基于非局部几何信号的点模型去噪算法

与传统的基于局部几何信号去噪方法不同,提出了一种基于非局部几何信号的点模型去噪算法.该算法通过双边滤波算子,计算出每个点的微分坐标信息作为“几何灰度值”;基于模型上每个点的邻域的微分信息进行相似性匹配计算,对点模型上的“几何灰度值”进行全局加权平均,获得该点最终的微分信号;最后重建出该点的几何信息.进一步,提出了基于混合树的加速方法,对具有相似特征的邻域进行聚类,减少了匹配的空间复杂度,提高了计算效率.实验结果表明,算法简单高效,获得了满意的去噪效果.     

Multi-Level Partition of Unity Algebraic Point Set Surfaces

We present a multi-level partition of unity algebraic set surfaces (MPU-APSS) for surface reconstruction which can be represented by either a projection or in an implicit form. An algebraic point set surface (APSS) defines a smooth surface from a set of unorganized points using local moving least-squares (MLS) fitting of algebraic spheres. However, due to the local nature, APSS does not work well for geometry editing and modeling. Instead, our method builds an implicit approximation function for the scattered point set based on the partition of unity approach. By using an octree subdivision strategy, we first adaptively construct local algebraic spheres for the point set, and then apply weighting functions to blend together these local shape functions. Finally, we compute an error-controlled approximation of the signed distance function from the surface. In addition, we present an efficient projection operator which makes our representation suitable for point set filtering and dynamic point resampling. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our unified approach for both surface reconstruction and geometry modeling such as surface completion.     

Constructive sculpting of heterogeneous volumetric objects using trivariate B-splines

This paper deals with modeling heterogeneous volumetric objects as point sets with attributes using trivariate B-splines. In contrast to homogeneous volumes with uniform distribution of material and other properties, a heterogeneous volumetric object has a number of variable attributes assigned at each point. An attribute is a mathematical model of an object property of an arbitrary nature (material, photometric, physical, statistical, etc.). In our approach, the function representation (FRep) is used as the basic model for both object geometry and attributes represented independently using real-valued scalar functions of point coordinates. While FRep directly defines object geometry, for an attribute it specifies a space partition used to define the attribute function. We propose a volume sculpting scheme with multiresolution capability based on trivariate B-spline functions to define both object geometry and its attributes. A new trivariate B-spline primitive is proposed that can be used as a leaf in an FRep constructive tree. An interactive volume modeler based on trivariate B-splines and other simple primitives is described, with a real-time repolygonization of the surface during modeling. We illustrate that the space partition obtained in the modeling process can be applied to define attributes for the objects with an arbitrary geometry model such as BRep or homogeneous volume models.     

A Gradient-Domain Based Geometry Processing Framework for Point Clouds

The use of point clouds is becoming increasingly popular. We present a general framework for performing geometry filtering on point-based surface through applying the meshless local Petrol-Galelkin (MLPG) to obtain the solution of a screened Poisson equation. The enhancement or smoothing of surfaces is controlled by a gradient scale parameter. Anisotropic filtering is supported by the adapted Riemannian metric. Contrary to the other approaches of partial differential equation for point-based surface, the proposed approach neither needs to construct local or global triangular meshes, nor needs global parameterization. It is only based on the local tangent space and local interpolated surfaces. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.     

梯度双边滤波的图像去噪

为了改善双边滤波的去噪性能,引入图像的局部模式,提出了梯度双边滤波算法。采用相邻像素亮度值的梯度距离来构造梯度相似度核,通过几何邻近度核函数和梯度相似度核函数来对图像邻域像素进行加权平均,从而实现滤波;为了获得最佳的滤波参数,通过经验学习的方法对滤波参数进行选择,最终得到通用的参数配置。实验结果表明,新方法能很好地保持图像的边缘,且与传统去噪模型相比,其去噪性能也是最好的。     

点云模型的噪声分类去噪算法

针对三维点云模型数据在去噪平滑过程中存在的不同尺度噪声和算法计算耗时问题,提出了点云模型的噪声分类去噪算法。该算法根据噪声点分布特性,将其分为大尺度和小尺度噪声,先利用统计滤波结合半径滤波去除大尺度噪声;然后使用快速双边滤波对小尺度噪声进行平滑,实现点云模型的去噪和平滑。与传统的双边滤波相比,利用快速双边滤波对点云模型数据进行平滑,有效地提高了计算效率。实验结果表明,该算法对点云噪声进行快速平滑去除的同时又能有效地保持被扫描物体的几何特征。     

基于噪声分类的双边滤波点云去噪算法

针对三维点云数据模型在去噪光顺中存在不同尺度噪声的问题,提出一种基于噪声分类的双边滤波点云去噪算法。该算法首先将噪声细分为大尺度和小尺度噪声,并使用统计滤波结合半径滤波对大尺度噪声进行去除;然后对三维点云数据进行曲率估计,并对现有点云双边滤波进行改进,增强其鲁棒性和保特征性;最后使用改进的双边滤波对小尺度噪声进行光顺,实现三维点云数据模型的去噪、光顺。与单独使用双边滤波、Fleishman双边滤波相比,改进算法在三维点云数据模型光顺平均误差指标上分别降低了50.53%和21.67%。实验结果表明,该改进算法对噪声进行尺度的细分既提高了计算效率,又避免了过光顺和细节失真,较好地保持模型中的几何特征。     

Processing and interactive editing of huge point clouds from 3D scanners

This paper describes a new out-of-core multi-resolution data structure for real-time visualization, interactive editing and externally efficient processing of large point clouds. We describe an editing system that makes use of the novel data structure to provide interactive editing and preprocessing tools for large scanner data sets. Using the new data structure, we provide a complete tool chain for 3D scanner data processing, from data preprocessing and filtering to manual touch-up and real-time visualization. In particular, we describe an out-of-core outlier removal and bilateral geometry filtering algorithm, a toolset for interactive selection, painting, transformation, and filtering of huge out-of-core point-cloud data sets and a real-time rendering algorithm, which all use the same data structure as storage backend. The interactive tools work in real-time for small model modifications. For large scale editing operations, we employ a two-resolution approach where editing is planned in real-time and executed in an externally efficient offline computation afterwards. We evaluate our implementation on example data sets of sizes up to 63 GB, demonstrating that the proposed technique can be used effectively in real-world applications.     

Constructive Hypervolume Modeling

This paper deals with modeling point sets with attributes. A point set in a geometric space of an arbitrary dimension is a geometric model of a real/abstract object or process under consideration. An attribute is a mathematical model of an object property of arbitrary nature (material, photometric, physical, statistical, etc.) defined at any point of the point set. We provide a brief survey of different modeling techniques related to point sets with attributes. It spans such different areas as solid modeling, heterogeneous objects modeling, scalar fields or “implicit surface” modeling and volume graphics. Then, on the basis of this survey we formulate requirements to a general model of hypervolumes (multidimensional point sets with multiple attributes). A general hypervolume model and its components such as objects, operations, and relations are introduced and discussed. A function representation (FRep) is used as the basic model for the point set geometry and attributes represented independently using real-valued scalar functions of several variables. Each function defining the geometry or an attribute is evaluated at the given point by a procedure traversing a constructive tree structure with primitives in the leaves and operations in the nodes of the tree. This reflects the constructive nature of the symmetric approach to modeling geometry and associated attributes in multidimensional space. To demonstrate a particular application of the proposed general model, we consider in detail the problem of texturing, introduce a model of constructive hypervolume texture, and then discuss its implementation, as well as the special modeling language we used for modeling hypervolume objects.     

深度图像的法向指导 GPU 滤波

深度相机获取深度图像由于硬件精度问题,往往会丢失大量细节信息。因此,对深度图像的滤 波,已经成为深度视觉领域一个重要的课题。然而,现阶段大多数滤波的方法对于深度图像中的尖锐特征保留 能力不足,往往会出现过光滑现象。针对深度图像滤波中的尖锐特征难以保留的问题,提出了一种新的深度图 像的联合双边滤波方法。首先求解深度图像每个像素的法向,以投票的方式对法向的权重进行计算以进行联合 双边滤波,最后根据滤波后的法向更新顶点坐标。该方法引入了高精度的纹理作为指导信息,能获取更可信的 滤波效果。另外,该方法基于点云的局部信息,不需要求解很大的矩阵,且基于 GPU 并行,运算效率极高。 实验表明,该方法能更好地保留法向的边界,具有更好的几何特征保留能力。     

Differentials-Based Segmentation and Parameterization for Point-Sampled Surfaces

Efficient parameterization of point-sampled surfaces is a fundamental problem in the field of digital geometry processing. In order to parameterize a given point-sampled surface for minimal distance distortion, a differentialslbased segmentation and parameterization approach is proposed in this paper. Our approach partitions the point-sampled geometry based on two criteria： variation of Euclidean distance between sample points, and angular difference between surface differential directions. According to the analysis of normal curvatures for some specified directions, a new projection approach is adopted to estimate the local surface differentials. Then a k-means clustering （k-MC） algorithm is used for partitioning the model into a set of charts based on the estimated local surface attributes. Finally, each chart is parameterized with a statistical method -- multidimensional scaling （MDS） approach, and the parameterization results of all charts form an atlas for compact storage.     

综合用户特征和项目属性的协作过滤推荐算法

通过分析传统协作过滤推荐算法面临的数据集稀疏性问题及当前解决方法的优缺点, 在基于项目的协作过滤推荐算法的基础上, 提出了一种综合用户特征和项目属性的协作过滤推荐算法。通过分析不同特征的用户对项目的各种属性的兴趣度, 综合已评分的项目属性预测未评分项目, 降低数据集的稀疏性, 提高项目相似度计算的准确性。在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明, 在数据极端稀疏的情况下, 能够有效地降低数据集稀疏性, 并在一定程度上缓解了协作过滤推荐算法中的冷启动问题, 提高了推荐算法的预测准确度。     

Bilateral recovering of sharp edges on feature-insensitive sampled meshes

A variety of computer graphics applications sample surfaces of 3D shapes in a regular grid without making the sampling rate adaptive to the surface curvature or sharp features. Triangular meshes that interpolate or approximate these samples usually exhibit relatively big error around the insensitive sampled sharp features. This paper presents a robust general approach conducting bilateral filters to recover sharp edges on such insensitive sampled triangular meshes. Motivated by the impressive results of bilateral filtering for mesh smoothing and denoising, we adopt it to govern the sharpening of triangular meshes. After recognizing the regions that embed sharp features, we recover the sharpness geometry through bilateral filtering, followed by iteratively modifying the given mesh's connectivity to form single-wide sharp edges that can be easily detected by their dihedral angles. We show that the proposed method can robustly reconstruct sharp edges on feature-insensitive sampled meshes.     

A novel Monte Carlo noise reduction operator

Monte Carlo noise appears as outliers and as interpixel incoherence in a typical image rendered at low sampling density. Unfortunately, none of the previous approaches can reduce both types of noise in a unified way. In this article, we propose such a unified Monte Carlo noise reduction approach using bilateral filtering. We extended the standard bilateral filtering method and built a new local adaptive noise reduction kernel. The new operator suppresses the outliers and interpixel incoherence in a noniterative way.     

Blue‐Noise Remeshing with Farthest Point Optimization

In this paper, we present a novel method for surface sampling and remeshing with good blue‐noise properties. Our approach is based on the farthest point optimization (FPO), a relaxation technique that generates high quality blue‐noise point sets in 2D. We propose two important generalizations of the original FPO framework: adaptive sampling and sampling on surfaces. A simple and efficient algorithm for accelerating the FPO framework is also proposed. Experimental results show that the generalized FPO generates point sets with excellent blue‐noise properties for adaptive and surface sampling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our remeshing quality is superior to the current state‐of‐the?art approaches.     

基于表面及切向属性的点模型骨架提取方法

针对目前在离散点云模型以及低分辨率模型上提取骨架算法存在的局限性,提出一种基于表面及切向属性(attributesofsurfaceandtangency,AST)的新方法.首先给出两个属性定义及其计算方式.然后基于上述属性通过表面光滑收缩和骨架吸引的双重作用达到模型的几何收缩,连接迭代收缩完成后得到的中心点,从而得到模型的骨架.实验表明:该方法得到的骨架能较好地表达原始模型的几何特征和拓扑结构,在缺少连接信息和低分辨率的情况下也能获得较好的骨架提取效果.     

鲁棒估计器在3D网格降噪中的应用

从最小平方估计的观点揭示了最小平方估计与Laplacian光顺算法之间的关联,并进一步提出了M-估计器在网格光顺中的应用,最后延伸M-估计器至二次加权的M-估计器,在抑制噪声的同时有效地保持了表面特征.在本质上,二次加权的M-估计器就是双向滤波器.     

各向异性扩散的研究

各向异性扩散是有选择性的平滑过程,这种平滑过程在均匀的区域不受限制,而在跨越边界部分被抑制,因此在平滑噪声的同时保持图像的边缘特征。同样,双边滤波既可以达到滤波的效果又可以保持图像的高频细节,它是一种非线性、非迭代的、局部的和简单的滤波,它是数字图像非线性滤波的代表。论文利用稳健统计方法,分析了各向异性扩散与双边滤波之间的关系,扩大了数字图像非线性滤波与非线性扩散之间的关联。     

改进型CKF算法及其在GNSS/INS中的应用

针对容积卡尔曼滤波算法(CKF)在高阶非线性系统应用中,局部容积点采样不准确及系统状态突变导致滤波精度降低甚至发散的问题,提出一种改进型CKF(TSCKF)算法.采用新的容积点采样规则提高非线性函数映射准确性,进而提高滤波精度;引入强跟踪滤波(STF)的渐消因子,提升算法在状态突变时的鲁棒性.将此算法应用于GNSS/INS(Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System)紧组合导航系统中,仿真结果表明,该算法能够显著提高导航精度,鲁棒性强,在状态突变情况下依然可以满足导航精度要求.     

A Fast Approximation of the Bilateral Filter Using a Signal Processing Approach

The bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter that smoothes a signal while preserving strong edges. It has demonstrated great effectiveness for a variety of problems in computer vision and computer graphics, and fast versions have been proposed. Unfortunately, little is known about the accuracy of such accelerations. In this paper, we propose a new signal-processing analysis of the bilateral filter which complements the recent studies that analyzed it as a PDE or as a robust statistical estimator. The key to our analysis is to express the filter in a higher-dimensional space where the signal intensity is added to the original domain dimensions. Importantly, this signal-processing perspective allows us to develop a novel bilateral filtering acceleration using downsampling in space and intensity. This affords a principled expression of accuracy in terms of bandwidth and sampling. The bilateral filter can be expressed as linear convolutions in this augmented space followed by two simple nonlinearities. This allows us to derive criteria for downsampling the key operations and achieving important acceleration of the bilateral filter. We show that, for the same running time, our method is more accurate than previous acceleration techniques. Typically, we are able to process a 2 megapixel image using our acceleration technique in less than a second, and have the result be visually similar to the exact computation that takes several tens of minutes. The acceleration is most effective with large spatial kernels. Furthermore, this approach extends naturally to color images and cross bilateral filtering.