激光引信复合时刻鉴别法的漂移误差补偿

针对激光引信常用的恒比定时时刻鉴别法的饱和漂移误差问题,提出了一种前沿判别与恒比定时复合的时刻鉴别方法及其误差补偿模型。建立了恒比定时时刻鉴别的漂移误差模型,分析了饱和漂移误差随回波信号理论峰值电压的变化规律;提出了基于复合时刻鉴别法的漂移误差补偿方法,建立了复合时刻鉴别的漂移误差补偿数学模型,得到了修正的脉冲激光测距公式,并进行了测距精度验证实验。结果表明,复合时刻鉴别及误差补偿修正方法可有效减小系统误差,测距精度可控制在±0.3 m以内。     

基于恒比定时鉴别的激光雷达时间测量前沿技术研究

通过FPGA设计了基于恒比定时时刻鉴别直接实现机载激光雷达时间测量系统的方案。详细阐述了时刻鉴别尤其是恒比定时时刻鉴别的原理及性能特点,对传统恒比定时时刻鉴别误差进行了估算,并设计了恒比定时时刻鉴别的简易电路。最后给出了通过抽头延迟线法实现机载激光雷达时间测量的初步方案,对后期提高该时间测量系统的精度提出了改进意见。     

大动态范围激光雷达时刻鉴别电路设计

在激光雷达系统中,受限于被测目标距离及反射特性的变化,回波信号的峰值动态范围大,导致由恒比定时鉴别电路确定的回波到达时刻波动较大,产生的行走误差影响了系统的测距精度和测量范围。设计了一种带自适应增益控制的恒比定时鉴别电路,基于回波信号水平快速自动调节放大电路的增益,可适应较大动态范围下的目标测量。实验结果表明,采用自动增益与恒比鉴别电路相结合的方法设计的激光雷达时刻鉴别电路,可以基于回波信号水平在25ns的时间范围内实现放大电路增益的自适应调节;当输入信号上升时间为3ns、电压动态范围为29dB时,利用增益的自动控制可以将回波信号的动态范围降低至9dB,将回波时刻鉴别误差控制在0.42ns内,有效减小了测距系统的行走误差。     

高精度激光近炸引信阈值电路设计与应用

设计了一种适合激光近炸引信的小体积新型高精度时刻鉴别电路, 采用偏置开关补偿技术来抵消因电荷积累造成的过零点漂移,即依据激光回波幅度来决定偏置电压大小。分析了改进的恒比定时方法的时刻鉴别误差,并进行了详细测试,实验结果表明:信噪比大于20 时,输入信号为0.2～2.134V,既在20.12dB 动态范围内,由输入信号幅度变化和噪声变化引起的时刻鉴别误差小于125ps,信噪比大于60时,误差小于100ps。最后将该时刻鉴别电路应用于整机系统中进行实际检测,激光重复频率20kHz条件下,20m的作用距离范围内单次定距标准偏差为1.45cm极大提高了激光近炸引信的定距精度。     

基于SCKF和姿态估计的SINS/GPS在线对准方法

该文提出了基于平方根容积卡尔曼滤波和初始姿态估计的捷联惯导/全球定位系统组合在线对准法。构建平方根容积卡尔曼滤波器来对初始姿态估计的非线性量测模型进行滤波,估计代表初始姿态转换矩阵的罗德里格参数,并以此求出当前时刻的姿态转换矩阵,从而求出当前时刻准确的姿态。该文分别对制导武器系统和车载系统进行了半实物仿真。仿真结果表明,此方法可在25 s左右完成在线对准。其中短距离制导武器仿真结果航向角及俯仰角误差在0.1°内,横滚角误差在0.3°内;低成本车载导航系统仿真结果航向角误差在0.2°内,俯仰角及横滚角误差在1°内,可满足制导武器及低成本民用车辆的对准需求。     

一种激光雷达时刻鉴别电路设计

时刻鉴别电路是激光雷达的重要组成部分。它被用于检测回波脉冲信号到达接收机的终止时刻,并通知处理器进行数据处理。为满足激光雷达系统对时刻鉴别电路的精确鉴时的需求,采用经过差分放大后的回波脉冲信号进行差分电平平移,将平移后的差分信号送入高速比较器进行时刻鉴别,实现了时刻鉴别功能。通过验证,该设计有效改善了前沿时刻鉴别法产生的行走误差,提高了激光雷达系统测距精度,与恒比定时时刻鉴别电路相比又简化了电路。     

激光成像系统高精度目标距离和强度信息提取

为提高脉冲激光3D成像系统中提取目标距离和强度信息的精度,对时刻鉴别和峰值保持电路进行了深入研究。在简要分析激光测距体制及探测器选择的基础上,给出了激光3D成像系统结构框图:激光器输出信号经半反半透棱镜,反射光线触发参考APD作为计时起始信号,以提高计时基准。给出了恒定阈值鉴别与恒比定时鉴别相结合的时刻鉴别电路,在提高时刻鉴别精度的同时可有效消除噪声对电路的影响。峰值保持选取基于OPA861的跨导型峰值保持电路。在实验室搭建了回波信号模拟系统,并在此基础上对电路性能进行测试。最后,给出了实验结果。结果显示:时刻鉴别电路精度优于1 ns;当输入窄脉冲峰值信号低于800 mV时,峰值保持电路保持精度优于2.63%。整个结果满足后续实验要求。     

激光雷达接收机中时刻鉴别模块的研究和设计

时刻鉴别在激光雷达接收机电路中决定着系统整体的测量精度。考虑到传统的前沿时刻鉴别法测量精度不高,而恒比定时法又存在大量的器件损耗,提出一种新的时刻鉴别法。首先采用高、低两个增益并联的电压放大器,获得两个具有不同增益的脉冲电压信号;再通过四个比较器获得两个脉冲电压信号的前后沿;最后通过几何平均算法获得回波脉冲的形心,从而确定回波到来的时刻。Matlab仿真结果表明,所提时刻鉴别法的鉴别精度优于传统的时刻鉴别法。通过Multisim对时刻鉴别模块进行仿真,结果显示电压放大器和比较器的输出波形均符合预期效果。最后把设计的时刻鉴别模块应用于接收机中进行实验,结果表明该模块可达到三维成像激光雷达接收机电路的系统精度要求,有较好的三维成像效果。     

一种提高脉冲激光测距精度的方法

在介绍脉冲激光测距原理的基础上,分析了影响脉冲激光测距精度的两种主要原因,脉冲时刻鉴别误差和时间间隔测量误差对测距精度的影响.指出了针对这两种原因的解决措施,介绍了采用高通容阻时刻鉴别法和差分延迟线法时间测量等技术,实现较高的测距精度的方法,对其工作原理作了介绍.     

倾斜地形回波波形对测距的影响

为提高激光遥感探测测距性能,研究了倾斜地面回波波形对测距精度的影响.介绍了激光回波脉冲的数学表达式,并基于此研究了斜坡地形目标的激光回波波形及其展宽情况,通过仿真分析了前沿阈值鉴别法、恒比定时鉴别法和质心鉴别法对斜坡地形测距的误差性能,结果表明质心鉴别法的测距误差性能较好.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks