Damage Quantification in Metal Matrix Composites

An experimental procedure is presented to quantify damage in terms of microcrack density. This is accomplished by experimentally evaluating the components of a second-order damage tensor for a metal matrix composite material. The procedure involves the use of a scanning electron microscope and image analyzing software to quantify physical damage features found on a representative volume element. These features are quantified in terms of crack density, which is used in developing the second-order damage tensor. The procedure could be applied to voids in a similar fashion. This procedure is applied to the following two different balanced symmetric layups: (1) (0∕90)S; and (2) (±45)S. Uniaxial tensile loads are used to induce damage in test specimens for each of the layups. Damage evolution is obtained by loading specimens over a range of load intensities from rupture load down to 70% rupture load. A good comparison is obtained between experimentally evaluated and numerically calculated damage values. A companion paper by Voyiadjis and Deliktas used the experimental data presented here in order to verify their proposed formulation for a coupled anisotropic damage model for the inelastic response of composite materials. A physical interpretation of the second-order damage tensor, ;qf, is presented in their work.     

微波场中利用溶胶凝胶法制备Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料

弥散强化铜基复合材料制备的关键是如何向铜基体中引入弥散强化相以及控制弥散相的粒径、分布等。本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法与微波加热、微波烧结相结合的方法制备Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料,并与普通电阻炉工艺制备的复合材料各项性能进行对比。     

SiC_P/2024Al铝基复合材料的腐蚀及防护

用电化学方法研究了 2 0 2 4Al和SiCP/2 0 2 4Al基复合材料在 3 5NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性 ,用电化学阻抗技术对它们的硫酸阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,SiCP/2 0 2 4Al复合材料在3 5 %NaCl水溶液中比相应的基体金属有较大的腐蚀敏感性 .SiCP/2 0 2 4Al的阳极氧化膜具有良好的耐NaCl溶液腐蚀能力 ,但其耐蚀性不如 2 0 2 4Al合金的阳极氧化膜 ,这是由于氧化膜中SiC颗粒的存在破坏了氧化膜的完整性和均匀性所致     

异位固化/稳定化技术修复重金属污染土壤研究

采用异位固化/稳定化技术对某工业园废弃遗留地块重金属污染土壤进行土壤重金属修复。具体工艺为“废渣/土壤+水泥+石灰+稳定剂（氯化铁）”。污染土壤修复流程为：拆除修复地块硬化地坪；清挖污染土壤，转运至地块内遗留车间进行暂存及修复，分批次进行固化/稳定化处理；利用修复土壤，通过养护、检验等手段将处理达标的土壤外运用于工业用地或路基填埋。修复后土壤样品的浸出液pH检测最大值为8.56，Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Ni、Be、Sb、Co检测最大值分别0.004 4、0.009 0、0.998 9、0.003 4、0.032 0、0.005 2、0.000 4、0.009 0、0.020 9 mg/L，达到各重金属修复标准限值。     

用循环阳极极化曲线评价Al6061/SiCP复合材料表面稀土转化膜耐腐蚀性能的研究

本文提出了利用循环阳极极化曲线研究转化膜耐腐蚀性能的方法。介绍了 Al60 61 /Si CP复合材料表面稀土转化膜工艺。将稀土转化膜与其它转化膜的耐腐性能进行了比较。利用循环阳极极化曲线的“相对环面积”研究转化膜耐腐蚀性能能够得出很好的规律性。     

An Innovative Electrolysis Approach for the Synthesis of Metal Matrix Bulk Nanocomposites: A Case Study on Copper-Niobium System

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Design and synthesis of a prototype Cu-Nb nanocomposite are presented. Oxygen-free Cu-Nb nanocomposites were prepared using an electrolysis facility...     

Micromechanical Investigation of the Fatigue Crack Propagation and Damage Development in Al/Al2O3/SiC Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - In this study, the micro-mechanisms involved in fatigue crack propagation are investigated qualitatively in a Al/Al2O3/SiC hybrid metal matrix composite...     

Study of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Al/Nano-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Nanocomposite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Method

In this work, the (1???x) Al–xAl₂O₃ (x?=?0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) has been manufactured using the powder metallurgy technique. Aluminium metal powder (Al) was used as the matrix material, and alumina nanoparticles (Al₂O₃) synthesized by the sol–gel method were used as the reinforcing material to produce the MMNCs. Two phases of Al₂O₃ have been identified, i.e. the α-phase (rhombohedral structure) and the δ-phase (orthorhombic structure) by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of synthesized Al₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 31.33 nm. The average particle size of the Al₂O₃ nanoparticle is obtained as 39.6 nm. The XRD patterns of the Al–Al₂O₃ nanocomposites contain the Al and Al₂O₃ peaks that confirm the development of the MMNC without any solid-state reaction during the manufacturing process. FESEM micrographs show an almost uniform distribution of Al₂O₃ particles in the Al metal matrix. The reinforcement of the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in the Al metal matrix has shown an improvement in hardness by increasing the wt% of Al₂O₃ in Al matrix, and a maximum 24.8% improvement in hardness is observed for 4 wt% Al₂O₃ sample. An increase in wear rate is observed with the increasing wt% of Al₂O₃ in the Al metal matrix in Al–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite. The addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in the Al matrix has resulted in improved corrosion performance of the samples with a maximum corrosion resistance efficiency of 85.6% for 4 wt% Al₂O₃ in Al metal matrix.

     

Experimental Analysis on Three Body Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Stir Cast Al LM 25/TiC Metal Matrix Composite

In this paper, the abrasive wear behavior of Al LM 25/10 wt% TiC metal matrix composite has been studied experimentally. The composite specimens were fabricated using stir casting technique. Microstructural evaluation revealed uniform distribution of reinforcement particles throughout the matrix. Abrasive wear experiments were designed for different values of load, speed and time through response surface methodology and were performed using three body abrasion tester. Surface plots for wear rate against all combinations of parameters revealed that wear rate increased with increasing load and time, but decreased with increasing speed. The generated regression equation established proper relation between parameters and wear rate, confirming the accuracy of the developed model. The results of optimization of process parameters revealed that a minimum wear rate of 0.00104 mm³/Nm was obtained at 27 N, 139 rpm and 3 min. Scanning electron microscope analysis results substantiated that wear rate was comparatively more at higher loads.     

Tribological property of in situ directly nitrided and sintered Al/AlN composite

Abstract

An in situ directly nitrided and sintered Al/AlN composite was developed using a chemical reaction between aluminium and nitrogen gas at temperatures below 823 K. It is clear from SEM and TEM observation that the composite has good bonding of the in situ formed AlN to the aluminium matrix. The composite shows an unusually low friction coefficient (0·004–0·008) under oil lubrication, and also has excellent wear resistance and antiseizure properties when compared with hard anodised aluminium alloys. AlN particles protruding from the matrix create oil microgrooves and which work as oil pits to enhance the formability of oil films. Therefore, it is easy to form hydrodynamic lubrication with continuous oil films on a sliding surface.     

Al_2O_3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的耐磨性研究

以粒度≤74μm的Al2O3为增强相,粒度≤30μm的铝粉为基体,采用粉末冶金法制备了Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料。采用金相显微镜、SEM等分析手段对制备的复合材料进行组织观察,并对其进行耐磨性测试。结果表明,Al2O3含量为10%,烧结温度为660℃,混粉时间为90 min时,相对磨损率最小为0.1684%。随着Al2O3的含量的增加和烧结温度的升高,试样的耐磨性呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,混粉时间对试样的耐磨性影响不明显。     

稀土氧化物电解槽内阴极产生金属钕的研究

钕氧化物电解槽内金属钕在电解质中的下沉情况属于典型的两相流动。因此,采用多相流范畴的混合物模型,着重研究随着槽底部钕液面上升而发生的金属钕的扩散情况。模拟过程中没加入电磁场,在电解槽的优化设计过程中,母线和电极产生的磁场可以在一定程度上抑制钕的扩散。研究槽内单纯的流体流动,对母线和电极的排列方式可以提供一定的理论依据。以3 kA钕电解槽为模型,模拟计算了电解槽正常工作情况下,阴极表面产生的金属钕在电解槽内的分布情况,并对得到结果进行了分析。     

A Study of the Effect of Nanosized Particles on Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding Al6061 Metal–Matrix Composite (MMC) Using Ni/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Interlayer

Transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding of Al-6061 containing 15 vol pct alumina particles was carried out at 873 K (600 °C) using electrodeposited nanocomposite coatings as the interlayer. Joint formation was attributed to the solid-state diffusion of Ni into the Al-6061 alloy followed by eutectic formation and isothermal solidification of the joint region. An examination of the joint region using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the formation of intermetallic phases such as Al₃Ni, Al₉FeNi, and Ni₃Si within the joint zone. The result indicated that the incorporation of 50 nm Al₂O₃ dispersions into the interlayer can be used to improve the joint significantly.     

Application of Finite Element Model and Artificial Neural Network in Characterization of Al Matrix Nanocomposites Using Various Training Algorithms

In this research, the effect of the volume fraction of the alumina nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of the Al-Si matrix composites was studied. The yield strength and tensile strength increase, but the elongation decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of the particles, indicating that increasing the volume fraction of the Al₂O₃ particles can improve the strength but degrade the plasticity of the composites. The mechanical properties modeling was carried out using an artificial neural network (ANN) and finite element model (FEM). The neural network was trained using different training algorithms, hidden layers, and neuron numbers in hidden layers in order to check the system accuracy of each training algorithm at the end of learning.     

喷射沉积成形合金及金属基复合材料力学性能

介绍了近年来北京科技大学在该领域的部分研究结果,重点介绍典型喷射沉积材料(Ni₃Al金属间化合物为基的合金和2618Al+SiC颗粒增强金属基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能.     

Hot Extrusion of A356 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite with Carbon Nanotube/Al2O3 Hybrid Reinforcement

Over the years, the attention of material scientists and engineers has shifted from conventional composite materials to nanocomposite materials for the development of light weight and high-performance devices. Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), many researchers have tried to fabricate metal matrix composites (MMCs) with CNT reinforcements. However, CNTs exhibit low dispersibility in metal melts owing to their poor wettability and large surface-to-volume ratio. The use of an array of short fibers or hybrid reinforcements in a preform could overcome this problem and enhance the dispersion of CNTs in the matrix. In this study, multi-walled CNT/Al₂O₃ preform-based aluminum hybrid composites were fabricated using the infiltration method. Then, the composites were extruded to evaluate changes in its mechanical properties. In addition, the dispersion of reinforcements was investigated using a hardness test. The required extrusion pressure of hybrid MMCs increased as the Al₂O₃/CNT fraction increased. The deformation resistance of hybrid material was over two times that of the original A356 aluminum alloy material due to strengthening by the Al₂O₃/CNTs reinforcements. In addition, an unusual trend was detected; primary transition was induced by the hybrid reinforcements, as can be observed in the pressure–displacement curve. Increasing temperature of the material can help increase formability. In particular, temperatures under 623 K (350 °C) and over-incorporating reinforcements (Al₂O₃ 20 pct, CNTs 3 pct) are not recommended owing to a significant increase in the brittleness of the hybrid material.     

硅基AlN应力和压电极化研究

通过XRD和Raman谱研究了用金属有机化学气相沉积 (MOCVD)的方法在Si( 111)面上生长的AlN薄膜层上的应力和压电极化 ,Raman谱观察到两个声子峰位分别在 619.5cm- 1 (A1 (TO) )和 668.5cm- 1 (E2 (high) )。通过光学声子E2 (high)的频移为 13cm- 1 计算得到AlN薄膜上的双轴压应力为 5 .1GPa ,在z轴方向上和在垂直于z轴方向上的应变分别为εzz=6 7× 10 - 3和εxx=-1 1× 10 - 2 ,产生的压电极化电荷PPE=2 .2 6× 10 - 2 c·m- 2 ,这相当于在Si的表面产生浓度为 1.41× 10 1 3c·cm- 2 的电子积累。同时 ,实验还发现在MOCVD生长过程中存在Si原子的扩散 ,在界面处形成了一个过渡层 ,过渡层主要以Si原子取代Al原子的位置并形成Si-N键为主。     

金属氧化物改性丝光沸石柱状晶的制备及性能研究

以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂,采用动态水热合成法制备了柱状晶紧密堆砌形貌的丝光沸石。采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cr_2O_3、MgO以及ZnO改性丝光沸石,并对其催化1-甲萘与均三甲苯的异构化-烷基转移耦合反应性能进行对比研究。采用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM和NH_3-TPD等手段对样品的结构和酸性质进行表征。结果表明,与颗粒形丝光沸石相比,丝光沸石柱状晶具有更大的比表面积、孔容和介孔孔容,酸强度相近而酸密度下降。在1-甲萘与均三甲苯的异构化-烷基转移耦合反应中,明显提高了1-甲萘及均三甲苯的转化率和产物中二甲基萘的收率。负载金属氧化物后,丝光沸石的比表面积和中强酸酸量下降,产物中2-MN选择性提高,而三甲基萘等大分子副产物选择性降低。可通过金属氧化物改性调变异构化-烷基转移耦合反应中产物的选择性。     

Ti/Al/TiN体系自蔓延高温合成钛铝氮复合材料

以Ti,Al和TiN粉体为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备Ti_2AlN材料,研究原料配比对反应合成Ti_2AlN的影响,并分析Ti_2AlN的形成机制。结果表明:Ti/Al/TiN体系自蔓延高温合成产物主要由TiN,Al_3Ti和Ti_2AlN组成。原料中适当添加过量的Al或Ti,均可显著促进Ti_2AlN的合成,其中添加过量Ti对促进Ti_2AlN合成的作用更明显。而降低TiN的用量对促进Ti_2Al N合成的作用最明显,可获得高Ti_2AlN含量的钛铝氮材料。自蔓延高温合成Ti_2AlN的反应机制为Ti和Al反应合成Ti-Al化合物,同时形成Ti-Al液相;然后Ti-Al液相包裹住TiN晶粒;最后以TiN晶粒为核心,TiN晶粒逐渐与周围的Ti-Al液相反应合成板条状Ti_2AlN。