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以二溴甲烷和硫氰酸钠为原料,乙醇-水为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为相转移催化剂合成了二硫氰基甲烷。通过选择催化剂种类,探讨了催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和乙醇-水溶液浓度对收率的影响。适宜的工艺条件为:n(二溴甲烷):n(硫氰酸钠)=1:2.7,反应温度70℃,反应时间5h,15%的乙醇-水溶液,催化剂R的用量为0.35g,反应收率为74%。 相似文献
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以活性炭负载浓硫酸作为固体催化剂,以乙苯与氯化苄为原料进行合成反应,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量对反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:即n(乙苯)∶n(氯化苄)=3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间8h,催化剂用量为13.2%(相对于氯化苄),邻苄基乙苯产率29.9%;n(乙苯)∶n(氯化苄)=3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间9h,催化剂用量18.4%(相对于氯化苄),对苄基乙苯产率40.1%;n(乙苯)∶n(氯化苄)=3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间7h,催化剂用量18.4%(相对于氯化苄),间苄基乙苯产率8.1%。 相似文献
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二硫化二苯并噻唑的催化合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以2-巯基苯并噻唑和氨水为原料,双氧水作氧化剂,经催化剂A进行催化,合成了二硫化二苯并噻唑。通过考察催化剂种类、催化剂用量、氨水用量、物料配比、反应时间和反应温度对产率的影响,得出适宜的工艺条件为:选用催化剂A,用量为2-巯基苯并噻唑的1%,氨的加入量为n(2-巯基苯并噻唑)∶n(氨水)=1∶6.0,双氧水用量为n(2-巯基苯并噻唑)∶n(双氧水)=2∶1.2,反应时间3 h,反应温度50℃。在此条件下,二硫化二苯并噻唑的产率为90.7%,熔点为165.3~168.7℃。二硫化二苯并噻唑粗品通过甲苯进行一次重结晶后,熔点可达173.6~175℃。 相似文献
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以1,3-丙二醇和二氯亚砜为原料、高碘酸钾为氧化剂,在催化剂三氯化钌催化下合成1,3,2-二氧硫杂环己烷-2,2-二氧化物。用红外吸收光谱和核磁共振氢谱对1,3,2-二氧硫杂环己烷-2,2-二氧化物的结构进行了表征。对反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、氧化剂种类和氧化剂用量进行了优化。得到较优的操作条件为:反应温度40℃,反应时间60 min,1,3-丙二醇60 mmol,原料摩尔比n(二氯亚砜)∶n(1,3-丙二醇)=1.2∶1,催化剂用量为1,3-丙二醇质量的0.15%,m(高碘酸钾)∶m(1,3-丙二醇)=0.3∶1,在该条件下1,3,2-二氧硫杂环己烷-2,2-二氧化物的收率为92.75%。 相似文献
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以烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为原料,在碱催化作用下水解合成烯丙基甘油醚(AG)。通过正交试验,考察了投料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响。利用单因素试验法确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明:反应原料配比和反应温度是影响烯丙基甘油醚收率的主要因素,催化剂用量和反应时间的影响较小;最佳工艺条件为:n(H2O):n(AGE)=1.5,反应温度为90℃,催化剂(NaOH)的用量为1.2%(以反应原料总质量为基准,下同),反应时间为2h。该工艺条件下得到的产品收率为89.0%。 相似文献
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以乙酸、正己醇为原料,直接酯化合成乙酸己酯,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成乙酸己酯的最佳工艺条件是:反应温度115℃;反应时间70min;n(正己醇)/n(乙酸)=1.2;催化剂用量为1g;带水剂苯用量为15mL(乙酸为0.3mol的情况下)。乙酸己酯的收率达到96.36%。 相似文献
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流化催化裂化汽油改质和增产低碳烯烃的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用GL型催化剂,在小型固定流化床实验装置上考察了反应温度、剂油比、空速和水油比等操作条件对流化催化裂化(FCC)汽油催化改质汽油的产品分布、低碳烯烃(丁烯、丙烯和乙烯)产率和族组成的影响。实验结果表明,在一定反应条件下,FCC汽油通过催化改质可以降低烯烃含量,提高芳烃含量和辛烷值,在满足新汽油标准的同时提高了低碳烯烃的产率。此外,较高的反应温度、剂油比和水油比以及较低的空速有利于FCC汽油催化改质和增产低碳烯烃。 相似文献
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YAN Pingxiang MENG Xianghai GAO Jinsen XU Chunming SUI Zhiyu 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2008,2(1):74
The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins production. 相似文献
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FCC汽油烷基化脱硫研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别采用大孔磺酸树脂NKC-9及FCC汽油烷基化催化剂SW—I对FCC汽油进行静态及动态烷基化脱硫研究。结果表明,SW—I烷基化脱硫操作条件更为缓和,其催化活性及寿命均优于NKC-9树脂。在反应温度60℃、反应时间60 min和剂油质量比1:100的条件下,SW—I烷基化脱硫汽油硫含量降至181.7μg·g~(-1),脱硫率63.49%,收率85.30%。SW—I对不同硫含量的FCC汽油均具有一定的脱硫效果,脱硫适应性较强。通过对汽油烷基化反应前后硫化物的分布分析发现,烷基化反应使FCC汽油中的大部分噻吩类化合物反应生成沸点更高的产物,通过蒸馏分离将其除去,达到脱硫目的。 相似文献
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Pingxiang YAN Xianghai MENG Jinsen GAO Chunmin XU Zhiyu SUI 《Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China》2008,2(1):74-79
The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the
product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition
of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor
were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction
conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics
content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields
of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass
ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins
production.
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Translated from Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2006, 22(6): 532–538 [译自: 化学反应工程与工艺] 相似文献
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Dicho S. Stratiev Ivelina K. ShishkovaDimitar S. Dobrev 《Fuel Processing Technology》2012,94(1):16-25
This paper investigates the effect of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) feed hydrotreatment and its severity increase on product yields and quality obtained in a commercial and a laboratory MAT FCC units. The hydrotreatment of Ural heavy vacuum gas oil reduces not only sulfur, nitrogen, Conradson carbon and metals content in the FCC feed but also increases the mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons content by 8% absolute at almost no change in the total aromatics content. Regardless of this 8% increase of the mononuclear aromatics in the hydrotreated FCC feed the conversion increase in both commercial and laboratory MAT units was only 2%. The severity increase in the FCC feed hydrotreater leads to a higher conversion in the FCC, higher hydrogen transfer rate that results in higher isobutane/butylenes ratio, lower gasoline olefins content, and higher gasoline motor octane number. The hydrotreatment of the Ural heavy vacuum gas oil exhibited the same changes in FCC catalyst selectivities: lower coke and LCO selectivities and higher gasoline selectivity in both commercial riser FCC unit that has between 2 and 3 s time on stream, and the fixed bed reactor MAT unit, that has 30 s time on stream. 相似文献
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根据热力学理论,通过产物和反应物的生成焓计算了催化裂化汽油在降烯烃改质以及催化裂解过程中的反应热,并根据不同反应过程的实验结果考察了反应温度、停留时间和剂油比对反应热的影响。计算结果表明,催化裂化汽油降烯烃改质和催化裂解过程都是吸热反应体系,降烯烃改质过程的反应热为80~150 kJ·kg-1,催化裂解过程的反应热为370~620 kJ·kg-1;反应条件对反应热的影响通过改变反应物的转化率和产物分布实现。在实验条件范围内,随着反应温度的升高、剂油比的增大和停留时间的延长,反应热逐渐增大;当剂油比增大到一定程度时,反应热随剂油比的增加趋势变缓。 相似文献