ranged from 0.001 to 0.012 ng/L.     

洗车废水中乳化油去除的应用研究

洗车废水中的油类主要以乳化油的方式存在,增加了洗车废水回用处理的难度。采用混 凝沉淀-过滤-活性炭吸附过滤-超滤的物理化学方法对这种含油废水进行处理,试验表明当PAC 投加量在50-70 mg／L时油在混凝过程中的去除率最高,可达到40％。陶砂过滤的滤速以5-8 m／h 为宜,去除率在40％左右。粒状活性炭虽对洗车废水中的洗涤剂有着较好的去除效果,但对油类的 去除效果不佳,去除率不足10％。超滤可以很好的去除水中的乳化油,去除率高达90％以上,是除 油的理想工艺。     

大连新港含油废水处理改造工程实例

介绍了大连新港含油废水处理厂的改造工程。两年的稳定运行表明 ,采用除油罐 -预曝气斜管隔油池 -贮水调节池 -生物滤池工艺处理含油废水 ,在废水含油量为 10 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,最终处理出水含油量小于 5mg/L。预曝气斜管隔油池具有气浮和强化重力分离的双重作用 ,表面负荷可达 4m3/ (m2 ·h) ,除油效率高。改造工程总投资 15 3 4万元 ,盘活了 2个 5 0 0 0m3的贮水罐(资产 12 0 0万元 )和原斜板隔油池的占地 5 0 0m2 。     

下苇甸水电站油压装置控制系统改造

介绍了下苇甸水电站油压装置控制系统的组成、改造情况及运行状况。     

超滤处理油田采出水的膜污染特征及清洗

利用色质联机对超滤处理油田采出水膜污染物质进行分析,发现烷烃类等石油原油中常见物质是膜的主要污染物。试验表明,常规水力清洗可使滤饼层大部分脱落,但对膜过滤性能的恢复效果较差,而碱洗对膜过滤性能的恢复作用显著,但单一的碱洗并不能清除所有的污染物,而碱洗和酸洗联合能有效降低膜污染。此外还对膜洗脱液进行了分析,并探讨了清洗机理。     

SBR法处理煤化工废水中石油烃类的试验研究

采用序批式(SBR)活性污泥法处理煤化工废水.通过分析不同周期、进水浓度、pH、温度、DO与处理效果之间的关系,确定了SBR法处理煤化工废水的的最佳运行参数.试验结果表明,在SBR处理周期为24 h的条件下,进水CODCr为1200～1400 mg/L,石油烃类为50～70 mg/L,pH为6.8～7.1,DO为3.5 mg/L左右,温度约为25℃时,该工艺对CODCr和石油烃类去除效果较好,去除率分别为85％和76％.该工艺具有投资少、操作简单、运行费用低等特点.     

仪征-长岭原油管道沿线水土保持竣工验收评估

针对仪征-长岭原油管道沿线水土流失特点，在其进行水土保持技术评估前，建设、监理、监测和施工单位认真进行准备，在技术评估过程中，积极配合评估单位进行技术评估，最后进行了经验总结。