基于NiosII的LFM时延差编码解码器

提出一种LFM信号时延差编码的解码检测系统设计方案,在单片芯片上实现了直接数字下变频器（DDC）,复相关器以及基于NiosII软核处理器的软件系统,完成了片上实时LFM信号检测接收系统的设计,充分发挥了FPGA高速并行处理和C语言灵活、易升级维护的特点,实现了系统软硬件的完美结合。     

高精度多环片自动装配控制技术

为了实现对微小环片零件的自动化装配,搭建了自动装配系统.通过4根直线导向轴与4个直线轴承来提高系统的导向精度和刚度.采用直线导轨进行各装配作业模块之间的切换,保证了微小环片零件的自动装配与取出.在环片的装配方向上,螺旋升降机和光栅尺实现环片的位置精度控制.在Lab VIEW编程环境中,采用分层软件架构和模块化控制思想,避免了不必要的数据循环检测与丢失,能够达到环片组件的装配精度要求.控制系统分为系统初始化模块、参数设置模块、装配模块和取出模块,自动装配系统通过各个模块间的相互交流配合完成装配任务.采用本文中自动装配系统装配环片的实验结果表明,环片零件装配的最大位置误差为26μm,垂直度误差为17μm,平均装配时间为75 s/片,可满足环片组件所需的精度要求.     

高速并联ADC芯片采集系统设计

介绍了一种基于并联ADC芯片结构方式,实现了一种通用的、用相对较低速的ADC器件实现较高采样频率的数据采集系统的设计方法.所设计的系统以FPGA为核心器件,通过采用并联的两片AD9254模拟转换芯片作为一个数据采集通道,利用时钟芯片AD9516-3进行时钟时序分配,控制两片AD9254芯片轮询采样.实验结果验证了用两片150 MHz采样频率的ADC器件并联工作,能够使数据采集系统达到300MHz的采样频率,并能准确测试72 MHz的输入信号.     

基于IPv6入侵检测的IP分片重组研究

IP分片重组是入侵检测系统应具备的重要功能之一。在提出IPv6环境下入侵检测模型的基础上,利用Linux和Snort构建了IPv6入侵检测系统平台,在该平台下对IPv6分片及其重组机制进行了深入地分析,并初步实现了IPv6分片的重组。     

道路交通区间车速监测系统的校准

正一、道路交通区间车速监测系统的原理及构成道路交通区间车速监测系统是基于车辆抓拍技术、车辆牌照自动识别技术、网络通信技术,来实现的一种超速违法取证系统。其技术原理是利用车牌识别技术对所有通过两个检测断面的车辆进行车牌识别,通过比对车牌号码,计算出同一辆车通过两个检测断面的行程时间。根据两个检测断面间的距离计算出此车在区间内的平均车速,并将检测断面检测的原始数     

某陀螺地平仪自检测系统设计

针对某陀螺地平仪平均无故障时间较短,故障率高,且外部检测困难的问题,设计了某陀螺地平仪的机内自检测系统.分析了某陀螺地平仪的功能结构及其故障模式,提出了其自检测方案.采用ADUC 812单片机、数码管等,设计了集成化、嵌入式的自检测系统硬件电路,并利用汇编语言编程实现了机内自检测软件.通过试验验证了系统的有效性.     

全自动片装纸箱提手安装机设计

研究了一种基于PLC伺服电机控制的全自动片装纸箱提手安装机设计,通过控制面板与PLC、控制面板与传感器的通信,实现了对系统的实时控制。该系统采用4台PLC控制器作为控制核心,由数字量输入/输出(I/O)扩展模块进行I/O设备扩充,通过控制面板进行系统参数设置和运行监控,同时系统通过传感器进行信号的检测,确保系统正常运行。本系统运行可靠,能自动控制片装纸箱提手安装机进行物料全自动进料、分选、整理和穿插等动作,片装纸箱的尺寸参数化设置等数据存储方便调用。     

油品含水率智能化检测系统设计

针对当前成品油含水率实时检测的实际需求,提出一种基于密度检测原理的非接触式成品油含水率及油位智能化检测系统的设计方案,应用超声波及差压传感器对成品油库内的油品含水率进行实时非接触式的全自动检测。该系统基于可编程片上系统进行设计,用于实现油位、油压和现场温度的测量以及实现测量结果的显示、人机交互等功能。     

基于SPCE61A的墙体空鼓声无损检测系统

针对建筑外墙空鼓的检测要求,利用振动与声学理论进行敲击过程的建模和敲击声学特性分析,在此基础上设计了一个基于16位凌阳单片机SPCE61A的嵌入式墙体无损检测系统。由于SPCE61A片内资源有限,通过片内资源的高效调配设计及算法优化实现多点数快速傅立叶计算,提高系统检测性能。实验数据表现的敲击声中低频段能量比与墙体结构的关系与理论分析基本吻合。门限检测方法对墙体进行识别,取100个好墙体的敲击声在9kHz处平均能量的0.6倍作为门限进行检测。实测200次敲击,正确识别率高达99%。如果环境噪声较大,而仍利用门限检测方法,则正确率识别率下降较大。实验结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

8031单片微机控制导线生产的实时检测记录系统

本文简要介绍了以8031单片微机为主体的工业导线生产检测系统的组成以及实现方法。     

Analytical performance of polymer-based microfluidic devices fabricated by computer numerical controlled machining

A study comparing the electrophoretic separation performance attainable from microchips molded by masters fabricated using conventional CNC machining techniques with commercial microchips, wire imprinted microchips, and microchips from LIGA molding devices is presented. An electrophoresis-based detection system using fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the analytical utility of these microchips. The separation performance of CNC microchips was comparable to commercially available microchips as well as those fabricated from LIGA masters. The important feature of the CNC machined masters is that they have rapid design-to-device times using routinely available machining tools. This low-cost prototyping approach provides a new entry point for researchers interested in thermoplastic microchips and can accelerate the development of polymer-based lab-on-a-chip devices.     

Dual-channel method for interference-free in-channel amperometric detection in microchip capillary electrophoresis

A novel in-channel amperometric detection method for microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed to avoid the interference from applied potential used in the CE separation. Instead of a single separation channel as in conventional CE microchips, we use a dual-channel configuration consisting of two different parallel separation and reference channels. A working electrode (WE) and a reference electrode (RE) are placed equally at a distance 200 microm from its outlet on each channel. Running buffer flows through the reference channel. Our dual-channel CE microchips consist of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) upper plate and a glass lower plate to form a PDMS/glass hybrid chip. Amperometric signals are measured without any potential shift and interference from the applied CE potential, and CE separation maintains its high resolution because this in-channel configuration does not allow additional band broadening that is notorious in end-channel and off-channel configurations. The high performance of this new in-channel electrochemical detection methodology for CE has been demonstrated by analyzing a mixture of electrochemically active biomolecules: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and catechol. We have achieved a 0.1 pA detectability from the analysis of DA, which corresponds to a 1.8 nM concentration.     

Potential Applications of Polymer Microchips in Pharmaceuticals

Some of the most recent development in polymer based microchips have been reviewed. Different methods used in fabricating ploymer microchips are introduced. The inportance and applications of the ploymer microchip in pharmaceutical and other areas are discussed. Finally, the potential problems and development areas in polymer microchip technology are also addressed.     

Generation of transducers for fluorescence-based microarrays with enhanced sensitivity and their application for gene expression profiling

The present paper describes a novel generation of microchips suitable for fluorescence-based assays, such as cDNA, oligonucleotide, or protein microarrays. The new transducers consist of a fully corrugated surface coated with a thin layer of Ta2O5 as a high refractive index material. Tuning of the incident excitation light beam to abnormal reflection geometry results in a confinement of the energy within the thin metal oxide layer. Consequently, strong evanescent fields are generated at the surface of these microchips and fluorophores located within the fields showed up to a 2 order of magnitude increase in fluorescence intensities relative to the epifluorescence signals. We have attributed this phenomenon as evanescent resonance (ER). Due to the surface architecture, propagation distances of the incident energy and fluorescence photons are in the micrometer range, thus preventing cross talk between adjacent regions. ER microchips offer a significant increase in fluorescence intensities in both "snapshot" fluorescence setups and commercial fluorescence scanners. The underlying principle of the novel chips is explained, and quantitative data on the fluorescence enhancement are provided. To demonstrate their potential, the novel chips are used to investigate the dependence of expression levels from metabolic genes in rat liver on drug treatment. In contrast to competitive hybridization, labeled samples were hybridized to individual ER microchips, and changes were observed by comparing with normalized data from different chips. Results obtained in gene expression profiling experiments with phenobarbital-treated rats are shown.     

Robust polymeric microchannel coatings for microchip-based analysis of neat PCR products

Several silica coatings have been evaluated for replicate PCR product analysis in capillaries and electrophoretic microchips. Silica coatings are an essential component to many electrophoretic separations, and this importance is magnified in microchips, where separation distances are minimized. Increasing the resistance of coatings to separation conditions improves the reproducibility and longevity of the coated microchip, which allows for the full potential of these devices (rapid separations, high through-put, and longevity) to be realized. In this study, several coating parameters have been evaluated experimentally and through the literature to produce a coating with high resistance to the separation conditions of interest, neat PCR product separations. Coating degradation induced under these conditions was tested for several coatings, and the influence of surface hydroxylation, surface hydration, silanization solvent, silanizing reagent, catalysis, endcapping, and polymerization procedure are discussed. Under the testing conditions, a coating (coating E) prepared by silanization with chlorodimethyloctylsilane in toluene with a polymer layer of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) attached by a hydrogen abstraction method [Srinivasan, K.; Pohl, C.; Avdalovic, N. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2798-2805] was most resistant. This coating was tested for longevity on electrophoretic microchips and was compared to the traditional coating of polyacrylamide. The coatings produced similar resolution and efficiencies; however, coating E provided more reproducible migration times and had performed for 635 analyses when testing was terminated. This procedure provides a reproducible, resistant surface coating, thus allowing for replicate analysis of neat PCR product on microchips.     

Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips by atmospheric molding

A greatly simplified method for fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) separation microchips is introduced. The new protocol relies on UV-initiated polymerization of the monomer solution in an open mold under ambient pressure. Silicon microstructures are transferred to the polymer substrate by molding a methyl methacrylate solution in a sandwich (silicon master/Teflon spacer/glass plate) mold. The chips are subsequently assembled by thermal sealing of the channel and cover plates. The new fabrication method obviates the need for specialized replication equipment and reduces the complexity of prototyping and manufacturing. Variables of the fabrication process were assessed and optimized. The new method compares favorably with common fabrication techniques, yielding high-quality devices with well-defined channel and injection-cross structures, and highly smoothed surfaces. Nearly 100 PMMA chips were replicated using a single silicon master, with high chip-to-chip reproducibility (relative standard deviations of 1.5 and 4.7% for the widths and depths of the replicated channels, respectively). The relatively high EOF value of the new chips (2.12 x 10(-4) cm(2) x V(-1) x s(-1)) indicates that the UV polymerization process increases the surface charge and hence enhances the fluidic transport. The attractive performance of the new CE microchips has been demonstrated in connection with end-column amperometric and contactless-conductivity detection schemes. While the new approach is demonstrated in connection with PMMA microchips, it could be applied to other materials that undergo light-initiated polymerization. The new approach brings significant simplification of the process of fabricating PMMA devices and should lead to a widespread low-cost production of high-quality separation microchips.     

Multi-pulse drug delivery from a resorbable polymeric microchip device

Controlled-release drug delivery systems have many applications, including treatments for hormone deficiencies and chronic pain. A biodegradable device that could provide multi-dose drug delivery would be advantageous for long-term treatment of conditions requiring pulsatile drug release. In this work, biodegradable polymeric microchips were fabricated that released four pulses of radiolabelled dextran, human growth hormone or heparin in vitro. Heparin that was released over 142 days retained on average 96 +/- 12% of its bioactivity. The microchips were 1.2 cm in diameter, 480-560 microm thick and had 36 reservoirs that could each be filled with a different chemical. The devices were fabricated from poly(L-lactic acid) and had poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) membranes of different molecular masses covering the reservoirs. A drug delivery system can be designed with the potential to release pulses of different drugs at intervals after implantation in a patient by using different molecular masses or materials for the membrane.     

Carbon nanotubes for voltage reduction and throughput enhancement of electrical cell lysis on a lab-on-a-chip

We report on the enhancement of electrical cell lysis using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Electrical cell lysis systems are widely utilized in microchips as they are well suited to integration into lab-on-a-chip devices. However, cell lysis based on electrical mechanisms has high voltage requirements. Here, we demonstrate that by incorporating CNTs into microfluidic electrolysis systems, the required voltage for lysis is reduced by half and the lysis throughput at low voltages is improved by ten times, compared to non-CNT microchips. In our experiment, E. coli cells are lysed while passing through an electric field in a microchannel. Based on the lightning rod effect, the electric field strengthened at the tip of the CNTs enhances cell lysis at lower voltage and higher throughput. This approach enables easy integration of cell lysis with other on-chip high-throughput sample-preparation processes.     

Fabrication of a microfluidic system for capillary electrophoresis using a two-stage embossing technique and solvent welding on poly(methyl methacrylate) with water as a sacrificial layer

Methods for fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips using a novel two-stage embossing technique and solvent welding to form microchannels in microfluidic devices are presented. The hot embossing method involves a two-stage process to create the final microchip design. In its simplest form, a mold made of aluminum is fabricated using CNC machining to create the desired microchannel design. In this work, two polymer substrates with different glass transition temperatures (Tg), polyetherimide (PEI) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), were used to make the reusable secondary master and the final chip. First, the aluminum mold was used to emboss the PEI, a polymeric substrate with Tg approximately 216 degrees C. The embossed PEI was then used as a secondary mold for embossing PMMA, a polymeric substrate with a lower Tg ( approximately 105 degrees C). The resulting PMMA substrate possessed the same features as those of the aluminum mold. Successful feature transfer from the aluminum mold to the PMMA substrate was verified by profilometry. Bonding of the embossed layer and a blank PMMA layer to generate the microchip was achieved by solvent welding. The embossed piece was first filled with water that formed a solid sacrificial layer when frozen. The ice layer prevented channel deformation when the welding solvent (dichloroethane) was applied between the two chips during bonding. Electrophoretic separations of fluorescent dyes, rhodamine B (Rh B) and fluorescein (FL), were performed on PMMA microchips to demonstrate the feasibility of the fabrication process for microreplication of useful devices for separations. The PMMA micro-chip was tested under an electric field strength of 705 V cm-1. Separations of the test mixture of Rh B and FL generated 55 500 and 66 300 theoretical plates/meter, respectively.     

Diamond electrophoretic microchips—Joule heating effects

Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) has become a mature separation technique in the recent years. In the presented research, a polycrystalline diamond electrophoretic microchip was manufactured with a microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD) method. A replica technique (mould method) was used to manufacture microstructures in diamond. A numerical analysis with CoventorWare™ was used to compare thermal properties during chip electrophoresis of diamond and glass microchips of the same geometries. Temperature distributions in microchips were demonstrated. Thermal, electrical, optical, chemical and mechanical parameters of the polycrystalline diamond layers are advantageous over traditionally used materials for microfluidic devices. Especially, a very high thermal conductivity coefficient gives a possibility of very efficient dissipation of Joule heat from the diamond electrophoretic microchip. This enables manufacturing of a new generation of microdevices.