Fe对Ni-Mn-Ga形状记忆合金相变和力学性能的影响

研究了Fe含量对Ni₅₆Mn_25-xFe_xGa₁₉(x=0~10)合金的微观组织结构、相变行为、力学性能和记忆特性的影响规律.当x ≤ 4时,Ni₅₆Mn_25-xFe_xGa₁₉合金仍然保持着单一的四方结构马氏体相;当x ≥ 6时,合金呈现为马氏体相和面心立方γ相组成的双相结构.相对于马氏体相,γ相为富Ni和富Fe相,其含量随Fe含量的增加而增加.随着Fe含量增加,合金的马氏体相变温度逐渐降低,其峰值温度从x=0时的356℃降低至x=10时的170℃,这主要归因于马氏体相尺寸因素和电子浓度的综合作用.通过添加Fe替代Mn在合金中引入的γ相可提高合金的强度和塑性,但最大形状记忆回复应变从x=0时的5.0%降低到x=6时的2.0%.      

(Ni45Mn40Sn10Co5)100-xGdx合金的微观结构、马氏体相变及力学性能

研究了稀土Gd合金化对(Ni₄₅Mn₄₀Sn₁₀Co₅)_100-xGd_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.5,2,原子数分数,下同)磁性形状记忆合金的显微结构、马氏体相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明：低Gd掺杂量(x=0.1,0.2)对合金的相组成和显微组织影响甚微;当x(Gd)≥0.5时,合金中有第二相析出;在各成分合金中均观察到一步热弹性马氏体相变,随着Gd掺杂量的增加,单相合金(x=0～0.2)的马氏体相变温度单调上升,双相合金(x=0.5,2)的马氏体相变温度先下降后上升;适当的Gd掺杂量(x=2)能显著提高合金的压缩强度和延展性.     

Ni-Mn-Ga-Sn高温形状记忆合金的微观组织和马氏体相变

本文通过添加Sn元素来取代Ga元素,制备了Ni₅₇Mn25Ga_18-xSn_x(x=0,1,2,4)系列形状记忆合金,研究Sn合金化对Ni-Mn-Ga高温形状记忆合金微观组织和马氏体相变的影响。结果表明:Ni₅₇Mn25Ga_18-xSn_x(x=0,1,2,4)合金基体为单一非调制四方结构的板条状马氏体相,随Sn含量的增加,无新相析出,马氏体板条变宽大,晶粒尺寸增大,马氏体相变的转变温度和逆转变温度均下降,相变滞后增大。     

Ni60Ti40形状记忆合金的热变形行为

为获得Ni₆₀Ti₄₀形状记忆合金热变形的最佳工艺参数,利用等温恒速率热压缩试验研究了在温度为800～1 000℃、应变速率为0.005～5.000 s^-1条件下Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的热变形行为,通过探究不同变形温度和应变速率对Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金流变行为的影响创建本构关系,并以动态材料模型为基础构建热加工图。结果表明,Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小、随应变速率的升高而增大。温度为900～1 000℃、应变速率为0.005～0.500 s^-1时,流变应力较快达到稳态,且所需的变形量较少。采用Arrhenius双曲正弦模型构建的Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金热变形的流变应力本构关系模型可基本准确地预测实际流变应力随工艺参数的变化趋势,计算得到Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的平均热变形...     

铌掺杂对镍基正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2电化学性能影响

解决镍基正极材料LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂的电化学循环稳定性和高温循环性能是其产业化推广应用的关键。研究了掺杂铌改性高镍正极材料,优化材料的电化学性能,提升循环稳定性。首先以硫酸盐为原料,在N₂保护气氛下,采用共沉淀法合成三元球形Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1（OH）₂前驱体,通过高温固相反应与LiOH·H₂O,Nb₂O₅合成Li（Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1）_1-xNb_xO₂（x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03）系列正极材料。X射线衍射结果表明,Nb5+离子可少量进入正极材料晶格,并在正极材料表面形成化学稳定性好的Li₃NbO₄。当x=0.02时,在室温25 ℃,电压2.75~4.2 V,0.2 C倍率下首次放电比容量为172.9 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率为97.47%,在50 ℃,0.5 C倍率下循环20次容量基本不变,平均放电比容量为183.7 mAh/g,且该样品具有较好的倍率性能。      

Ni60Ti40形状记忆合金的热变形行为

为获得Ni₆₀Ti₄₀形状记忆合金热变形的最佳工艺参数,利用等温恒速率热压缩试验研究了在温度为800~1 000 ℃、应变速率为0.005~5.000 s-1条件下Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的热变形行为,通过探究不同变形温度和应变速率对Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金流变行为的影响创建本构关系,并以动态材料模型为基础构建热加工图。结果表明,Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小、随应变速率的升高而增大。温度为900~1 000 ℃、应变速率为0.005~0.500 s-1时,流变应力较快达到稳态,且所需的变形量较少。采用Arrhenius双曲正弦模型构建的Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金热变形的流变应力本构关系模型可基本准确地预测实际流变应力随工艺参数的变化趋势,计算得到Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的平均热变形激活能为213 kJ/mol。Ni₆₀Ti₄₀合金的热变形有3个稳定变形区和1个失稳区,适宜变形的区域为800~870 ℃/0.005~0.080 s-1、870~950 ℃/0.080~0.500 s-1和950~1 000 ℃/0.050~5.000 s-1;不适合进行热加工的区域为800~850 ℃/0.220~5.000 s-1。     

Pb3Mn7O15:合成、相变、转换和分解

以MnO₂和PbO为原料,采用高温固相法合成Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅,采用粉末衍射、SEM和EDS技术,系统研究Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅的合成、相变、转换和分解规律.结果表明:在使用粉末合成法制备Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅时,较为合适的合成温度为850 ℃,PbO过量度为5 %.室温下Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅为正交结构,高温下为六方结构,两者在100~200 ℃之间的相变是可逆的;亚稳相Pb₄Mn₉O₂₀在800~850 ℃不可逆的分解产生Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅;Pb₃Mn₇O₁₅在950~1 000 ℃之间发生分解,分解产物为晶态Mn₃O₄和非晶态PbO.      

正极材料LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2前驱体合成工艺的探究

成本低、性能稳定的无钴镍锰正极材料是目前的研究热点。采用共沉淀法制备Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂前驱体, 用氨水作为络合剂, 探究了NH₃浓度对前驱体Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂共沉淀的晶粒生长和形貌的影响, 以及对锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.8Mn_0.2O₂的晶体结构和电化学性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、循环伏安测试、交流阻抗和电池充放电测试系统表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。表征结果显示, 在0.1 C, 2.5~4.2 V化成条件下, 初始放电比容量为167 mAh/g, 充放电效率为96%。当氨水用量为45 mL时, 样品具有较优的循环性能, 在1 C倍率下, 2.5~4.2 V的电压测试范围内, 循环100次后, 放电比容量为139 mAh/g, 容量保持率为93.9%。在低倍率充放电条件下样品具有明显优于其他材料的电化学性能。      

LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的合成及其AA电池电化学性能

采用共沉淀法合成LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂正极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征合成材料的结构和形貌.研究不同Li/(Mn+Ni)摩尔比、不同焙烧制度、不同化成制度对LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂的电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当Li/(Mn+Ni)摩尔比1.08、一次焙烧温度为500℃,二次焙烧温度为850℃下焙烧得到的材料电化学性能最佳.      

Na、Zr复合改性提高LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料理化性能

基于LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂正极材料在高电压下的电化学性能不佳问题,通过简单的共沉淀法得到前驱体Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1（OH）₂,与适当的Na源、Zr源及Li源球磨后得到改性材料。通过对比Na和Zr单掺杂或共改性来探究改性材料电化学性能的变化。XRD结果表明,掺杂Na和Zr后,所有改性材料的Li间距和过渡金属层间距均扩大,电化学性能测试发现改性后的材料其循环、倍率性能等均得到明显提升。其中Na、Zr共改性的LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂（NCM-Na-Zr）,其循环和倍率性能得到显著改善,在2.75~4.35 V、1C倍率下循环200次后,仍然有177.4 mAh/g放电比容量和87.7%的容量保持率。      

Phase Transformation Behaviors and Effects of Terbium in Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

The phase transformation behaviors of two kinds of magnetic shape memory alloys NisoMn25 x Ga25-x and Ni50 Mn29Ga21-x Tbx were studied. When the composition of Ni in these alloys was constant, increasing Mn and reducing Ga contents make martensitic transformation temperatures rise obviously. Simultaneously, thermal hysteresis of phase transformation reduce but Curie temperature una|ters. When terbium was added, phase transformation temperature went up further and Curie temperature kept constant. The alloys still show strong ferromagnetism and properties of thermoelastic martensite phase transformation.     

冷热循环对Ni─Ti形状记忆合金马氏体相变及形状记忆效应的影响

通过电阻及回复特性的测定,研究了在冷热循环条件下ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金记忆效应的稳定性问题。实验结果表明：对不同的ＮｉＴｉ合金固溶处理后,冷热循环对其形状记忆效应均产生影响。但时该合金在再结晶温度下时效处理或退火,冷热循环对其相变温度几乎均不产生影响。同时对产生以上规律的内在机制进行了初步探讨。     

Thermal arrest memory effect

The course of the martensitic transformation is affected by strain fields in the untransformed parent phase, One of the consequences of this NiTi shape memory alloys is the “Thermal Arrest Memory Effect” (TAME), where the martensite to parent phase transformation “remembers” the temperature of arrest in the previous thermal cycle. From the results of the calorimetric investigations in this study, it is deduced that the TAME is the result of locked-in transformation strain energy in the self-accomodating martensitic microstructure. Thus it is found that on account of the large difference in the degree of self-accomodation achieved in the martensitic microstructures, TAME is observed to be significant in NiTi and not in CuAnAl shape memory alloys.     

Ti-V-Al轻质记忆合金的研究进展

Ti-V-Al合金基于热弹性马氏体相变而呈现出形状记忆效应。同时,Ti-V-Al合金不仅呈现出良好的冷热加工性能,还具有较低的密度,这可满足当今航空航天领域对轻量化制造的需求。文中主要综述国内外研究学者在Ti-V-Al轻质记忆合金研究方面的重要工作和进展,其中重点阐述了Ti-V-Al轻质记忆合金热循环稳定性、力学性能与功能特性方面的研究。最后,简单阐述了Ti-V-Al轻质记忆合金功能特性的演化规律与机制,并对后续Ti-V-Al轻质记忆合金的发展方向进行了展望。      

Ni-Ga-Fe-Co铁磁形状记忆合金的磁性转变和马氏体相变

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) such as NiMnGa, FePd and FePt are attractive as a new magnetic actuator material. They show a large magnetic-field-induced strain of 3% - 9% due to the variant rearrangement. Recently, the present authors have reported that in the Ni-Ga-Fe alloy the martensitic transformationfrom the B2 and/or the L21 structures into a seven-layer or five-layer modulated structure occurs upon cooling. In this alloy system, however, it is impossible to obtain a martensite phase at RT with a Curie temperature (To) higher than 100℃. In this work, the effects of substitution of Co for Ni on the martensitic and magnetic transformations, crystal structures and phase equilibria in Ni-Ca-Fe alloys were studied. Ni-Ga-Fe-Co alloys were prepared by induction melting under an argon atmosphere. Small pieces of specimens were taken from the ingot and homogenized at 1433 K for 24 h followed by quenching in water. The obtained specimens were aged at 773 K for 24 h and then quenched. The compositions of each phase were determined by energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (El)X). The martensitic transformation temperatures and Tc were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement. The crystal structure of martensite phase was observed by X-ray diffractmeter (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Curie temperature Tc was increased with increasing Co content while the martensitic transformation temperature slightly decreased. In the Ni(54-x) Ga27 Fe19 Cox, Tc increases from 303 K to 408 K with increasing CO content from x=0 to x=6. The crystal structure of the martensite phase and the phase equiribria in the Ni-Fe-Ga-Co alloys will be also presented.     

Influence of aluminium and iron contents on the transformation temperatures of Cu-Al-Fe shape memory alloys

Copper based shape memory alloys have received much focus in recent times because of their good ductility, ease of production and processing and low cost. Earlier investigations have shown that ductility and other mechanical properties of the Cu-Al based shape memory alloys can significantly be improved by adding ternary elements such as Ni and Mn. While Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys have better thermal stability and higher operating temperatures, their practical applications are limited because of their poor workability. Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloys on the other hand, have good ductility and workability, but their operating temperatures are lower. A similar approach is followed in Ni-Al alloys to overcome their brittleness by the addition of Fe. There is paucity of literature on the role of ternary addition of Fe to Cu-Al shape memory alloys. In the present work, therefore, the effect of aluminium and iron on the transformation temperatures has been studied. As the aluminium content increases the transformation temperatures decrease, while the ternary addition of Fe increases the transformation temperatures. The results are presented and discussed in detail in the paper.     

Effects of ternary additions on the thermoelastic martensitic transformation of NiAl

Nickel-rich β-NiAl alloys, which are potential materials for high-temperature shape-memory alloys, show a thermoelastic martensitic transformation, which produces their shape memory effect. However, the transformation to Ni₅Al₃ phase during heating of NiAl martensite can interrupt the reversible martensitic transformation; consequently, the shape memory effect in NiAl martensite might not appear after heating. The phase transformation process in binary Ni-(34 to 37)Al martensite was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) method, and we found that the condition of reversible martensitic transformation was not the β → Ni₅Al₃ transformation, but rather the M → Ni₅Al₃ transformation occurring at 250 °C to 300 °C. Therefore, the transformation temperature of M → Ni₅Al₃ determined the highest operating temperature for the shape memory effect. For verifying the critical temperature, the phase transformation process was investigated for eight ternary Ni-33Al-X alloys (X=Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, Si, and Nb). Only Ti, Si, and Nb additions were found to be effective in dropping the M _s temperature, and they facilitated the shape memory effect in Ni-33Al-X alloys. In particular, the addition of Si and Nb raised the transformation temperature of M → Ni₅Al₃, a potentially beneficial effect for shape memory at higher temperatures. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics,” presented at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting, February 21–27, 2002, in Seattle, Washington, under the auspices of the ASM and TMS Joint Committee on Mechanical Behavior of Materials.