建筑垃圾制备新型墙材的技术研究木

从混凝土建筑垃圾和红砖与石灰砂浆混合建筑垃圾中制备出了再生混凝土粗、细骨料,再生红砖粗、细骨料,分离出细粉料（〈0．15mm）,并对其材性进行分析,结合混凝土制备技术,得出了建筑垃圾的资源化方案,其中建筑垃圾占原材料重量比例达80％以上。     

施工人员建筑废弃物减量化行为影响因素调查分析——以深圳市为例

为了探究阻碍施工人员实施建筑废弃物减量化行为的主要影响因素,文章在总结国内外文献的基础上,结合实地调查和访谈设计了施工人员建筑废弃物减量化行为影响因素调查表,并针对深圳市施工人员展开调查。调查结果发现,影响施工人员采取减量化措施最主要的阻碍因素是缺乏废弃物管理方面的培训和教育、缺乏业主的支持以及减量化在施工目标管理中缺乏优先权。针对以上调查结果,提出了相应的改进建议。     

浅析建筑施工行业机械伤害

随着材料科学及设计制造技术的发展,工程机械上采用了许多新技术、新材料、新结构,要求机械的技术保障于管理工作更科学、更完善。为此作为工程机械的组织管理人员及操作人员,要逐步树立"安全是最大的效益、事故是最大的浪费",使安全工作从防范工伤事故为主,向全面做好劳动者健康安全工作的转变,进而充分体现对劳动者生命价值的尊重,促进劳动者自身价值的提升。本文就建筑施工行业机械伤害问题进行讨论。     

基于BIM的装配式建筑屋面板的可持续建造

异地建造和建筑信息模型（BIM）等技术在减少材料浪费等方面为建筑业带来了效益,并为可持续建造提供了解决方案。但轻型框架建筑行业仍产生大量的建筑废弃物。因此,本文提出一种基于BIM的自动化方法,通过装配式建筑屋顶覆盖层安装设计,减少覆盖材料浪费。设计基于BIM的覆盖层布局设计算法,实现了施工设计的自动化,并对生成的布局进行优化,以最大限度减少覆盖层材料浪费。本文结合两个实例验证该方法在减少屋顶覆盖材料浪费方面的可行性和有效性。     

公路建设的节能减排效果评估软件设计与实现

废旧料用于公路建设时所对应的节能、减排效果的准确、快速评估对于该类技术的发展和政策引导具有重要意义,此外公路建设的材料也在不断发展,对应的能耗和排放也会变化。本文设计了一套软件用于公路建设中使用废旧料以后以及材料改性后所产生的综合能耗、资源消耗、污染物排放和环境综合影响四个方面的变化的快速、定量分析,并命名为“绿色道路建设综合能耗和环境影响评估”（Systematical energy and environmental assessment tool for Green road construction, 简称SEE-at-GRC)。通过三个实际工程案例展示了此软件工具在废旧料作为建材再生应用于路基甚至路面建设时对所发生的能源消耗、资源消耗、废物排放及环境影响4个方面变化的快速量化功能。计算结果表明,废旧料用于公路建设时具有良好的节能减排效果;路面、路基材料在改性、改型后使用也具有更好的。SEE-at-GRC能有效指导废旧料在公路建设中的再生应用工艺发展方向;同时还能有效对比公路建设领域的节能减排工艺方案、定量核算工艺优化后的节能减排效果。     

对提高建筑工程质量的影响因素分析

针对影响建筑工程质量的设计方案、工程材料、机械设备、施工人员等因素进行了分析,并针对性地提出了提高建筑工程质量的措施,以期科学有效的控制工程质量,保证施工安全,提高效益。     

新建工程建筑废弃物产出水平调查分析

从材料转变为废弃物的比例(废料率)的角度,分析了新建工程建筑废弃物产出水平,通过实地调查了解建筑废弃物的主要成份和产生来源,并以问卷调查的方式获得了主要建筑材料的废料率水平。经调查分析发现了不同类型建筑材料废料率的特点。通过对比,分析了国内施工企业建筑废弃物管理水平。     

Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of research on the utilization of fibers (predominantly derived from waste materials) as reinforcement in adobe brick production. Recycling of these wastes provides sustainable construction materials and helps to protect the environment. Specimen preparation and test procedures are outlined. The effects of addition of these wastes on the physical and mechanical properties of adobe bricks as presented in the literature, are investigated. The main results for each additive are presented and discussed. It is concluded that improved adobe brick properties can be expected with the addition of combination of waste additives. The use of waste materials in the construction industry is generally of interest and useful for engineers and designers seeking sustainable solutions in construction. It is also of interest to researchers actively seeking to develop methodical approaches to quantifying, optimising and testing the performance in use of such waste material additives.     

我国住宅产业各技术要素优先发展的顺序问题

根据改进的层次分析模糊综合评判(IAFE法)计算机程序运算的我国住宅产业六大技术要素优先发展的顺序结果表明，人是生产力最活跃的因素，也是各种技术的直接操作者．在现有的人力、物力、财力等有限资源的条件下，必须尽快解决从业人员素质低的状况，从最根本上解决技术结构不合理所存在的问题，把提高从业人员素质放在首位，同时也要大力扶持建筑材料与部品技术和现代化管理技术，再辅之发展规划与设计技术、施工工艺及技术装备，从而全面带动住宅建设，缩小与国外住宅产业的距离，实现住宅产业现代化是一条非常切实可行的途径．     

高层建筑垃圾垂直运输系统设计优化创新研究

建筑垃圾的清运与处理是困扰施工的一大难题,处理不当将造成资源浪费和环境污染。我们要从保护环境与资源出发,让建筑垃圾资源化与减量化成为可能。高层建筑垃圾垂直运输系统的设计解决了高层建筑施工采用施工电梯、塔吊等运输建筑垃圾的难题,节省了电力资源,减少施工作业人员,降低施工的成本,为高层建筑垃圾运输开拓一条新途径。     

城市大宗固废制备建材的环境评价体系研究

城市大宗固废资源化于制备建材是消纳固废的重要手段,本研究初步建立起科学合理的城市大宗固废制备绿色建筑材料的环境评价体系,以企业为主体,结合生产过程中的大气排放和建材产品使用和废弃时可浸出重金属进行评价,有助于提升我国固废资源化利用的整体技术水平,促进我国建材和建筑业的可持续发展。     

设计阶段建筑废弃物减量化影响因素调查分析

为了帮助建筑设计师及废弃物相关管理人员清晰地理解设计阶段导致建筑废弃物产生的原因,在总结国内外文献的基础上,结合访谈从建筑技术、材料管理规划、设计师行为态度、设计师能力、建筑设计、外部制度6 方面归纳了设计阶段影响建筑废弃物减量化水平的因素,并据此设计调查问卷,针对深圳市的建筑设计人员展开广泛调查。根据调查分析结果,识别出了设计阶段影响废弃物减量化水平的35 个主要因素,并据此提出了相应的措施建议。     

水泥稳定混合骨料再生料路用性能分析

为研究建筑垃圾再生料在公路工程中的可靠性,结合骨架密实型结构级配设计原则,针对天然碎石及混凝土建筑垃圾再生混合料共设计了3种级配做了7 d无侧限抗压试验来分析其路用性能,为解决建筑垃圾提供一条可循之路。     

废旧建材循环再利用新思路

通过对废旧建材产生现象的关注,对废旧建材的来源及其对环境的影响进行了分析,对国内外废旧建材再利用现状进行了论述,结合中国美术学院象山校区的建设实例,提出了废旧建材再利用的新思路,以期指导实践,保护环境,实现资源利用最大化的效果。     

RFID Enabled Knowledge‐Based Precast Construction Supply Chain

Radio frequency identification (RFID) helps improve supply chain efficiency by providing item‐level identification and real‐time information. Today, barcode continues to be the main identification technology for precast construction applications. In this research, we investigate the data‐driven mechanisms and benefits of utilizing RFID in knowledge‐based precast construction supply chains. With computer‐aided self‐learning capability, we simulate three models for manual‐, barcode‐, and RFID‐enabled precast construction supply chain. The results of 100 precast wall‐panel construction in a two‐echelon precast construction supply chain reveal that the knowledge‐based RFID system could generate 62.0% saving of operational costs, which is 29.0% higher than that of a barcode‐based system. As a result, the computer‐aided adaptive learning mechanism based on RFID is verifiable to improve the overall operational performance by reducing lead time, operational errors, and costs. Due to the lack of existing literature of data technology utilization in the precast construction industry, our findings in this research could improve the decision making regarding technology selection, as well as help with the operationalization of RFID and transformation to intelligent precast construction management in big data environment.     

花岗石废料综合利用现状

花岗石是一种分布广泛、资源丰富的岩石,广泛应用于建筑物的内外装修和基础砌筑。随着人们对花岗石需求量的不断增加,大量的废石块、废石粉、废泥浆也随之而来,这不仅对环境造成了严重的污染,而且也是一种资源浪费。目前,众多石材从业人员已经研发了多种石材废料、废渣以及石粉的利用方法。本文从花岗石废料本身的反应性质的角度,介绍了其作为惰性填料和活性材料在工业生产中的应用现状,为石材废料资源化利用提供一些参考和借鉴。     

Improving solid waste reduction and recycling performance using goal setting and feedback

A multiple-baseline experiment design across waste streams was used to determine the effectiveness of a goal setting and feedback intervention in bringing about improved solid waste management performance on a sports stadium construction site in Australia. A desktop method was used to measure the volume of timber and construction waste disposed as landfill and recycled. A general index of material usage efficiency and two recycling indices were calculated. Performance was measured each fortnight and formal goal setting and performance feedback were introduced to the timber and concrete waste streams. The intervention was effective in reducing the volume of waste disposed as landfill and increasing material usage efficiency, indicating that solid waste was reduced at source or re-used. Recycling performance did not improve significantly with the introduction of the intervention. This may be due to the way in which construction workers perceive the costs and benefits of recycling.     

乳化沥青冷再生技术在干线公路的应用研究

沥青材料容易在负荷压力下形成裂缝,对其进行维修时会产生诸多废弃材料,既增加路面施工成本,又对环境造成污染。基于此,本文以干线公路为基础阐述乳化沥青冷再生技术,研究乳化沥青冷再生技术在干线公路中的应用价值。     

The principles of sustainable construction

This article outlines the importance of immediate action to ensure sustainable development and explains why construction has such a major role to play. The broader issues are introduced but the focus is on those actions which the construction industry can take to make the biggest improvements, namely reducing energy use associated with both the building process and the operation of buildings throughout their life. It is also important that the useful life of the building is prolonged, opportunities are taken to reuse components and recycle materials when they are no longer needed and that materials are sourced in such a way that impacts are minimised. The challenge of reducing demolition waste and making positive use of other waste products are also considered. The specific information and relative importance of different issues discussed in this article relate mainly to the UK, but the principles are universal.     

Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials

Presently in India, about 960 million tonnes of solid waste is being generated annually as by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. Of this ∼350 million tonnes are organic wastes from agricultural sources; ∼290 million tonnes are inorganic waste of industrial and mining sectors and ∼4.5 million tonnes are hazardous in nature. Advances in solid waste management resulted in alternative construction materials as a substitute to traditional materials like bricks, blocks, tiles, aggregates, ceramics, cement, lime, soil, timber and paint. To safeguard the environment, efforts are being made for recycling different wastes and utilise them in value added applications. In this paper, present status on generation and utilization of both non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes in India, their recycling potentials and environmental implication are reported and discussed in details.