不同扫描方式南果梨近红外模型差异性研究

依据近红外光谱原理,分别以不同的扫描方式对南果梨样品进行光谱扫描,并对80个南果梨样品分别建立可溶性固形物(SSC)、有效酸度(pH)模型,模型的相关系数和校正集标准偏差均达到应用要求,应用所建模型对20个已知成分含量的南果梨进行可溶性固形物和有效酸度的预测,预测值方差分析结果表明模型间有显著差异,确定180°转动扫描2次(正反两面扫描两次)条件下建立的模型为最佳.     

果实成熟度对南果梨近红外无损检测技术模型的影响

通过研究不同成熟度的南果梨内部化学成分含量的差异性,建立不同成熟度的南果梨可溶性固形物、酸度近红外模型,并研究模型性能的差异性,讨论成熟度的变化对南果梨近红外分析技术的影响。结果表明：在2007 年9 月13 日采收的南果梨糖、酸含量与在9 月7 日和9 月10 日采收的南果梨存在显著差异性,而7 日与10 日采收的无差异性变化;建立不同成熟度的南果梨可溶性固形物、酸度模型的相关系数都高于0.9,校正均方根误差为0.014～0.201;对模型预测能力分析表明,样品采收期在9 月13 日的模型适用范围明显高于其他两个成熟度的模型,证明成熟度的显著差异性变化,扩大了校正集样品化学成分含量的范围,进而提高了模型的适用范围。     

扫描方式对南果梨近红外光谱无损检测模型建立的影响研究

利用Purespect型近红外光谱分析仪,以不同的扫描方式对南果梨样品进行近红外透射分析.方差分析结果表明,单测点扫描6次光谱无显著性差异,仪器稳定性好;多测点扫描4次,并对80个南果梨样品分别建立可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、pH模型,模型的相关系数和校正集标准偏差均达到应用要求;应用模型对20个南果梨的SSC和pH进行预测,预测值方差分析结果表明模型间有显著差异.确定180°转动扫描2次(正反两面扫描两次)为可靠、快速、易操作的扫描方式.     

南果梨糖度近红外光谱无损检测模型的建立

利用近红外透射光谱仪,对产自辽宁省鞍山地区的具有代表性的南果梨样品建立了近红外透射光谱与南果梨糖度的数学模型,并对模型进行了预测.结果表明:南果梨中可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量的近红外光谱预测值与化学实测值之间的相关系数分剐为0.9364、0.8586,预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)分剐为0.2285、0.07929,其中以可溶性固形物含量作为定标参数建立模型的预测能力较强,证实利用近红外透射光谱建立的定标模型来测定南果梨的糖度是可行的.     

可见/近红外漫反射光谱无损检测磨盘柿果实硬度的研究

建立可见/近红外光谱与磨盘柿果实硬度之间的数学模型,评价可见/近红外光谱技术无损检测磨盘柿硬度的应用价值。在可见/近红外光谱区域(570～1848nm),实验对比分析了不同数学建模算法、不同导数处理方法和不同散射及标准化处理的磨盘柿果实硬度定标模型。结果表明,应用偏最小二乘回归算法、一阶导处理和标准正常化和散射处理所建柿果实硬度定标模型的预测性能较优,模型的相关系数(Rc2)为0.7992,均方根误差(RMSEC)为2.0642;用该模型对40个预测样本进行预测,其相关系数(Rp2)为0.8267,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为2.0223。研究表明,可见/近红外漫反射技术对磨盘柿果实硬度的快速无损检测具有可行性。     

基于ACO-SVR法的麦粒硬度预测研究

以蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization,ACO)结合支持向量机回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)为新的改进方法进行特征波段的选择,并应用到对麦粒硬度的预测研究方面,来探测预测能力的可行性。研究结果表明:模型的相关系数R_(cv)=0.981 0,均方根误差RMSE_(cv)=0.038 2;预测结果的相关系数R_P=0.954 4,均方根误差RMSE_P=0.059 0。相比全光谱PLS、IPLS算法,减少一定的建模所用的变量数的同时又在预测能力和精度方面均有所提高,能够更好地体现波段的优选模型。证实了ACO–SVR法应用到粮粒硬度的预测研究方面是可行的。     

同步荧光光谱法测定橙汁中原果汁的含量

利用同步荧光光谱法对橙汁中原果汁含量进行定量分析。对样本的同步荧光光谱数据进行预处理然后选择不同的光谱波段结合偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)法建立原果汁含量预测模型,并对预测集样本进行预测来验证模型的准确性以及此法的可行性。结果显示:平滑处理结合一阶导数处理后的光谱数据更加适用于模型建立;使用全波段光谱建立的模型性能优于区间波段所建立模型。最终得到的最优模型对预测集进行预测时所得预测均方根误差(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.035832,决定系数(coefficient of determination,R2)为0.972570。由此可以说明同步荧光光谱法结合PLS可实现原果汁含量的定量分析。     

苹果脆度的近红外无损检测

为了更好的对苹果的脆度进行检测,试验应用波长范围为643.26～985.11nm的Purespect近红外透射光谱仪对60个富士苹果的校正集样品和20个预测集样品进行了光谱扫描,比较了不同的光谱预处理方法和不同建模波段对模型的影响,最终确立的模型相关系数(Rc)为0.941,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.390。对模型预测性能的验证结果表明:建立的苹果脆度模型性能较稳定,能满足实际应用的要求。     

苹果有效酸度的近红外无损检测研究

为了更好的对苹果的有效酸度进行检测,实验应用波长范围为643.26～985.11 nm的Purespect近红外透射光谱仪对100个富士苹果的校正集样品和20个预测集样品进行了光谱扫描,比较了不同的光谱预处理方法和不同建模波段对模型的影响,最终确立的模型相关系数(RC)为0.925,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.0395.对模型预测性能的验证结果表明:建立的苹果有效酸度模型性能较稳定,能满足实际应用的要求.     

南果梨中总黄酮的光谱分析及抗氧化性能测定

采用超声波法从南果梨中提取黄酮类化合物，并建立了南果梨中总黄酮的光谱分析方法。本法的回收率为92.0％～105．0％，变异系数小于0．14％。并用流动注射化学发光法研究了南果梨的抗氧化性能，实验结果表明：具有一定的抗氧化性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the