用气相色谱法测定食用植物调和油配方的研究

依据人体饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸与多不饱和脂肪酸摄取比例为1∶1∶1,多不饱和脂肪酸n-6∶n-3=(4～6)∶1,建立数学模型,并将其编程,利用matlab数学分析软件计算,得到同时满足以上两个条件的食用植物调和油中各原料植物油所占百分比.按照百分比调配,得到调配样品.测定样品脂肪酸含量的变化,确定食用植物调和油脂肪酸组成的一个区间值,以此脂肪酸组成区间值为依据来鉴别食用植物调和油.并选择市售食用植物调和油进行验证试验.     

人工神经网络优化军曹鱼内脏鱼油酶法提取工艺参数

以军曹鱼内脏为原料,采用人工神经网络优化酶解法提取军曹鱼内脏鱼油的工艺条件并制备了酶解蛋白.研究结果表明:采用木瓜蛋白酶提取鱼油,在液固比2.5∶1、酶解温度50℃、酶用量为2.5％的条件下酶解3h,鱼油得率和提取率分别为49.84％和96.38％(干基),酶解蛋白的得率和提取率分别为28.46％和61.60％(干基);军曹鱼内脏鱼油的饱和脂肪酸主要为C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0,单不饱和脂肪酸主要为C18∶1、C16∶1,多不饱和脂肪酸主要为C20∶5(n-3)和C22∶6(n-3);制备得到酶解蛋白粉具有高蛋白低脂肪的特点.研究结果为鱼类下脚料的综合加工利用提供了参考.     

营养型植物调和油配方数学模型的建立及应用

按照2000年中国营养学会提出的食用油脂肪酸推荐比例：饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的质量比是1:1:1、多不饱和脂肪酸中n-6与n-3的质量比是(4～6):1,建立数学模型,并将其编程,利用Matlab数学软件计算,方便快捷地计算出同时满足以上两个条件的调和油中各原料植物油所占百分比,并得出适合煎炸的调和油、米糠调和油、高档调和油和价格最低调和油的配方。经验证配方中脂肪酸比例符合中国营养学会推荐比例,说明建立的数学模型可有效地应用于营养型植物调和油配方研究。     

功能性调和油的研制

依据我国人民饮食中猪脂摄入量22.6g/人·日和25g色拉油/人·日(国家统计局2002年统计显示:猪肉消费量91g/人·日,猪肉平均脂肪含量24.8%),选用大豆油、米糠油、菜籽油、棉籽油、葵花油、亚麻油、椰子油等十几种色拉油、以及浓香花生油和芝麻香油,根据气相色谱及高压液相色谱分析测定的油脂脂肪酸组成、VE含量,以及市售油脂的价格因素等建立了功能性调和油的线性规划问题的数学模型,用Mathematica4.0求解各油脂配比,根据求解与调和工艺制成脂肪酸配比达到饱和脂肪酸(SFA):单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA):多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)配比为3∶4∶3(n-6∶n-3=4～6∶1)、含0.8mg维生素E/1g不饱和脂肪酸的功能性调和油。     

裂殖壶菌油脂水酶法提取工艺优化及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用水酶法对裂殖壶菌油脂的提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素和正交实验优化提取工艺条件,并对裂殖壶菌油脂的脂肪酸组成进行分析。实验结果表明,水酶法提取裂殖壶菌油脂的最佳工艺条件:复合酶配比2∶8(纤维素酶∶中性蛋白酶,U∶U),液料比4 m L/g,加酶量2 500 U/g,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间4h;在此优化条件下,裂殖壶菌油脂提取率为82.47%。裂殖壶菌油脂脂肪酸以C14∶0、C16∶0、C22∶5n-6和C22∶6n-3为主,其脂肪酸组成简单,且C22∶6n-3质量分数高达32.65%,表明裂殖壶菌油脂具有很高的营养价值和功能性油脂的开发潜力,可作为C22∶6n-3的重要食药来源。     

鳡鱼调和油的配制及烹饪应用效果

根据不同油脂的脂肪酸含量特点,通过数学建模的方法将鳡鱼油、花生油和大豆油进行调和,并用于土豆丝的烹饪,以扩大鳡鱼油的应用范围。结果表明,调和油中各油质量分数为鳡鱼油19.2%～28.5%、花生油55.5%～66.6%、大豆油14.2%～16.0%时,脂肪酸配比较合理,能同时满足单不饱和脂肪酸∶多不饱和脂肪
酸=1∶1和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸∶ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸=（4～6）∶1。烹饪后,调和油的酸值增幅比鳡鱼油降低了83.7%～123.6%,过氧化值没有显著变化,丙二醛含量低于0.3 mg/kg,二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）＋二十碳五烯酸（EPA）保留率高达90.3%～92.7%。调和油添加0.2‰复合抗氧化剂时,保质期可达到12 个月。     

水酶法提取斑点叉尾鮰内脏油的工艺研究

为提高鱼类加工废弃物的综合利用率,以斑点叉尾鮰内脏为原料,采用水酶法制备鱼油。结果表明：水酶法提取鱼油的最佳工艺条件为初始pH7.5、料液比1:1、加酶量3500U/g、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间0.5h,该条件下鱼油的提取率达到80.94%;提取到的鱼油(即粗鱼油)外观呈黄褐色,具有鱼腥味和轻微的酸败味,其过氧化值较低,而酸值相对较高;粗鱼油中的饱和脂肪酸相对含量为19.42%,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸分别为61.76% 和16.83%,Σn-3/Σn-6 的脂肪酸比值达到3.63。表明斑点叉尾鮰内脏是生产鱼油的良好来源。     

水酶法提取北太平洋鱿鱼肝脏油脂及其脂肪酸组成分析

研究了水酶法提取北太平洋鱿鱼肝脏油脂的工艺,考察了蛋白酶种类、料液比、反应温度、提取时间和加酶量对油脂提取率的影响,并采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对所提油脂的脂肪酸组成进行分析。通过单因素和正交优化实验得到水酶法提取北太平洋鱿鱼肝脏油脂的最佳条件:中性蛋白酶为水解酶、料液比1∶0(g/m L)、反应温度55℃、提取时间6 h、加酶量1800 U/g;在该优化条件下,油脂提取率为79.21%。北太平洋鱿鱼肝脏油脂脂肪酸主要为C16∶0(16.27%)、C18∶1n-9(11.68%)、C20∶1n-11(12.94%)、EPA(9.81%)和DHA(23.61%),其中n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸高达35.97%,且∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA为7.99,表明北太平洋鱿鱼肝脏油脂具有很高的营养价值和保健功能,可作为EPA和DHA等功能性脂肪酸的重要食药来源。     

超声波协同复合酶法提取香菇多糖的工艺优化

优化超声波协同复合酶法提取香菇中多糖成分的工艺。以香菇多糖提取率为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳提取工艺参数。结果表明,超声波提取优化工艺条件为:料液比1∶15(g/mL),超声温度70℃,超声时间12 min。在此最佳超声提取条件下香菇多糖提取率为8.97%。在超声波优化的基础上,进行复合酶处理,最佳酶解工艺参数为:酶解时间50 min,复合酶(木瓜蛋白酶∶纤维素酶∶果胶酶=1∶1∶1,质量比)添加量3%,酶解温度60℃,酶解pH5.5,在此优化条件下香菇多糖提取率为12.46%。     

酶解法制备罗非鱼油工艺研究

采用酶解法提取冷冻罗非鱼头中的鱼油。以鱼油提取率为评价指标,利用单因素实验结合响应面分析法对酶解提鱼油工艺进行优化。确定的酶解最佳工艺条件为:酶解时间2.5 h、复合蛋白酶添加量1.25%、料液比1∶1、酶解温度56℃,在此条件下得到的鱼油提取率为81.3%,经小试实验鱼油提取率达到80.4%。粗鱼油经过活性白土脱色和过滤除杂,得到的精制鱼油理化指标除碘值外均符合SC/T 3502—2000精制鱼油一级标准。采用气相色谱法测定精制鱼油的脂肪酸组成,结果表明,鱼油以不饱和脂肪酸为主(72.15%),其中单不饱和脂肪酸占36.04%,主要为油酸;多不饱和脂肪酸占36.11%,主要为亚油酸。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the