方位数字波束形成SAR系统的性能分析

讨论了数字波束形成(DBF,digital beamforming)技术在星载合成孔径雷达(SAR,synthetic aperture radar)系统中的应用.详细讨论了天线尺寸,方位分辨率,脉冲重复频率等系统参数,分析了数字波束形成SAR系统的性能,并与常规SAR系统的这些参数做了比较.分析表明,在SAR系统接收端应用数字波束形成技术可以在实现高方位分辨率的同时展宽测绘带.     

多发多收合成孔径激光雷达高分辨率宽测绘带成像

合成孔径激光雷达（SAL）是作为未来远距离高分辨率对地区域观测的理想方式。针对传统的单发单收合成孔径激光雷达系统中高分辨率和宽测绘带的矛盾导致测绘带宽窄的问题,提出一种多发多收合成孔径激光雷达工作体制,该体制工作在低PRF模式,保证了距离向测绘带的不模糊,在方位向采用了多通道技术,利用虚拟孔径和真实孔径结合实现了方位向的多普勒不模糊。通过自适应波束形成将多通道数据合成大带宽无模糊数据,实现高分辨率宽测绘带成像。首先简述了方位向多通道技术提高方位向分辨率的原理;随后提出了多发多收合成孔径激光雷达的工作体制,并且给出了该工作体制下的信号模型,针对低脉冲重复频率条件下的多普勒模糊问题,提出了基于自适应波束形成解模糊信号处理方法。最后,通过三发三收体制验证多发多收合成孔径激光雷达工作体制的可行性。     

星载DPCMABSAR系统主要性能指标分析

星载分离相位中心方位多波束合成孔径雷达可以同时实现方位向高分辨率和宽测绘带成像。分辨率、测绘带宽度、模糊度和作用距离等性能指标是系统设计的目标,同时也是用户最为关心的指标。通过对这种新体制SAR技术原理进行分析,并参照常规SAR上述指标的定义,给出了DPCMABSAR系统的分辨率、测绘带宽度、模糊度和作用距离等性能指标的计算公式,可用于系统工程设计时参考。同时计算结果与常规SAR对照,进一步体现了DPCMAB技术的优势。     

星载MIMO-SAR与距离向DBF相结合系统研究

 将星载MIMO-SAR系统与距离向数字波束形成技术相结合,设计了DBF-MIMO-SAR系统,能够解决星载MIMO-SAR系统距离模糊较大的问题.该系统方位向各孔径不是同时发射信号,而是按照一定的时间顺序,顺序发射.接收回波时,各孔径同时接收,在距离向使用DBF技术,分离回波信号和抑制距离模糊.同时分析了DBF-MIMO-SAR系统主要系统参数,包括脉冲重复频率、孔径间发射脉冲延时、雷达方程、数据率.仿真结果表明,该系统能有效地实现高分辨率宽测绘带模式,减小距离模糊和方位模糊.     

临近空间平台高分辨率宽测绘带重复访问合成孔径雷达成像模式及算法研究

本文提出一种临近空间高分辨率宽测绘带快速重复访问模式。发射天线采用线性相控阵列天线,结合合适的接收天线模式,共形成一个主瓣两个栅瓣,对同一成像区域快速重复访问。在方位向高分辨率及距离向宽测绘带的要求下,各子波束方位向回波在方位时域及频域均存在混叠。本文提出一种多通道多子波束重建算法,以对方位向各子波束回波进行分离。采用非线性调频尺度算法对分离后各子波束回波进行成像。并对各子图像的成像性能参数进行研究。本文给出了一个系统设计示例。实验仿真结果表明,本文提出的成像模式及所提出的信号处理流程正确有效。计算所得性能参数表明,各子图像质量可满足实际应用的要求。      

利用相位中心偏移方位多波束来实现宽测绘带SAR成像

该文提出了一种基于相位中心偏移方位多波束的宽测绘带星载SAR实现方案。通过在方位向上配置相位中心偏移的多个波束使雷达在一个脉冲周期内完成多个多普勒历程的信号采样,显著降低系统对脉冲重复频率的要求,实现宽测带SAR成像。针对卫星速度的非恒定性和不同波位所需PRF的多样性造成的方位信号非均匀采样,该方案采用了多通道信号重建技术来恢复均匀采样信号的算法。与采用高轨技术和分布式技术的宽测绘带SAR方案相比,这种方案的技术难度较小、易于实现。     

调频连续波SAR方位多波束成像

调频连续波合成孔径雷达(FMCW SAR)结合了调频连续波和合成孔径雷达的双重优点,不但体积小、造价低廉,而且还可以高分辨率成像.在无人机和临近空间飞行器的应用方面前景广阔.对于常规SAR,方位分辨率和宽测绘带的矛盾限制了其更广泛的应用,且FMCW载波泄露问题影响其探测距离从而影响测绘带.为此,以距离多普勒成像算法为基础,探索使用多相位中心方位多波束技术实现FMCW SAR的高分辨率宽测绘带成像,最后通过仿真验证了方位多波束成像方法的有效性.     

基于多通道重构的DPCA SAR方位向信号处理

研究了一种基于方位向相位中心偏移天线技术的机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现方法。通过在方位向上安置相位中心偏移的多个波束来降低系统对脉冲重复频率的要求,从而在保证方位向分辨率不变的条件下能够扩展机载SAR的测绘带宽。针对由脉冲重复频率的变化造成的方位信号非均匀采样,采用了多通道重构算法来恢复均匀采样信号,以两通道机载SAR为例,通过仿真实例验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于方位向波束扫描的宽测绘带SAR方法研究

宽测绘带合成孔径雷达(SAR)是目前SAR研究的一个热点问题，在需要全球动态观察或高重复周期观察局部地区的应用中都希望能进行宽测绘带成像。在宽测绘带SAR方法中的关键问题是如何在混叠的信号中提取出各个子测绘带的回波，在现有的宽测绘带SAR方法中多数是基于距离向多波束、距离向脉冲编码、距离向自适应聚焦等方法区分各个子测绘带的回波。文中提出了一种基于方位向波束扫描的宽测绘带方法，可以在方位向频谱上区分各个子测绘带的回波，从而在保持SAR分辨率的情况下扩展测绘带。     

前视SAR系统的方位分辨率特性

针对星载SAR前视模式与一般正侧视模式存在的明显不同,本文详细分析了前视SAR的多普勒特性,即多普勒频率、多普勒带宽;指出前视SAR的方位分辨率与天线的孔径长度无关,而是与载波频率、雷达平台高度、方位向地面距离等因数有关,并仔细讨论了各因数对方位分辨率的影响;前视SAR成像对系统参数脉冲重复频率、波束投射角的限制。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks