大型抽水蓄能电站发电电动机效率试验分析

介绍了通过量热法测量发电电动机的各部分损耗,并通过测量输出或出入的有功功率,计算求得发电电动机效率的方法。通过现场试验检验抽水蓄能发电机效率特点。     

开垦河流域近50年降水、径流变化趋势分析

本文利用M-K趋势分析检验法、累积距平法和滑动平均法对新疆昌吉地区开垦河流域开垦河水文站1960-2009年逐月、年降水、径流资料进行统计分析,来研究开垦河流域降水、径流的变化趋势。结果表明:1960年以来开垦河流域降水、径流均呈现增加的趋势。月降水量M-K检验中,呈正趋势变化的2、3月降水量通过99%显著性检验,4、5月通过90%显著性检验,说明2-5月降水量增加趋势尤为明显;呈负趋势变化的月份未能通过任何显著性检验。年降水量M-K统计值通过95%显著性检验,说明自1960年以来,年降水呈明显增加的趋势。月平均径流量M-K检验中,呈正趋势变化的5月平均径流量通过95%显著性检验,4月平均径流量通过90%显著性检验;呈负趋势变化的11月平均径流量通过90%显著性检验。年径流量M-K统计值呈正趋势变化,但未通过显著性检验。说明开垦河站自1960年以来,4、5月径流量增加明显,11月径流量减少明显,而年径流表现为缓慢增加的趋势。     

辽宁地区水稻节水灌溉的研究

本文通过在台安径流实验站对辽宁省六大灌区的土壤进行节水灌溉试验。对实验目的、布设及方法原理进行了详细阐述,通过试验数据了解和掌握了水稻的需水规律。通过试验掌握了节水灌溉的方法及节水灌溉的特点,通过实验数据分析计算,掌握了水稻的需水量是叶面蒸腾量和水面蒸发量及田间渗漏量之和,节水灌溉通过减少田间渗漏量及减少水稻滕发量来实现的。通过节水灌溉与淹水灌溉的实验对比,得出节水灌溉不但可以减少灌溉水量285.4mm,还可以增产30.1kg/亩,节水增产效果明显。这为以后辽宁地区发展水稻节水灌溉提供理论依据。     

哈尔滨市水资源利用与保障

通过对哈尔滨市水资源总量及其分布、哈尔滨市水资源开发利用现状的了解,根据哈尔滨市蓄水量预测和可供水量预测,通过哈尔滨市的供需平衡分析可知,哈尔滨市缺水的重点地区在哈尔滨市区,通过加大节水的力度和外调水量基本可以解决。其它地区的缺水,通过采取节水措施及利用过境水基本可以解决。     

潘家口水库洪水预报误差分布研究

以误差分析的概括分布指数分布为基础,通过解析拟合来研究洪水预报误差的分布规律。通过计算认为潘家口水库入库洪水预报误差近似属于正态分布,并通过了柯尔莫哥洛夫法检验。在此基础上对预报结果进行了误差修正。     

基于GPRS的水情自动化采集系统研究

基于GPRS技术的水情自动化采集系统应用GSM网络,在观测点利用GSM无线模块和水文数字化仪器,通过GSM网络发送和接收数据。在SMS接入计算机中,通过Winsocket建立网络接口,使其他客户端通过GIS显示和管理水文数据。     

石佛寺水库“8.16”暴雨洪水分析

文章通过对石佛寺水库"8.16"暴雨洪水进行了分析,通过对降雨、洪水、洪水预报与调度,并且通过和水库2010年汛期6场次暴雨洪水的比较,总结了水库防汛调度方面的经验,为水库今后的防汛调度工作提供参考。     

三参数幂函数在水位—流量关系曲线中的应用

利用规划求解的方法,通过三参数幂函数来拟合水位~流量关系曲线,虽然拟合精度较高,但在低水处误差较大,定线精度不够好,有的甚至不能通过关系曲线检验。作者通过分段拟合关系曲线,并将涉及参数通过归纳解析的方法,将参数从常数转变成与水位相对应的系列参数,最后利用三参数幂函数公式求得流量,建立单一水位~流量关系曲线,提高了拟合精度。     

填料床渗流计算的二元模型

基于多重介质理论,建立了填料床二元渗流计算模型,认为填料床的渗流具有二元性质:其一,水通过多孔材料颗粒之间的分析流动,渗流通畅,流速较大;其二,水通过多孔材料颗粒内的孔隙渗流,渗流不甚通畅,流速较慢。二元模型描述了这种差别,并得出了通过二者渗流流量的比值。认为多孔材料的孔隙率大于0.6时,通过多孔材料的流量占总流量的比例接近30%。     

浅析水轮发电机组常见的振动原因及处理方法

本文通过对小型水轮发电机组常见振动原因,通过实践总结,加以分析,为发电生产运行提供了借鉴。     

Optimal Long-term Operation of Reservoir-river Systems under Hydrologic Uncertainties: Application of Interval Programming

Long-term basin-wide reservoir-river operation optimization problems are usually complex and nonlinear especially when the water quality issues and hydrologic uncertainties are incorporated. It is due to non-convex functions in water quality modeling and a large number of computational iterations required by most of stochastic programming methods. The computational burden of uncertainty modeling can be reduced by a special combination of uncertainty modeling and interval programming, though the problem solution is still a challenge due to model nonlinearity. In this paper, an integrated water quantity-quality model is developed for optimal water allocation at river-basin scale. It considers water supply and quality targets as well as hydrologic, water quality and water demand uncertainties within the nonlinear interval programming (NIP) framework to minimize the slacks in water supply and quality targets during a long-term planning horizon. A fast iterative linear programming (ILP) method is developed to convert the NIP into a linear interval programming (LIP). The ILP resolves two challenges in NIP, first converting the large non-linear programming (NLP) into a linear programming (LP) with minimum approximation and second reducing the iterations needed in interval programming for NLP into just two iterations for the upper and lower limits of decision variables. This modeling approach is applied to the Zayandehrood river basin in Iran that has serious water supply and pollution problems. The results show that in this river basin at dry conditions when available surface water resources are below 85 % of normal hydrologic state and water demands are 115 % of current water demands, the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration can be reduced by 50 % at the inlet of the Gavkhuni wetland located downstream of the river basin.     

水利工程中运输问题的计算机简化解法及探讨

水利工程中需要调配大量的物资,要得到最优的物资运输方案,需进行复杂的线性规划计算,多次迭代,往往耗费大量的时间,通过对“线性规划”数学模型的分析,详细说明了如何利用Excel软件的规划求解功能来解决运输问题及其他相关的数学规划问题。     

三峡梯级水库日优化调度模型及应用

通过仔细分析梯级水库日优化调度的数学模型，提出了一种基于二维动态规划和离散微分动态规划相结合的混合求解策略，该策略理论上严谨，计算时间比较短，能满足日常调度的需要。并针对三峡—葛洲坝梯级水电系统进行仿真计算，结果表明该方法是有效的。     

县级水利工程信息化管理及软件研发

以县级小型水利工程数字化为研究对象,研究信息特点及软件开发中的关键技术,如AutoCAD环境下ObjectARX及VLISP二次开发编程、与外部通用数据库Access连接及应用、SQL编程等技术,解决小型水利工程基础采集数据的入库与入图及准确性验证,水工建筑物CAD工程图查询,数据统一更新等问题,实现对县级小型水利工程的文字与图形信息的有效管理,同时,对CAD数据向地理信息系统Map转换问题进行初步探索.所研发的县级小型水利工程信息化管理系统软件,实用性较强且使用方便     

多水源多用户大型水资源系统优化模型

本文提出一种将水资源系统顺序决策问题转换成有约束非线性优化问题的实用模型——模拟权重系数模型。以具有多水源、多用户、多级串并联性质的宁波城市供水区水资源系统为研究对象，通过与采用模拟法和多维增量动态规划法(MDDDP)相结合的“混合模型”之成果进行对比，表明模拟权重系数模型具有方法简便、成果明瞭之优点。     

A Two-Step Infinite α-Cuts Fuzzy Linear Programming Method in Determination of Optimal Allocation Strategies in Agricultural Irrigation Systems

A two-step infinite α-cuts fuzzy linear programming (TSIFP) method is developed in this study. The introduction of infinite α-cuts to conventional fuzzy linear programming frameworks makes it possible to generate more reliable optimal results than conventional fuzzy linear programming, where finite α-cuts were assumed to be sufficient in representing all fuzzy information of the membership functions. In contrast to the previous studies, the proposed TSIFP can be noted as the first attempt in solving FLP without any unreasonable simplification and assumption. An agricultural irrigation system is then provided for demonstrating its applicability. The results show that reasonable solutions and allocation strategies are obtained. As a typical finite α-cuts fuzzy linear programming method, fuzzy robust linear programming (FRLP) is further considered to solve the same problem; results from this method are then compared with those from TSIFP. It is indicated that, due to the constraints being relaxed in FRLP, more water beyond the system’s capacity would be over-allocated for pursuing higher system benefits, implying the unreliability of FRLP in being extended to real-world practices. Two scenario analyses under different α-level cutting means for FRLP are also investigated.     

水电站短期优化调度类库的设计

采用面向对象的程序设计方法，基于作者和前人在水电站短期优化调度科研领域的理论成果，以大量的工程实例为背景，抽象出水电站短期优化调度系统的基本特征，设计出了可高度反映水电站短期优化调度系统特征的类层次结构，并借助于C＋＋程序设计语言开发出了一套可重用的基础类库。实践证明，利用该类库进行软件开发可大大提高水电站优化调度程序的可移植性、可扩充性、易维护性，有效地提高了水利软件开发的效率和质量。     

一种集成于PDA的非充分灌溉决策系统

为了将非充分灌溉理论应用到实际中,研制了集成于PDA的非充分灌溉决策系统。本系统的决策模型采用基于Jensen水分生产函数的动态规划模型和基于Stewart水分生产函数的线性规划模型。本系统是以PDA为硬件平台,用EVC 4.0开发的专用系统,与PC机相比,它具有专用性强、体积小、重量轻、价格低、操作简便等优点,方便了农业灌溉的技术与管理人员进行灌溉决策。为保证系统的实用和稳定,在技术上做了优化,并以山西潇河试验站的夏玉米为例,对系统进行了验证。     

松涛灌区渠道梯级电站优化调度研究与应用

松涛水利工程管理局在松涛灌区（东干）渠道上建立的5座梯级电站由于地理位置分散,渠道调节性能差,发电效益不高,综合利用部门之间的矛盾突出。为此,对松涛灌区渠道梯级电站进行优化调度研究,以现代控制论、动态规划法为基础,根据动态规划理论,求解适合渠道梯级电站优化运行方式,并开展渠道梯级电站联合优化调度应用的探索,实践证明,松涛灌区梯级电站优化调度后效益显著。     

Deriving Reservoir Refill Operating Rules by Using the Proposed DPNS Model

The dynamic programming neural-network simplex (DPNS) model, which is aimed at making some improvements to the dynamic programming neural-network (DPN) model, is proposed and used to derive refill operating rules in reservoir planning and management. The DPNS model consists of three stages. First, the training data set (reservoir optimal sequences of releases) is searched by using the dynamic programming (DP) model to solve the deterministic refill operation problem. Second, with the training data set obtained, the artificial neural network (ANN) model representing the operating rules is trained through back-propagation (BP) algorithm. These two stages construct the standard DPN model. The third stage of DPNS is proposed to refine the operating rules through simulation-based optimization. By choosing maximum the hydropower generation as objective function, a nonlinear programming technique, Simplex method, is used to refine the final output of the DPN model. Both the DPNS and DPN models are used to derive operating rules for the real time refill operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) for the year of 2007. It is shown that the DPNS model can improve not only the probability of refill but also the mean hydropower generation when compare with that of the DPN model. It's recommended that the objective function of ANN approach for deriving refill operating rules should maximize the yield or minimize the loss, which can be computed from reservoir simulation during the refill period, rather than to fit the optimal data set as well as possible. And the derivation of optimal or near-optimal operating rules can be carried out effectively and efficiently using the proposed DPNS model.