高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预对脑梗死患者生活质量的影响

目的探究高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预对脑梗死患者生活质量的影响。方法收集2015年6月至2017年8月我院收治的脑梗死患者89例,根据所采取的护理方案不同,分为研究组与对照组,其中对照组患者(n=41)例采取常规护理,研究组患者(n=48)则在对照组的基础上进行高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预。比较2组患者护理干预6个月后的生活质量、干预前后的日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living, ADL)评分和护理满意度。结果护理干预后,与对照组患者相比,研究组患者的各项生活质量评分更高(P0.05),研究组患者的ADL评分也明显更高(P0.05);与对照组患者相比,研究组患者的护理满意度明显更高(P0.05)。结论高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预可明显提高脑梗死患者的日常生活活动能力,改善患者的生活质量,具有较高的护理满意度。     

高蛋白饮食联合生活方式干预对肥胖患者体重控制及糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探究高蛋白饮食模式联合生活方式干预对肥胖患者体重控制及糖、脂代谢的影响。方法：选取2021年4月—2022年6月在中国中医科学院望京医院营养科就诊,且接受医学减重治疗的93例肥胖患者为研究对象。对肥胖患者行高蛋白饮食和体育锻炼、行为干预,收集患者干预前和干预1个月后、干预6个月后体重、身高、腰围、臀围指标,以及血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),比较干预前和干预后体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比以及血清糖脂代谢指标的变化。结果：经高蛋白饮食联合生活方式干预后,患者BMI及腰臀比较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),干预6个月改善情况优于1个月。另外,干预后患者血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG及FINS水平均较干预前显著降低(P<0.05),且干预6个月后,下降水平更为显著(P<0.05)。结论：对肥胖患者实施高蛋白饮食联合体育锻炼等生活方式干预,可有效降低患者体重,改善患者中心性肥胖情况和糖脂代谢。     

银发族健康饮食7原则

银发族常指65岁以上的老年人，其营养要求和成年人基本相同。但由于生理、心理以及免疫机能上的变化而有其特殊性，因此，饮食上也应顺其改变。营养专家建议的健康饮食原则，可作为安排老年人饮食内容的参考。     

大豆和猪肉来源的高蛋白饮食对小鼠肥胖及肠道菌群的影响

肥胖是一种复杂的代谢性疾病,与肠道菌群有一定的联系。为分析大豆和猪肉来源的高蛋白饮食对小鼠肥胖的干预作用及对肠道菌群结构的影响,采用高脂膳食诱导构建C57BL/6J小鼠肥胖模型,随后将肥胖小鼠按体质量随机分为4组,高脂饮食(HF)组、普通恢复(NR)组、高大豆蛋白饮食(HSP)组和高猪肉蛋白饮食(HPP)组,进行为期12周的膳食干预,同时设置空白对照(NC)组,通过对炎症因子及脂肪结构等指标的检测,分析大豆和猪肉来源的高蛋白饮食对肥胖小鼠的干预作用;同时,取盲肠内容物通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析各组小鼠肠道菌群的差异性。与NR组相比,HSP组及HPP组小鼠体质量和血清脂多糖水平、肿瘤坏死因子α质量浓度均有不同程度的下降;同时,肝脏苏木精-伊红染色和油红O染色结果显示,HSP组和HPP组小鼠肝脏脂肪沉积明显减轻(P<0.05)。高脂饮食和高蛋白饮食显著降低了小鼠肠道菌群物种丰富度及进化关系的多样性,而对物种多样性与均匀度无显著影响(P>0.05)。高蛋白饮食改善了小鼠的肥胖,并改变了肥胖小鼠的肠道菌群结构。研究旨在为通过饮食干预调控肠道菌群预防和改善肥胖提供新的见解...     

L-茶氨酸对高蛋白饮食诱导大鼠行为变化的干预作用

高蛋白饮食可导致焦虑或抑郁自主行为,自主行为是判断是否具有焦虑或抑郁病症的重要方法.本研究通过对SPF级6周龄SD雄性大鼠进行40 d灌胃实验,采用旷场与明暗箱实验观察以及测定生理生化指标的方法,探究不同剂量L-茶氨酸(100、200、400 mg/(kg mb·d))对不同蛋白水平饮食(蛋白质供能比分别为20％、30...     

巴马长寿特征饮食模式对自然衰老小鼠的抗衰老效果

为了检验巴马长寿特征饮食模式的抗衰老效果,本实验采用3月龄年轻小鼠和15月龄自然衰老小鼠为研究对象,依据团队前期研究结果,选取巴马长寿区饮食的特征营养素(膳食纤维、VA、VC、VE、β-胡萝卜素、大豆异黄酮、番茄红素、铁、锰、钴、硒元素)为调控因子,并加入益生菌,进一步优化出两种巴马长寿特征饮食模式(优食Ⅰ和优食Ⅱ)....     

山楂-麦芽提取物、益生菌及其联合对高蛋白饮食小鼠胃肠道功能的影响

该研究建立高蛋白饮食诱导的食积小鼠模型,并使用干酪乳杆菌LH23、山楂-麦芽提取物以及两者联合对食积小鼠进行干预。结果表明：山楂-麦芽提取物与干酪乳杆菌联合作用于食积小鼠可使粪便含水量提高12.82%(P<0.01),胃残留率降低0.68%(P<0.05),小肠推进率提高19.48%(P<0.01),改善程度优于单独作用。同时两者联合干预还可以提高食积小鼠的胃泌素（gastrin,GAS）水平,提高率为21.28%(P<0.05);降低食积小鼠生长抑素（somatostatin,SS）水平,降低率为16.5%(P<0.05)。综上,山楂-麦芽提取物与干酪乳杆菌联合干预可通过减少高蛋白饮食小鼠胃内食物残留、促进肠道蠕动等作用显著改善高蛋白饮食诱导的食积症状。     

低碳水化合物饮食对2型糖尿病患者的影响研究进展

低碳水化合物饮食是目前较为关注的控制糖尿病的饮食方式,包含低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食和低碳水化合物高蛋白质饮食。低碳水化合物饮食通过糖异生和酮生成作用降低葡萄糖的可用性来控制体重和血糖。但这种饮食方式对人体有很多负面影响。本文综述了低碳水化合物饮食对2型糖尿病患者的血管、心肌、肾脏的影响,以及此饮食方式的饮食依从性的研究进展,为低碳水化合物饮食对2型糖尿病患者的影响提供参考。     

饮食方式对健康的影响

如今,全球每年不断攀升的肥胖率和逐渐恶化的健康状况令人们开始反思:我们所习惯的食谱正在日益加剧身体的负担,该如何做出调整?在一次饮食健康访问活动中,中西方的专家对这个全球性问题进行了交流探讨。万雯赟:饮食是一种整体理念全球各地都在倡导健康的饮食方式,并将其归纳成特定的概念,比如著名的     

魔芋低聚糖对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢的影响

本实验以雄性昆明小鼠为研究对象,将其随机分为正常饲料组、高脂饮食组和低聚糖干预高脂饮食组,将质量分数3%的魔芋低聚糖添加到高脂饲料中,研究魔芋低聚糖对高脂饮食小鼠的体质量、肝指数、血脂及氧化应激水平的调节作用,并采用聚合酶链式反应法测定相关基因表达情况,对机理进行初步探讨。结果表明：在高脂饮食中添加魔芋低聚糖可显著降低小鼠的体质量、肝质量,并有效改善血脂组分,可以抑制小鼠体内丙二醛的生成,这可能与其具有显著提高机体抗氧化能力有关;低聚糖干预显著上调肉碱棕榈酰转移酶的mRNA表达,表明脂肪分解代谢加快;显著上调低密度脂蛋白受体的mRNA表达,可以降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。综上所述,魔芋低聚糖的干预可以有效降低肥胖所带来的危险。     

Long-term high animal protein diet reduces body weight gain and insulin secretion in diet-induced obese rats

BACKGROUND: The effects of a high protein diet on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism have been quite controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long‐term isocaloric high animal protein intake on insulin secretion in diet‐induced obese rats. RESULTS: After the experimental period (24 weeks), the high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats that were fed isocaloric high‐protein diets (HP) had lower body weight gain (P < 0.01) and lower visceral fat (P < 0.05) than normal protein (NP) rats. Fasting plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) was also reduced significantly (P < 0.05), as well as serum insulin levels at 5 min and 10 min by intravenous insulin releasing test. In addition, insulin mRNA and pancreatic duodenal homeodomain‐1 (PDX‐1), GLP‐1 protein expression were both markedly lower in HP rats (P < 0.05), while PDX‐1 mRNA in HP rats had no difference from NP rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that long‐term isocaloric high animal protein intake reduces the acute insulin response in obese rats and the decrease of insulin is associated with both reduced weight gain and inhibition of PDX‐1 expression. GLP‐1 might be a negative feedback for the balance of energy metabolism secondary to changes of body weight and visceral fat. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

槲皮素对高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆能力的影响研究

探讨槲皮素对高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆的影响及可能机制。4周龄C57B/L雌性小鼠45只,随机分为三组:对照组（基础日粮）,高脂组（约20%脂肪）,槲皮素组（高脂日粮+0.01%槲皮素）。第26周进行Morris水迷宫实验,实验结束后取小鼠大脑皮层和海马组织测定氧化应激指标,荧光定量PCR检测海马组织中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、核转录因子Nrf2及血红素单加氧酶（HO-1）的基因表达。结果显示,高脂组小鼠学习记忆能力显著下降,脑组织出现明显的氧化应激,Nrf2、HO-1和BDNF基因表达显著下调;槲皮素干预后,大脑氧化应激程度减轻,Nrf2、HO-1和BDNF基因表达上调,学习记忆能力得到显著改善。槲皮素改善高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆,可能与上调Nrf2/HO-1通路及BDNF的基因表达有关。      

Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract provokes oxidative stress in the liver of dairy cows fed a high-grain diet

The aims of this study were to measure oxidative stress parameters and to investigate the molecular mechanism triggered by grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in mid-lactation cows. Twelve Holstein-Friesian cows with an average weight of 455 ± 28 kg were divided into 2 groups and subjected to 2 diets over 18 wk: either a low-grain (forage-to-concentrate ratio = 6:4) or a high-grain (forage-to-concentrate ratio = 4:6) diet based on dry matter. Being fed a long-term high-grain diet resulted in a significant decrease in rumen pH and a significant increase in ruminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 4 h postfeeding in the morning. The increase was also observed in LPS concentrations in the portal vein, hepatic vein, and jugular vein blood plasma as well as reduced milk yield in a high-grain diet. Cows fed a high-grain diet had lower levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and total antioxidant capacity than cows fed a low-grain diet; however, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in both the liver and the plasma of high-grain than in low-grain cows. Positive correlations were observed between plasma LPS versus hepatic MDA, plasma MDA, and hepatic SOD activity, whereas hepatic GPx and plasma GPx were negatively correlated with plasma LPS. The relative mRNA abundances of GPX1 and CAT were significantly lower in the liver of cows fed a high-grain diet than those fed a low-grain diet, whereas SOD1 was significantly higher in cows fed a high-grain diet than cows fed a low-grain diet. The expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1, MT1E, UGT1A1, MGST3, and MT1A were downregulated, whereas NF-kB was upregulated, in cows fed a high-grain diet. Furthermore, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) total protein and mRNA levels were significantly lower than in low-grains. Our results demonstrate the relationship between the translocated LPS and the suppression of cellular antioxidant defense capacity, which lead to increased oxidative stress and suggests that the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response may be affected by higher levels of LPS translocated to the bloodstream.     

Riboflavin and health: A review of recent human research

There has lately been a renewed interest in Riboflavin owing to insight into its recognition as an essential component of cellular biochemistry. The knowledge of the mechanisms and regulation of intestinal absorption of riboflavin and its health implications has significantly been expanded in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the importance of riboflavin, its absorption and metabolism in health and diseased conditions, its deficiency and its association with various health diseases, and metabolic disorders. Efforts have been made to review the available information in literature on the relationship between riboflavin and various clinical abnormalities. The role of riboflavin has also been dealt in the prevention of a wide array of health diseases like migraine, anemia, cancer, hyperglycemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress directly or indirectly. The riboflavin deficiency has profound effect on iron absorption, metabolism of tryptophan, mitochondrial dysfunction, gastrointestinal tract, brain dysfunction, and metabolism of other vitamins as well as is associated with skin disorders. Toxicological and photosensitizing properties of riboflavin make it suitable for biological use, such as virus inactivation, excellent photosensitizer, and promising adjuvant in chemo radiotherapy in cancer treatment. A number of recent studies have indicated and highlighted the cellular processes and biological effects associated with riboflavin supplementation in metabolic diseases. Overall, a deeper understanding of these emerging roles of riboflavin intake is essential to design better therapies for future.     

荞麦槲皮素对高胆固醇饮食大鼠的降脂及肝损伤修复作用

研究荞麦槲皮素对高胆固醇大鼠脂质代谢及肝损伤的防治效果。将54只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性组、荞麦槲皮素低(50 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、高(200 mg/kg)剂量组。建立高脂血症大鼠模型5周后,灌胃荞麦槲皮素干预治疗,测定各组大鼠血清脂质、抗氧化水平,以及肝脏抗氧化水平,并观察肝脏组织病理切片。结果表明：与模型组相比,荞麦槲皮素能够降低TC、TG、LDL-C的含量,回调HDL-C的含量,较模型组差异极显著;荞麦槲皮素各剂量组的ALT、AST活力有不同程度降低,剂量越高,下降幅度越大。同时,荞麦槲皮素高剂量组上调了血清中141.17 U/mgprot的SOD酶活力,下调了血清中1.21 U/mgprot的MDA含量,肝脏中SOD、MDA含量亦出现此趋势,HE染色结果表明,荞麦槲皮素各剂量组肝细胞排列整齐,脂肪滴变小,肝脏病变减轻。由此可见,荞麦槲皮素能显著调节高胆固醇膳食大鼠血脂异常,降低体内脂质蓄积,提高肝脏抗氧化能力,修复肝损伤。     

植物甾醇酯对高脂饮食大鼠结肠内容物短链脂肪酸的影响

目的:研究植物甾醇酯(phytosterol ester,PSE)对高脂饮食大鼠结肠内容物短链脂肪酸的影响。方法:将30只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组,其中正常对照组饲喂普通饲料,高脂组饲喂高脂饲料,PSE干预组分别灌胃低(0.05 g/100 g BW·d)、高剂量PSE (0.10 g/100 g BW·d) PSE强化牛奶;连续干预13周后,处死动物取结肠内容物,利用气相色谱法测定其SCFAs的含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,高脂饮食使大鼠结肠内容物中总SCFAs含量增加33.63%,其中丙酸含量显著升高(126.07%)(p<0.05),乙酸(26.05%)和异戊酸(42.11%)含量具有升高趋势(p>0.05),丁酸(33.21%)和戊酸(23.92%)含量则表现为降低趋势(p>0.05);而PSE干预可抑制高脂饮食所致大鼠结肠内容物中SCFAs水平的升高,其中低剂量PSE可显著降低丙酸(51.52%)、丁酸(59.59%)、异戊酸(60.66%)和戊酸(72.07%)的含量(p<0.05);高剂量PSE干预可降低丁酸(29.48%)的含量(p>0.05),并显著降低乙酸(48.64%)、丙酸(58.39%)、戊酸(69.12%)和异戊酸(58.59%)的含量(p<0.05)。结论:高脂饮食会引起大鼠结肠中SCFAs水平的升高,而PSE可能通过降低结肠内容物SCFAs的含量来调节大鼠肠道内环境。     

大豆蛋白肽对高蛋白焙烤食品质构的影响

焙烤食品添加高含量的大豆蛋白配料会导致产品质构硬化,口感变差。本文首先研究了大豆蛋白添加量对焙烤食品质构的影响,并系统研究了添加高水分活度的大豆肽及乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)对高蛋白焙烤食品质构特性的影响。研究表明,高水分活度大豆肽可明显改善高蛋白焙烤食品的质构,弱化硬度,增加了产品的回复性,从而改善了产品的口感。