磷脂酶固定化方法的研究

分别采用海藻酸钠、海藻酸钠-壳聚糖和海藻酸钠-明胶固定化磷脂酶,研究发现固定化磷脂酶最适反应温度比游离酶提高10℃左右,反应适宜pH范围明显变宽.海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化磷脂酶的热稳定性最好,操作稳定性由强至弱为海藻酸钠-明胶固定化酶、海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化酶、海藻酸钠固定化酶,重复使用4次后酶相对活力分别为80%、80%和50%.固定磷脂酶的最佳载体为海藻酸钠-壳聚糖.     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化胃蛋白酶的研究

采用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法对胃蛋白酶进行固定化。以固定化酶的活力回收率为指标,探讨了固定化的条件及固定化胃蛋白酶与游离胃蛋白酶的酶学性质。结果表明:最优固定化条件为,海藻酸钠浓度为3.40%,壳聚糖浓度为3.39%,CaCl2浓度为3.64%,游离酶稀释倍数20倍,交联时间4h,固定化酶回收率74.87%±1.07%;固定化酶的最适温度47℃,最适pH3.5;得到的固定化酶的操作稳定性和热力学稳定性都较好,该固定化酶重复使用5次后,活力仍可以保持62%以上。     

包埋-交联磷脂酶A1聚集体的制备及酶学性质

为得到可重复使用且活力较高的固定化磷脂酶A1,采用包埋-交联酶聚集体的方法对磷脂酶A1进行固定,对固定化条件和部分酶学特性进行优化和研究,确定最佳条件为:酶液质量浓度0.06g/mL、沉淀剂饱和度80%、沉淀pH6、沉淀时间35min、戊二醛体积分数0.4%、交联时间6.5h、海藻酸钠质量分数2%、Ca2+浓度0.25mol/L。得到包埋-交联磷脂酶聚集体A1的酶活回收率为80.2%。固定化酶热稳定性增强,重复使用7次相对酶活力保留在6 5%以上。     

包埋-交联结合法固定β-呋喃果糖苷酶的研究

分别以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖为载体,采用包埋-交联法固定β-呋喃果糖苷酶。对固定化过程中氯化钙浓度、戊二醛浓度、加酶量、包埋时间、交联时间等因素进行考察;采用正交试验设计对载体制备与酶固定化中的主要条件进行优化。通过对固定化酶活力回收比较,壳聚糖固定化酶活力回收率优于海藻酸钠。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的研究

以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为包埋材料,戊二醛为交联剂,固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶,研究了固定化条件与固定化酶的活力回收的关系.通过单因素和正交实验确定了最佳的固定化方法,即:壳聚糖(脱乙酰度=85%)浓度为1.5%、海藻酸钠浓度为2%、戊二醛浓度为1.0%、钙离子浓度为0.7mol/L、pH为5,固定化酶的活力回收达到83.8%.固定化酶的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为5,该固定化酶重复使用5次后,其活力仍能保持70%.由于β-葡萄糖苷酶比较昂贵,采用固定化技术将其固定在载体上反复使用,可以达到简化工艺、降低成本的目的,作用于大豆异黄酮的水解方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微胶囊固定化磷脂酶A1(PLA1)的研究

以微胶囊法固定化磷脂酶A1,考察固定化方法、固定化载体和固定化条件与固定化酶的活力回收的关系,结果表明,微胶囊包埋法固定化磷脂酶A1的最佳条件是:壳聚糖(DD%=85%、分子量为1.3×105)浓度为1.5%、海藻酸钠浓度为3%、戊二醛浓度1%、钙离子浓度为0.5mol/L、pH值为6。固定化酶的活力回收达到81%,半衰期为350h。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖钠固定碱性果胶酶的研究

采用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化碱性果胶酶,通过对固定化酶活力回收率影响条件的讨论,确定碱性果胶酶固定化的最优条件为:海藻酸钠3%,碳酸钙1.5%,游离酶1 500 U/g,乳化时间50 min,乳化剂MOA-3用量0.4 mL/L,转速500 r/min,壳聚糖1.5%。结果表明:固定化酶活力回收率达到69.23%。制备的固定化酶最适pH为9,最适温度为60℃,这种固定化酶比游离酶的耐热性和耐碱性有明显提高,而且固定化操作稳定性较好,重复利用5次后,酶活力仍可保持原来的60%。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化碱性蛋白酶的研究

对主要采用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化碱性蛋白酶做了研究。在各项单因素试验基础的上,以固定化酶的酶活回收率为指标,采用响应面优化方法确定固定化碱性蛋白酶的最优条件。得到的最佳条件为,海藻酸钠浓度为3.00%,游离酶稀释倍数10.09,交联时间1.00 h,壳聚糖浓度3.76%,氯化钙浓度3.35%,响应面最优值为70.44%±1.03%。该固定化碱性蛋白酶的最适p H为10,最适温度为65℃,制得的固定化酶的热力学稳定性及酶学性质都比较好,在重复使用5次后酶活力仍可保持在65%。     

琼脂包埋法固定化酪氨酸酶的研究

在海藻酸钠、明胶等5种固定化载体筛选的基础上,研究了以琼脂作为载体材料,采用包埋法固定化酪氨酸酶,优化固定条件,并对固定化酶特性进行了研究。结果表明,最适固定化条件为3%的琼脂、固定化时间为2h。固定化酶的最适pH为7·0、最适温度为30℃、最适底物浓度为0·01mol/L。同时具有较好的反应稳定性和贮存稳定性,重复使用7次后其活力回收率仍达到68·3%,12d后该固定化酶的残余活力保留原酶活的75·4%左右。     

包埋固定化酶降解牛奶αs1-酪蛋白过敏性研究

利用海藻酸钠固定化蛋白酶,探求其对牛奶过敏原αs1-酪蛋白的特异性降解。以固定化酶的活力回收率为指标,探究了固定化的条件、固定化酶的部分性质以及固定化酶在去除牛奶过敏原蛋白的应用。结果表明:最优固定化条件为,海藻酸钠质量分数为4.0%,Ca Cl2的质量分数为3.0%,固定化时间0.5 h,固定化酶量为V(海藻酸钠)∶V(酶液)为1∶3,固定化效率达到67.5%;固定后的酶最适反应温度70℃,最适反应p H 10.0,连续使用6次后剩余酶活达到40.0%以上;将固定化酶作用于2.0%脱脂奶粉溶液中,60℃条件下反应25 min过敏原αs1-酪蛋白得到特异性降解。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press