如皋火腿中耐亚硝酸盐腐生葡萄球菌RG-2产氨肽酶条件的优化

氨肽酶能从多肽链的N端顺序水解并释放氨基酸,可广泛用于肉制品加工以增加肉品游离氨基酸,提高发酵肉制品品质。实验利用从如皋火腿中分离得到的1株产氨肽酶腐生葡萄球RG-2,通过单因素试验和响应曲面设计研究了pH、温度、NaCl浓度等因素对菌株RG-2产氨肽酶能力的影响。实验结果表明,最佳产氨肽酶条件为pH6.8、温度41℃、NaCl浓度1%,此条件下氨肽酶酶活达到23.85 U/mg。     

酱油曲中谷氨酰胺酶酶学特性研究

以酱油曲中的谷氨酰胺酶为研究对象,通过蒸氨法测定谷氨酰胺酶酶活力,探究不同温度、pH、NaCl浓度对谷氨酰胺酶酶活力和稳定性的影响,同时分析了谷氨酰胺酶底物专一性和底物浓度对其的抑制作用.研究结果表明,酱油曲中谷氨酰胺酶最适温度为55℃,在此温度下维持8h,酶活力损失70％以上,酶热稳定性较差;最适pH为7.0,在pH...     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性对明胶耐酶解性的影响

以转谷氨酰胺酶改性明胶的耐酶解性为关注点,通过单因素试验和均匀设计试验研究转谷氨酰胺酶浓度、改性pH值、改性温度和改性时间等因素对改性明胶耐酶解性的影响。通过均匀试验得到的最优改性条件为:转谷氨酰胺酶质量浓度为0.20 g/L,改性pH 6.0,改性温度44℃,改性时间35 min。与未改性明胶相比较,改性明胶的耐酶解能力提高了14.44%。本研究结果表明转谷氨酰胺酶改性可以显著提高明胶的耐酶解能力。     

应用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化转谷氨酰胺酶作用的乳清蛋白交联条件

考察了pH、催化时间、催化温度及加酶量对转谷氨酰胺酶作用WPI形成交联产物的粘度影响,并对影响因素进行优化,找出最佳组合。该研究共分两个实验进行,实验1考察pH、时间、温度及加酶量单个因素对转谷氨酰胺酶交联作用的影响;实验2是基于单因素实验结果,采用四因素(pH、催化时间、催化温度、加酶量)五水平回归正交旋转设计,对WPI经转谷氨酰胺酶交联后产生最大粘度的最佳条件进行优化,以便确定实验多元回归方程和获得较大WPI黏度的最佳条件。实验结果表明:交联时间4h、交联温度50℃、pH8.0和加酶量20u/g时,具有最佳粘度值,转谷氨酰胺酶作用效果最佳。     

应用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化转谷氨酰胺酶作用下的乳清蛋白交联条件

考察了pH、催化时间、催化温度及加酶量对转谷氨酰胺酶作用WPI形成交联产物的粘度影响,并对影响因素进行优化,找出最佳组合。该研究共分两个实验进行,实验1考察pH、时间、温度及加酶量单个因素对转谷氨酰胺酶交联作用的影响;实验2是基于单因素实验结果,采用四因素(pH、催化时间、催化温度、加酶量)五水平回归正交旋转设计,对WPI经转谷氨酰胺酶交联后产生最大粘度的最佳条件进行优化,以便确定实验多元回归方程和获得较大WPI黏度的最佳条件。实验结果表明:交联时间4h、交联温度50℃、pH8.0和加酶量20u/g时,具有最佳粘度值,转谷氨酰胺酶作用效果最佳。      

利用转谷氨酰胺酶提高谷朊粉乳化性研究

转谷氨酰胺酶是一种催化蛋白质分子交联酶类,利用其对谷朊粉乳化性进行改良,研究酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对谷朊粉乳化活性和乳化稳定性影响;在此基础上通过正交实验,探索转谷氨酰胺酶酶解谷朊粉提高乳化性最佳反应条件。分析发现五个因素对谷朊粉乳化性影响由强到弱顺序为:pH值、谷朊粉浓度、温度、时间和酶浓度。最佳酶解条件为:谷朊粉浓度为6.0%,酶浓度1.0%,反应时间为1.0h,pH值为5.0,反应温度为45℃;此时谷朊粉乳化活性为84.9%,乳化稳定性为85.7%,比酶解前谷朊粉乳化性有明显提高。     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶改性菜籽蛋白凝胶特性的研究

为改善菜籽蛋白质的凝胶特性,采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG)以单因素试验和正交试验研究影响菜籽分离蛋白(RPI)凝胶特性的主要因素-- TG 质量浓度、pH 值、反应温度和反应时间。结果表明：反应温度和 pH 值对菜籽分离蛋白凝胶性的影响显著,同时得到谷氨酰胺转氨酶改性菜籽蛋白凝胶特性的最佳工艺条件,RPI 质量浓度1.5g/10mL、加酶量50U/g RPI、pH9.0、反应温度40℃、反应时间20min。     

谷氨酰胺酶基因的克隆、表达和酶学性质研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌基因组为模板通过PCR扩增获得谷氨酰胺酶基因ylaM,构建重组质粒p MA5-ylaM,将其转化到枯草芽孢杆菌168中获得重组菌BS168/pMA5-ylaM,并在宿主菌成功得到表达,纯化后的谷氨酰胺酶比酶活大小为939.48 U/mg。谷氨酰胺酶的反应最适pH为7.5,反应最适温度为55℃,La~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)对谷氨酰胺酶活力具有一定的抑制作用,在NaCl浓度为15%～17.5%的条件下,该酶酶活力可以保留50%以上。在5 L罐中,通过分批补料发酵,其最高酶活力产量为215.06 U/mL。     

转谷氨酰胺酶用于羊毛改性中的修复作用

文章研究了转谷氨酰胺酶(TG酶)浓度、处理时间、pH值和温度4因素对TG酶修复羊毛性能的影响.确定TG酶的最佳工艺条件为:浓度4%(owf),处理时间2h,pH值6.5～7.0,处理温度37～40℃.经蛋白酶与TG酶处理过的纱线,与只经蛋白酶处理的纱线相比,强力能明显提高.文章还分析了TG酶对羊毛的修复机理.     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性大豆分离蛋白条件研究

利用微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)进行改性,探讨pH、反应温度、反应时间、底物浓度、酶/蛋白质比对SPI改性影响,采用正交试验优化改性条件。结果显示,酶/蛋白质比和底物浓度对SPI改性影响较小;pH、温度和时间对该改性作用影响较大,该3种因素对SPI改性影响大小依次为pH、温度和时间;MTGase改性SPI的最佳条件为pH 5.5、温度55℃、时间30 min、底物浓度2.0%、酶/蛋白质比10 U/g。     

一株高酶活力米曲霉菌株的选育及其在酱油生产中的应用

该研究以米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）As3.951为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体（ARTP）对该菌株进行诱变,选育一株高酶 活力诱变菌株ZA189。 结果表明,与出发菌株As3.951相比,诱变菌株ZA189制曲获得的成曲中,中性蛋白酶、淀粉酶及谷氨酰胺酶活 力均有所提高,分别为3 210.21 U/g、480.29 U/g、3.48 U/g（以干基计）,同时,诱变菌株ZA189的成曲中孢子数减少,原料消耗率降低; 发酵原油中氨基酸态氮、全氮、还原糖、谷氨酸含量均提高,分别为1.16 g/100 mL、1.94 g/100 mL、11.05 g/100 mL、13.69 g/kg;原油味 道更浓郁,色泽更鲜明,具备酱香浓郁、鲜甜突出、滋味醇厚持久的特征。 该菌株的选育对酿造酱油品质的提升具有突出贡献。     

米曲霉葡萄糖代谢抑制菌株的选育及发酵性能研究

选择对2-脱氧葡萄糖（2-DG）抗性较强的米曲霉A2-104为出发菌株,通过原生质体诱变育种,进一步获得了葡萄糖代谢抑制突变株A2-104-166-小试规模的酱油酿造实验结果显示：A2-104-166的蛋白酶和谷氨酰胺酶等主要酶系的活力均有不同程度的提升,碳水化合物消耗量下降33％,全糖／全氮、谷氨酸态氮／全氮、游离氨基态氮／全氮均有明显优势;感官鉴评结果表明A2-104-166菌株的酱油成味弱,甜味和鲜味加强。     

NaCl添加量对发酵牦牛肉灌肠成熟过程中理化品质及挥发性风味物质的影响

研究添加0.0％、1.5％、3.0％、4.5％NaCl的发酵牦牛肉灌肠成熟过程中理化性质、菌落总数以及挥发性风味物质的变化.结果表明,NaCl添加量4.5％的发酵牦牛肉灌肠pH值和亮度值显著高于其余3组(P＜0.05);随着NaCl添加量的减少,硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性呈下降趋势,而储能模量、菌落总数呈上升趋势;此外,Na...     

Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory profiles of fermented milk containing probiotic strains isolated from kefir

A two-strain starter culture containing Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114, a potential probiotic strain isolated from kefir grains, and Streptococcus thermophilus CIDCA 321 was tested for the preparation of a fermented milk product. Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154, a yeast with immunomodulatory properties was included to formulate a three-strain starter culture. Supernatants of enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli, shiga-toxin-producing strain, along with a two-strain or a three-strain starter culture were included in the medium of Vero-cell surface cultures. The results demonstrated that these combinations of microorganisms antagonize the cytopathic action of shiga toxins. The cell concentration of Lb. plantarum did not decrease during fermentation, indicating that the viability of this strain was not affected by low pH, nor did the number of viable bacteria change during 21 days of storage in either fermented products. The number of viable yeasts increases during fermentation and storage. Trained assessors analyzed the general acceptability of fresh fermented milks and considered both acceptable. The milk fermented with the two-strain starter culture was considered acceptable after two week of storage, while the product fermented with the three-strain starter culture remained acceptable for less than one week. The main changes in sensory attributes detected by the trained panel were in sour taste, milky taste and also in fermented attributes. The correlation between different sensory attributes and acceptability indicated that the panel was positively influenced by milky attributes (taste, odour, and flavour) as well as the intensity of flavour. In conclusion, the two-strain starter culture would be the more promising alternative for inclusion of that potential probiotic lactobacillus in a fermented milk product.     

一株植物乳杆菌的分离鉴定及应用

从湖南自然发酵的酸豇豆中分离出一株疑似乳酸菌菌株L4,提取其16S rDNA,并经测序、同源性分析和系统发育树构建等,对其属种进行鉴定。结果表明,菌株L4为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。通过耐盐、耐酸和降解亚硝酸盐实验发现,菌株L4可在10%食盐含量条件下生长,耐受pH 2.5,对亚硝酸盐的降解率高达99%。接种菌株L4发酵萝卜干,以自然发酵萝卜干为对照,对发酵萝卜干进行感官评定初步探究该菌株发酵萝卜干的特性。结果表明,菌株L4可以缩短萝卜干发酵周期,提高发酵萝卜干感官评分。     

鱼露中组胺降解菌的分离筛选及耐受性

生物胺(biogenic amines)在某些食品尤其是发酵食品中广泛存在,具有一定的食用安全隐患.为获得用于鱼露等发酵食品的生物胺降解菌,从天然发酵鱼露中采用双层显色培养基法初步筛选出不产生物胺的菌株,再用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法进行复筛,得到一株具有高效组胺降解能力的菌株MZ5.经鉴定该菌株为库德毕赤酵母(Pic...     

发酵肠优良菌种的分离及鉴定

为了得到优良的发酵肠菌株,从国内外10种传统发酵肠中分离出76种菌,通过溶钙圈筛选、耐受性、抑菌实验和发酵特性实验,最后得到一株特性优良的菌株7-3。该菌株具有较高蛋白酶活性,且能在添加了6g/dL NaCl和150mg/kg NaNO2的MRS培养基中生长良好。通过对该菌株进行形态观察、生理生化实验鉴定及16S rDNA序列同源性的比较,将其鉴定为弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus）。本研究得到了发酵特性良好,且耐受性较强的菌种,为肉类发酵剂的制备储备了菌种资源。      

Fermentation of Cucumbers Brined with Calcium Chloride Instead of Sodium Chloride

ABSTRACT: Waste water containing high levels of NaCl from cucumber fermentation tank yards is a continuing problem for the pickled vegetable industry. A major reduction in waste salt could be achieved if NaCl were eliminated from the cucumber fermentation process. The objectives of this project were to ferment cucumbers in brine containing CaCl₂ as the only salt, to determine the course of fermentation metabolism in the absence of NaCl, and to compare firmness retention of cucumbers fermented in CaCl₂ brine during subsequent storage compared to cucumbers fermented in brines containing both NaCl and CaCl₂ at concentrations typically used in commercial fermentations. The major metabolite changes during fermentation without NaCl were conversion of sugars in the fresh cucumbers primarily to lactic acid which caused pH to decrease to less than 3.5. This is the same pattern that occurs when cucumbers are fermented with NaCl as the major brining salt. Lactic acid concentration and pH were stable during storage and there was no detectable production of propionic acid or butyric acid that would indicate growth of spoilage bacteria. Firmness retention in cucumbers fermented with 100 to 300 mM CaCl₂ during storage at a high temperature (45 °C) was not significantly different from that obtained in fermented cucumbers with 1.03 M NaCl and 40 mM CaCl₂. In closed jars, cucumber fermentations with and without NaCl in the fermentation brine were similar both in the chemical changes caused by the fermentative microorganisms and in the retention of firmness in the fermented cucumbers.     

Influence of sodium chloride, pH, and lactic acid bacteria on anaerobic lactic acid utilization during fermented cucumber spoilage

Cucumbers are preserved commercially by natural fermentations in 5% to 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) brines. Occasionally, fermented cucumbers spoil after the primary fermentation is complete. This spoilage has been characterized by decreases in lactic acid and a rise in brine pH caused by microbial instability. Objectives of this study were to determine the combined effects of NaCl and pH on fermented cucumber spoilage and to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) spoilage isolates to initiate lactic acid degradation in fermented cucumbers. Cucumbers fermented with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% NaCl were blended into slurries (FCS) and adjusted to pH 3.2, 3.8, 4.3, and 5.0 prior to centrifugation, sterile-filtration, and inoculation with spoilage organisms. Organic acids and pH were measured initially and after 3 wk, 2, 6, 12, and 18 mo anaerobic incubation at 25 °C. Anaerobic lactic acid degradation occurred in FCS at pH 3.8, 4.3, and 5.0 regardless of NaCl concentration. At pH 3.2, reduced NaCl concentrations resulted in increased susceptibility to spoilage, indicating that the pH limit for lactic acid utilization in reduced NaCl fermented cucumbers is 3.2 or lower. Over 18 mo incubation, only cucumbers fermented with 6% NaCl to pH 3.2 prevented anaerobic lactic acid degradation by spoilage bacteria. Among several LAB species isolated from fermented cucumber spoilage, Lactobacillus buchneri was unique in its ability to metabolize lactic acid in FCS with concurrent increases in acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol. Therefore, L. buchneri may be one of multiple organisms that contribute to development of fermented cucumber spoilage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Microbial spoilage of fermented cucumbers during bulk storage causes economic losses for producers. Current knowledge is insufficient to predict or control these losses. This study demonstrated that in the absence of oxygen, cucumbers fermented with 6% sodium chloride to pH 3.2 were not subject to spoilage. However, lactic acid was degraded by spoilage microorganisms in reduced salt, even with pH as low as 3.2. Efforts to reduce salt in commercial brining operations will need to include control measures for this increased susceptibility to spoilage. Lactobacillus buchneri was identified as a potential causative agent and could be used as a target in development of such control measures.     

1 株高效降胆固醇乳酸菌的功能与发酵特性

通过研究乳酸菌X3-2B降胆固醇功能特性以及在发酵香肠中的发酵特性,确定高效降胆固醇性能的肉制品发酵剂。结果表明：菌株X3-2B在培养温度为30 ℃、pH 5.5时胆固醇降解率最大,在MRS胆固醇筛选培养基中其胆固醇降解率最大且优于标准菌株植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum,LP）。并以菌株X3-2B为发酵剂做的发酵香肠其水分活度、pH值在相同天数时下降程度显著优于自然发酵组（P＜0.05）,色泽、乳酸菌数都优于对照组,且发酵香肠14 d与0 d相比,添加发酵剂的发酵香肠胆固醇含量显著降低（P＜0.05）且在贮存56 d时X3-2B组发酵香肠胆固醇含量低于自然发酵组与LP组,故菌株X3-2B可作为一株降胆固醇性能较好的肉制品发酵剂。