Type-2 fuzzy multi-intersection traffic signal control with differential evolution optimization

This paper proposes a multi-agent type-2 fuzzy logic control (FLC) method optimized by differential evolution (DE) for multi-intersection traffic signal control. Type-2 fuzzy sets can deal with models’ uncertainties efficiently because of its three-dimensional membership functions, but selecting suitable parameters of membership functions and rule base is not easy. DE is adopted to decide the parameters in the type-2 fuzzy system, as it is easy to understand, simple to implement and possesses low space complexity. In order to avoid the computational complexity, the expert rule base and the parameters of membership functions (MF) are optimized by turns. An eleven-intersection traffic network is studied in which each intersection is governed by the proposed controller. A secondary layer controller is set in every intersection to select the proper phase sequence. Furthermore, the communication among the adjacent intersections is implemented using multi-agent system. Simulation experiments are designed to compare communicative type-2 FLC optimized by DE with type-1 FLC, fixed-time signal control, etc. Experimental results indicate that our proposed method can enhance the vehicular throughput rate and reduce delay, queue length and parking rate efficiently.     

Cooperative, hybrid agent architecture for real-time traffic signal control

This paper presents a new hybrid, synergistic approach in applying computational intelligence concepts to implement a cooperative, hierarchical, multiagent system for real-time traffic signal control of a complex traffic network. The large-scale traffic signal control problem is divided into various subproblems, and each subproblem is handled by an intelligent agent with a fuzzy neural decision-making module. The decisions made by lower-level agents are mediated by their respective higher-level agents. Through adopting a cooperative distributed problem solving approach, coordinated control by the agents is achieved. In order for the multiagent architecture to adapt itself continuously to the dynamically changing problem domain, a multistage online learning process for each agent is implemented involving reinforcement learning, learning rate and weight adjustment as well as dynamic update of fuzzy relations using an evolutionary algorithm. The test bed used for this research is a section of the Central Business District of Singapore. The performance of the proposed multiagent architecture is evaluated against the set of signal plans used by the current real-time adaptive traffic control system. The multiagent architecture produces significant improvements in the conditions of the traffic network, reducing the total mean delay by 40% and total vehicle stoppage time by 50%.     

Influence of meta-heuristic optimization on the performance of adaptive interval type2-fuzzy traffic signal controllers

Intelligent traffic control systems optimized using meta-heuristic algorithms can greatly alleviate traffic congestions in urban areas. Meta-heuristics are broadly used as efficient approaches for complex optimization problems. Comparing the performance of optimization methods on different applications is a way to evaluate their effectiveness. The current literature lacks studies on how performance of traffic signal controllers is affected by utilized optimization algorithms. This paper evaluates the performance of three meta-heuristic optimization methods on an advanced interval type-2 adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (IT2ANFIS)-based controller for complex road networks. Simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA), and the cuckoo search (CS) are applied for optimal tuning of IT2ANFIS controller. Optimizations methods adjust the parameters in a way to reduce the total travel time of vehicles in the road network. Paramics is used to design and simulate urban traffic network models and implement proposed timing controllers. Comprehensive simulation and performance evaluation are done for both single and multi-intersection traffic networks. Obtained results reveal significant superiority of IT2ANFIS trained using CS method over other controllers. The average performance of the CS-IT2ANFIS is about 31% better than the benchmark fixed-time controllers. This is 17% and only 3% for GA-IT2ANFIS and SA-IT2ANFIS controllers respectively.     

基于激光传感数据的拥堵路口交通信号灯控制

针对城市车流高峰时段的道路拥堵问题,提出基于激光传感数据的交通信号灯智能控制方法研究。在道路两侧均匀布置激光传感器节点,采集实时的激光传感数据和车流量信息,并构建一种两层级的交通信号灯控制模型,以提取的交通路口实时传感数据作为输入项进行模糊推理,并求解出交通信号控制模糊子集,最后推导出当前车流长度、车辆在路口的平均滞留时长及车辆的延误时长等变量,达到缓解交通拥堵,提高通行效率的目的。仿真实验数据表明,提出的拥堵交通信号灯智能控制方法具有良好的控制效果,可以明显减少车辆延误时长,提高道路通行的效率和安全性。     

基于层级控制的宏观基本图交通信号控制模型

针对城市交通子区内部与边界交叉口的协调控制问题,提出基于分层多粒度与宏观基本图的交通信号控制模型HDMF.首先利用城市交通系统的分层多粒度特性与粗糙集理论描述交通要素的实时状态;然后结合基于背压算法的分布式交叉信号控制和交通元素的动态特性,计算交叉口相位压力并对相位进行决策;最后使用宏观基本图(MFD)实现区域驶出总流...     

基于WSN的路口交通信号控制设计

为了缓解道路交通拥堵,减少车辆延误,节约交通能源,控制车辆在交叉路口顺畅通行,提出了一种基于无线传感器网的智能交通信号控制设计。利用传感器节点收集的交通信息,结合多agent的西同方法,控制中心进行综合处理,在不同的时段采用不同的路口控制模式,调整各交叉路口的绿信比,协调干线各路口周期的确定和各路口之间的相位差,自适应地控制车辆通行时间。实现了交通信号灯的无线智能控制,从而提高车辆通行效率。实现交通信号控制的智能化、网络化。     

TR-light：基于多信号灯强化学习的交通组织方案优化算法

针对多变环境条件下的交通堵塞问题,将强化学习、神经网络、多智能体和交通仿真技术结合起来,提出了用于优化多路口条件下交通状况的trajectory reward light(TR-light)模型。该方法具有几个显著特点：基于红绿灯拟定交通组织方案;将多智能体强化学习用于红绿灯控制;通过红绿灯的协同达到区域级的交通组织优化;在智能体每次行为执行结束后实施轨迹重构,在OD对不改变的情况下改变车辆行驶路径,根据方案和重构轨迹来计算智能体的最终回报。通过SUMO进行交通仿真实验和交通指标对比,验证了该模型在多交叉口中能够提高路网畅通率,改善交通状态。实验表明该模型可行,可有效缓解交通拥堵。     

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Hierarchical Adaptive Cruise Following-Control for Intelligent Vehicles

Intelligent vehicles can effectively improve traffic congestion and road traffic safety. Adaptive cruise following-control (ACFC) is a vital part of intelligent vehicles. In this paper, a new hierarchical vehicle-following control strategy is presented by synthesizing the variable time headway model, type-2 fuzzy control, feedforward + fuzzy proportion integration (PI) feedback (F+FPIF) control, and inverse longitudinal dynamics model of vehicles. Firstly, a traditional variable time headway model is improved considering the acceleration of the lead car. Secondly, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2 FLC) is designed for the upper structure of the ACFC system to simulate the driver’s operating habits. To reduce the nonlinear influence and improve the tracking accuracy for the desired acceleration, the control strategy of F+FPIF is given for the lower control structure. Thirdly, the lower control method proposed in this paper is compared with the fuzzy PI control and the traditional method (no lower controller for tracking desired acceleration) separately. Meanwhile, the proportion integration differentiation (PID), linear quadratic regulator (LQR), subsection function control (SFC) and type-1 fuzzy logic control (T1 FLC) are respectively compared with the IT2 FLC in control performance under different scenes. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of IT2 FLC for the upper structure and F+FPIF control for the lower structure.      

基于信号控制的城市路网旅行时间计算模型

交通控制信号对交通流的影响是干扰实时交通数据计算准确性的重要因素。为此,提出一种基于信号控制的城市路网旅行时间计算模型。将城市道路的旅行时间分为2个部分,即路链有效旅行时间和路口延误时间,设计改进的信号控制延误模型用于计算路口延误时长,并给出路链合并算法。实验结果表明,该模型起点到终点的旅行时间误差率能降低5%~15%。     

交通信号自适应模糊控制器的设计及稳定性分析

针对城市交通路口的信号控制,提出一种自适应模糊控制器,并对其稳定性进行分析.通过控制器给出路口实时信号配时,根据红灯相位的等候车辆平均损失和绿灯相位释放车辆的平均增益,给出了模糊控制器的自适应算法,以实时修正其模糊规则.在自适应模糊控制器的稳定性分析中,采用模糊控制系统闭环模型的模糊关系矩阵,证明在路口车辆随机产生的情况下,模糊控制系统是稳定的.仿真结果表明,自适应模糊控制器比全感应控制器、简单模糊控制器更能适应路口交通流的变化,极大地改善了系统性能.     

Urban arterial traffic two-direction green wave intelligent coordination control technique and its application

This paper presents a new two-direction green wave intelligent control strategy to solve the coordination control problem of urban arterial traffic. The whole control structure includes two layers — the coordination layer and the control layer. Public cycle time, splits, inbound offset and outbound offset are calculated in the coordination layer. Public cycle time is adjusted by fuzzy neural networks (FNN) according to the traffic flow saturation degree of the key intersection. Splits are calculated based on historical and real-time traffic information. Offsets are calculated by the real-time average speeds. The control layer determines phase composition and adjusts splits at the end of each cycle. The target of this control strategy is to maximize the possibility for vehicles in each direction along the arterial road to pass the local intersection without stop while the utility efficiency of the green signal time is at relatively high level. The actual application results show the proposed method can decrease the average travel time and average number of stops, and increase the average travel speed for vehicles on the arterial road effectively.     

单路口低饱和交通流的多相位混沌控制仿真研究

交通流是一个复杂的动态非线性系统,有时会出现混沌现象,混沌交通流的表现形式是交通无序状态。对混沌交通流,模糊控制受其原理限制,缩短延误时间的控制效果不佳。本文以低饱和交叉口信号控制问题为研究对象,提出了针对混沌交通流的实时混沌引导控制方法,并设计了相应的混沌控制器。利用MATLAB软件完成的仿真表明,混沌引导控制能将无序的交通流有序化,降低延误,增大道路通行能力,其效果优于模糊控制。     

自适应遗传算法的Multi-Agent交通信号优化控制

在区域交通多智能体信号控制系统中,由于传统遗传算法早熟收敛,全局搜索能力不强,无法快速找到最佳配时方案,同时没有考虑相邻交叉口的关联性,针对这种情况,提出交叉口子区Agent代替传统的交叉口Agent,在交叉口子区Agent中引入自适应遗传算法,算法根据交通流量的变化对绿信比[λ]进行优化,使交叉口平均延误时间[D]最短。实验结果表明交叉口子区Agent代替交叉口Agent后,控制效果相似,节省了硬件资源,在交叉口子区Agent中引入自适应遗传算法下的信号控制能迅速找到最佳配时方案,使平均延误时间最短。仿真实验表明,将基于自适应遗传算法的交叉口区域控制应用到交叉口信号控制中有更好的性能,证明了用交叉口区域智能体替代交叉口智能体的可行性。     

多个MFD子区边界协调控制方法

为了改善交通网络运行状况,根据车流密度的差异对宏观路网进行子区划分,提出了面向多个宏观基本图（Macroscopic fundamental diagram,MFD）子区的边界协调控制方法.根据划分的多个子区间邻接关系和流入流出交通流率,建立了路网车流平衡方程.通过与最佳累积车辆数进行比较,确定了拥挤度高的子区边界交叉口最佳流入与流出的交通流量;进而建立了以整个路网旅行完成流率最大、平均行程时间和平均延误最小的多目标边界协调优化模型,并通过自适应遗传算法对多目标函数进行求解.以存在4个MFD子区的实际路网为分析对象,对比仿真结果表明所提方法可有效提高路网运行效率、缓解拥堵状况.     

主干线协调控制的改进算法研究

为改善传统主干线协调控制方法中存在的问题,对传统主干线协调控制算法进行了深入的研究和改进。改进算法为有效提高绿时利用率,减小车辆延误,对单路口实施了改进的模糊控制算法;同时,对主干线上车辆到来情况进行实时检测,若有大规模车队到来,则中断模糊控制器,即时疏散车队,从而实现对主干线的实时协调控制。将此算法应用于城市主干道交通协调控制,对减小整个主干线的停车延误和排队延误有很好效果,并且对路况变化具有较强的鲁棒性,适合在大中城市中推广。     

基于城市区域路网的分散协调控制研究

根据城域多路口交通系统的特点,摒弃统一信号周期的方法,以各单路口为基点,采用分散协调控制策略,综合考虑各相邻路口及两路口间的交通流,实时控制各路口交通信号,并智能的加以协调,使区域内道路的交通通行能力得到提高,降低车辆的延误时间。为提高系统的控制精度和鲁棒性,采用神经网络技术实现模糊控制。仿真结果表明,该方法控制效果良好。     

CATS: An adaptive traffic signal system based on car-to-car communication

Traffic signal controls play an important role in regulating vehicular flow at road intersections. Traditional systems are not capable of adjusting the timing pattern in accordance with vehicular demand. This results in excessive delays for road users. Hence it is necessary to develop dynamic systems that can adjust the timing patterns according to traffic demand. In this paper, the design and implementation of an adaptive traffic signal control system based on car-to-car communication is presented. Also, a clustering algorithm is defined which will assist in estimating the density of vehicles approaching an intersection. The cycle time, which is calculated using the estimated density of vehicular traffic, helps in reducing both the waiting time for vehicles at intersections and queue length. It is also shown that the proposed solution is collision free at intersections. The proposed system is compared with a classic pre-timed system and an adaptive fuzzy logic system. The simulations also show that the data convergence time and the communication delay between vehicles and traffic signals do not compromise the efficiency of the system.     

基于层次颜色Petri网的交通紧急调度算法与建模

针对城市交通网络中紧急车辆在行驶区段中如何较快地到达终点的问题,提出了一种基于Petri网的交通紧急控制策略模型。利用Davidson函数中行驶时间与交通流之间的对应关系,得出紧急车辆在道路上的最短行驶时间,并将其作为权重,运用Dijkstrsa算法进行最短路径寻优;采用紧急信号灯控制策略对最短路径上的交叉口信号灯进行了调整,减少紧急车辆在交叉口的延滞时间,并运用Petri网理论,建立紧急车辆在交叉口的紧急信号灯控制模型。为了描述紧急信号灯控制策略的动态行为特性,将其各部分关键要素分别设计为相应的Petri网子模型。通过模型的一个仿真实例,进行了紧急控制策略与普通策略的实验对比,实验结果表明前者可以对紧急车辆的到达时间进行优化。     

交叉路口交通灯实时模糊控制系统设计与实现

提出了一种基于模糊控制的交叉路口交通灯控制系统.该模糊控制系统以单交叉路车长、车长之差为输入,以绿灯延时为输出.并简单介绍了基于单片机的智能交通控制系统的实现.验证计算结果表明,所提出的模糊控制算法能有效地减少交叉口平均车辆延误,为智能交通系统实现提供了一条新途径.     

城市路网交通分散协调控制

针对城市路网交通系统规模大和非线性、不确定性强等特点，利用模糊神经网络设计了一种新的实时分散协调控制算法．把城市区域和市内快速公路作为一个路网大系统，子系统为路网中的各个交叉口；每个子系统都有一个模糊神经网络控制器，该控制器根据它自己和相邻子系统的交通流信息来动态管理相序及绿灯时间．控制器由3个模块组成：相序选择模块、绿灯判断模块和相位切换模块．控制器的控制目标是保持快速公路主线密度均衡和区域内各车辆平均延误时间最短．仿真研究表明，该算法能有效处理各种路网交通环境．