Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢连续冷却转变及析出行为的影响

采用热模拟试验机研究了Nb元素对含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态连续冷却转变行为的影响,利用OM和TEM对等温淬火工艺处理后实验钢的显微组织和析出行为进行观察和分析。结果表明：Nb元素使得含Ti低碳微合金钢的动态CCT曲线整体向右下方移动,大大减小了先共析铁素体和珠光体相变区,同时扩大了针状铁素体和贝氏体相变区,在较低冷速时能得到较多的针状铁素体;含Nb- Ti和含Ti两种实验钢经等温淬火工艺处理后的显微组织均由铁素体和马氏体两相组成,铁素体相中析出物平均尺寸分别为6.8、4.2 nm,利用Orowan机制对析出强化量进行计算得出析出强化量分别为90.6、142.3 MPa。     

Nb-V复合微合金化高钢级管线钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用热模拟试验机研究了3种不同成分的Nb、V微合金化高钢级管线钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变行为,绘制了动态CCT曲线,分析和比较了3种试验钢的显微组织、显微硬度值和动态CCT曲线。结果表明,0.05Nb-0.03V配比能提高多边形铁素体的开始转变温度,从Nb钢的650~700 ℃,提高到700~800 ℃,并缩小多边形铁素体温度转变区间,扩大贝氏体温度转变范围,从Nb钢的400~650 ℃,扩大到350~680 ℃,同时抑制多边形铁素体相变,使管线钢更易获得所需的贝氏体针状铁素体组织。     

变形条件对Mn-Cr齿轮钢连续冷却相变的影响

使用Gleeble 1500热模拟实验机研究了Mn—Cr齿轮钢在奥氏体再结晶区不同温度变形后的连续冷却相变行为及相变组织．实验结果表明,变形温度降低,促进了多边形铁索体及珠光体相变,获得多边形铁索体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大．贝氏体与针状铁索体之间存在相互竞争机制,随着变形温度及冷速的降低,大量的晶界仿晶型铁索体占据了奥氏体晶界,中温相变产物由贝氏体向针状铁索体转变．降低变形温度,奥氏体在中温相变区稳定性增加,相变结束温度下降,室温组织中马氏体／奥氏体岛的数量增多．     

奥氏体化温度和冷却速率对含Nb高碳钢组织性能的影响

通过Gleeble 1500型热模拟试验机对含Nb高碳试验钢进行了不同奥氏体化温度和冷速下的热处理。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度测量等试验手段对试验钢的显微组织、硬度和珠光体片层间距进行了观察和测量。结果表明:奥氏体化温度为950 ℃时,试验钢淬火后晶粒尺寸为34 μm,硬度为813 HV5,以0.1~5 ℃/s冷速冷却至室温的组织为珠光体+铁素体;而奥氏体化温度为1200 ℃时,淬火后晶粒尺寸为134 μm,硬度为827 HV5,以0.1~1 ℃/s冷速冷却至室温的组织为珠光体+铁素体,冷速为5 ℃/s时,组织为针状马氏体+少量的铁素体。在1220 ℃以上Nb全部固溶在奥氏体中,奥氏体化温度过高会导致晶粒过分长大。珠光体片层间距随着奥氏体化温度的升高和冷却速率的提升而变小,片层间距的减小可使硬度值提高。     

TiNbV微合金钢焊接接头HAZ晶粒长大及相变原位观察

采用激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察方法,研究了大热输入用TiNbV微合金钢在模拟焊接热循环作用下焊接热影响区(HAZ)晶粒长大过程及相变的规律. 热循环过程中加热温度升高至860 ~ 980 ℃时,发生由铁素体和珠光体向奥氏体的转变,1 100 ℃时,奥氏体晶粒开始有明显长大的趋势,1 300 ~ 1 400 ℃时,晶粒以合并长大方式迅速长大;冷却过程中温度降低至1 400 ~ 1 350 ℃时,晶粒以晶界迁移方式缓慢长大,660 ~ 580 ℃时,发生奥氏体迅速向贝氏体转变,焊接HAZ主要由贝氏体与铁素体组成,贝氏体的尺寸是由奥氏体晶粒大小决定的. 热循环高温停留时间延长,奥氏体与贝氏体的形成、终了、转变温度区间均有下降. 结果表明,组织中先共析铁素体含量先降低后增加,贝氏体含量降低,多边形铁素体消失,先共析铁素体含量增加,冷却组织趋于均匀粗大. 焊接过程中,选择合适的高温停留时间可提高组织中IAF的含量,提高力学性能.     

冷却速度对微合金化中碳非调质钢组织和性能的影响

通过热处理试验模拟了曲轴用微合金化中碳非调质钢经过小变形量条件的闭式模锻后获得的粗大组织,并进行相应的力学性能测试,研究了冷却速度和微合金元素Ti、Nb对中碳非调质V钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,V-Ti-Nb钢炉冷后的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度达到960.6 MPa、屈服强度达到672.1 MPa、断后伸长率达到17.5%、冲击吸收能量达到22.9 J。冷却速度的增加使得V钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度均提高了近120 MPa,由于贝氏体这类硬相的存在,导致塑性下降,但是由于原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的细化,使得冲击性能没有发生明显变化。Ti和Nb的加入,V-Ti-Nb钢由于珠光体片层间距的细化及(V, Ti, Nb)(C, N)的析出强化,屈服强度提升了76.5 MPa;珠光体片层间距和原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的细化是V-Ti-Nb钢冲击性能改善的主要原因。     

INFLUENCE OF HOT DEFORMATION ON CONTINUOUS COOLING BAINITIC TRANSFORMATION IN A LOW CARBON STEEL

1.IntroductionRecently,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheresearchofthebainiticmicrostructuralcharacteristicsandtransformationbehaviorfor(ultra)lowcarbonsteel,especiallyoncontinuouslycoolingtransformatio.[ll.Itisknownthatthemorphologyofbainiticstructurefromcontinuouslycoolingtransformationisverydifferentfromthatfromisothermalheatt...t...t[2--v].Fromtheviewpointofindustrialapplicationthattheultralowcarbonbainiticsteelareproduc,gdbythermomechanicalcontrolledprocess(TMCP),thestudyofcontinuouscoolingt…     

奥氏体形成机制

以T8等钢为例研究并综合分析了珠光体逆共析转变为奥氏体的过程和机制,指出,奥氏体是碳或各种化学元素溶入γ-Fe中所形成的固溶体。奥氏体在铁素体／渗碳体相界面形核,也可在珠光体领域交界处和原奥氏体晶界上形核。奥氏体以体扩散形式长大。奥氏体形核及长大过程中可同时吞噬铁素体和渗碳体,或只吞噬铁素体片长大,或吞噬铁素体较快,而吞噬渗碳体较慢,完成逆共析转变,最后剩下部分渗碳体。为减少相变积累的畸变和缓和应变能,而调整生长方向,形成了孪晶。奥氏体中存在未溶碳化物,需继续溶解和均匀化。     

The effect of relaxing on the grain refinement of low carbon high strength microalloyed steel produced by compact strip production

The microstructural characterization of a low carbon high strength microalloyed steel produced by compact strip production in conjunction with relaxation precipitation controlling the transformation technique was investigated. The microstructural observations were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction. The microstructure of the investigated steel consisted of predominantly granular bainite and lots of acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite. The average crystallographic grain size was approximately 4 mm. Relaxation before fast cooling facilitated the formation of dislocation cells and intragranular acicular ferrite grains. Lath-like or plate-like acicular ferrite partitioned the austenite grains into many smaller parts, and the transformation of granular bainite at lower temperatures was confined to the smaller zones, resulting in smaller grain sizes. The yield strength, elongation and low temperature (−60 °C) impact toughness of the steel plates were 614 MPa, 24.1 %, 116 J, respectively. The excellent combination of mechanical properties was attributed to the formation of fine grains and sub-cellular structures.     

铁素体—珠光体型非调质钢及其控锻控冷技术

综述了国内外铁素体－珠光体型非调质钢发展现状，探讨了锻造温度、锻造变形量、变形速率及锻后冷却速度对非调质钢强韧化的影响，指出了旨在控制先共析铁素体组织参数和沉淀硬化效应的控锻控冷新技术。为稳定锻造用铁素体－珠光体型非调质钢性能，推动其规模化生产应用，开拓了前景。     

低碳微合金Ti-Nb可焊钢中的N及其第二相粒子

研究了系列低碳微合金Ti-Nb可焊钢中的N含量对模拟焊接热影响区(HAZ)高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸和冲击韧度的影响及其第二相粒子的作用.对试样进行了大热输入焊接热模拟,测定了高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸和焊后试样中的冲击韧度值,并用透射电子显微镜萃取复型法观察了典型试样中第二相粒子(Ti,Nb)N的形态及分布特征.结果表明,钢中Ti、N含量及第二相粒子的尺寸和数目与高温奥氏体晶粒尺寸及冲击韧度值具有很好的对应关系;钢中的N由于生成了细小弥散分布的第二相粒子(Ti,Nb)N而细化了高温奥氏体晶粒,改善了焊后韧性.低碳微合金Ti-Nb钢中适宜的含氮量有一个范围.     

中碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中碳的分布与扩散

利用热模拟压缩变形实验以及SEM、XRD和热磁法,研究了中碳钢过冷奥氏体变形时组织演变过程中碳原子的分布与扩散.结果表明,动态相变过程中碳的有效扩散系数与等温过程相比明显增大,相变完成时间显著缩短.在随后的片层状珠光体的球化过程中,相界以及形变过程中产生的高密度位错和空位等缺陷促进了间隙碳原子的扩散,使得球化动力学过程与等温退火相比显著缩短.渗碳体的溶解和铁素体中碳的过饱和现象得到证实,其中过饱和碳原子高度聚集在铁素体晶界和位错核心处,而不是均匀地分布在铁素体点阵的间隙位置.     

含Nb钢在FTSR工艺中铁素体相变行为研究

采用G1eeble-2000热／力模拟试验机模拟了含Nb钢在FTSR（Flexible Thin Slab Rolling）薄板坯连铸连轧过程中的铁素体相变行为，通过研究Nb含量、终轧温度等参数对铁素体相变实际转变温度以及铁素体晶粒尺寸的影响，得出了低碳含Nb钢在FTSR工艺中的铁素体相变规律，可为薄板坯连铸连轧工艺轧制含Nb钢时控制冷却工艺的制定提供指导。     

EFFECT OF SILICON ADDITION ON RECRYSTALLIZATION AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF HIGH-STRENGTH HOT-ROLLED TRIP STEEL

Because Si is a noncarbide forming element, a multiphase microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite, at room temperature, can be formed by controlling the thermomechanical process strictly. The cooling schedules must be restricted by the formation of pearlite and cementite. In the present article, a new integrated mathematical model for prediction of microstructure evolution during controlled rolling and controlled cooling is developed for a typical kind of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP steel, which consists of temperature simulation, recrystallization, and transformation models. The influence of Si contents has been thoroughly investigated. The calculated results indicate that Si retards recrystallization, restrains austenite grain growth as well as accelerates polygonal ferrite transformation.     

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel

The formation of fine ferrite grains by the asymmetric rolling of low carbon steel and their mechanical properties were studied. Super-cooled low carbon austenite was deformed by asymmetric rolling at 750 °C with a roll size ratio of 1.5 and immediately cooled at various cooling rates ranging from 3 °C/s to 15 °C/s. Fine ferrite grains (∼2 μm) were formed after asymmetric rolling, preferentially at the prior austenite grain boundaries. The volume fraction of the fine ferrite grains increased with increasing rolling reduction. A ferrite plus pearlite microstructure was obtained at smaller strains and slower cooling rates. However, after heavy deformation, a fine ferrite grain structure with carbide particles dispersed at the ferrite grain boundaries was obtained and the pearlite structure was not observed even after very slow cooling, which implies that most of the ferrite grains were formed dynamically, i.e. during deformation. The yield strength of the asymmetrically rolled steel plates increased with increasing deformation; however, the yield ratio also increased with increasing rolling reduction. The best combination of strength and yield ratio was obtained by using a low level of deformation and a high cooling rate, in which case a portion of the untransformed austenite transformed to martensite.     

循环加热.淬火工艺下超细晶奥氏体的晶粒演变特征

分别利用含Nb钢和Nb-V-Ti钢研究了循环加热-淬火工艺下原始组织分别为温轧铁素体/珠光体、温轧回火马氏体以及常规铁素体/贝氏体的热模拟试样在不同循环次数条件下所获得的超细晶奥氏体晶粒的演变特征。研究表明:复合微合金化更有利于该工艺下奥氏体晶粒的超细化,且相比之下以温轧铁素体/珠光体为原始组织更有利于获得超细晶奥氏体,利用这一原始组织在3~4次循环加热-淬火处理后得到奥氏体晶粒尺寸在1~2μm;同样原始组织条件下,单纯添加Nb使得实现最大程度奥氏体晶粒超细化效果所需要的循环加热-淬火次数减少;根据Nb-V-Ti复合微合金钢中析出相粒子的透射及能谱分析发现,V的大量固溶以及Nb的部分溶解很大程度上决定着微合金元素添加对奥氏体晶粒超细化的影响程度。     

变形条件和冷却速率对低碳含Nb钢的相变及纳米析出的影响

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,研究了奥氏体再结晶和未再结晶组织对低碳含Nb钢连续冷却转变行为的影响,并对不同变形温度及冷却速率下Nb(C, N)的纳米析出行为进行了研究。结果表明,未再结晶区奥氏体的变形能够为多边形铁素体提供更多的相变形核点,扩大铁素体相变区,并且能够细化铁素体晶粒;相比于再结晶区1050℃单道次变形,未再结晶区的第二道次变形能够促进Nb(C, N)的析出,其中910℃变形时Nb(C, N)的析出量最多,850℃次之;冷却速率的增大能够抑制Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中的析出,但能够促进其在铁素体中析出;对于本试验钢,10℃/s的冷却速率即可抑制Nb(C, N)的析出;Nb(C, N)的析出粒子平均粒径随着冷却速率的增加而减小。     

微观组织对中碳微合金非调质钢疲劳性能的影响

用旋转弯曲疲劳试验研究了不同微观组织的中碳微合金非调质钢38MnVS的疲劳性能,并与调质处理的40Cr钢进行对比.结果表明,高温正火态38MnVS钢(38-N)具有粗大的贝氏体组织,疲劳性能最差;高温退火态(38-A)和热轧态(38-R)38MnVS钢具有粗大的网状铁素体,其疲劳性能亦较差;热锻态(38-F)具有细小均匀的微观组织和低的铁素体/珠光体硬度比,具有优于调质态40Cr钢的优异疲劳性能.因此,控制锻轧后微合金非调质钢38MnVS的微观组织可提高其疲劳性能.     

A cellular automaton investigation of the transformation from austenite to ferrite during continuous cooling

A cellular automaton model has been employed to investigate the transformation from austenite to ferrite in low carbon steels during continuous cooling. An important aspect of this approach is the implementation of incorporating local concentration changes into a nucleation or growth function, which is utilized by the automaton in a probabilistic fashion. The modeling gives a visual insight into the effect of cooling conditions on this transformation. The final nucleation number, the number of ferrite grains per austenite grain, ferrite grain size and the kinetics of ferrite formation are obtained as a function of the cooling rate or the undercooling temperature.     

基于离异共析转变的共析钢组织细化

通过在Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机上进行的单轴热压缩实验并结合SEM和EBSD分析技术,研究了共析钢在A₁---A_r1和A₁---A_c1温度范围内的两阶段变形对缓冷组织的影响. 结果表明: 共析钢在A₁---A_r1温度范围内进行过冷奥氏体形变后, 在A₁---A_c1温度范围内再变形时, 可以利用应变量控制再奥氏体化进程, 在一定应变量下获得奥氏体与未溶渗碳体粒子的混合组织, 在随后的缓冷过程中发生离异共析转变, 获得超细化 (α+θ)复相组织, 其中α--Fe平均晶粒尺寸小于3 μm, θ--Fe₃C粒子平均尺寸小于0.5 μm.