Influence of Wall Effect on Comprehensive Controllability for Ducted Fan Aircraft

A novel coaxial ducted fan structure aircraft is proposed to enable the aircraft near vertical walls at high altitudes. The state space equation of the system can be obtained by correlation deduction and identification of the whole prototype model. Based on the duct test bench experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis, the expressions between the different distances $d_{\rm{WE}} $ from the rotor center of the prototype to the wall and the thrust, reaction torque, and tilting moment of the system under hovering conditions are obtained. The influence of the wall effect of the prototype is incorporated into the system model to analyze the relationship between distance $d_{\rm{WE}} $ and the comprehensive controllability of the system. The results show that the system comprehensive controllability vector of other channels changes little with the decrease of the distance $d_{\rm{WE}} $, and only the controllability vector of the rolling channel increases significantly. At the same time, the tilting moment also increases significantly, which strengthens the tendency of the prototype to tilt towards the wall.     

有头部攻角的弹丸气动性能的数值计算

运用流体力学数值计算软件对有头部攻角的弹丸气动性能进行了数值计算,分析了有头部攻角弹丸周围流场和作用在弹丸表面的空气动力.结果表明,弹头部相对弹体部有一定转角,能产生较大的控制力和力矩,为发展自适应弹箭提供了数值计算方法.     

共轴双旋翼涵道风扇的气动特性研究

利用CFD软件对涵道风扇进行虚拟仿真,对共轴反桨双旋翼涵道风扇的空气特性进行分析。通过改变双旋翼的间距及飞行速度条件下仿真,对共轴反桨双旋翼涵道风扇气动特性的分析。结果表明,涵道距离对涵道扇有拉力有影响,但并不明显。在扰流的影响下,上桨盘产生的升力要小于下桨盘所产生的升力,并且涵道风扇不适合高速飞行。     

新型低阻导线气动特性数值模拟

采用流体力学计算软件FLUENT6．3,对新型低阻导线LP810导线进行雷诺数76000时气动力特性以及流场的数值模拟。计算采用有限体积法和SIMPLEC算法求解均匀黏性不可压缩流体的NaV1er—St0keS方程（N—S方程）,采用三阶精度二次迎风插值（OUICK）离散N—S方程,以降低求解过程的数值振荡。计算区域网格划分采用具有良好形状适应性的非结构化三角形网格,贴壁网格尺寸取为约0．0005倍的导线直径,网格尺寸在导线周围直径4倍于导线直径的圆形加密区内沿半径方向按照1．009的比例增大。计算结果表明,计算方法具有良好的计算精度,与试验结果吻合较好。新型低阻导线LP810导线的特殊截面设计,使得导线在高雷诺数时的分离点显著推后,降低了在高雷诺数时的阻力系数。     

底部上翘角对轻型客车气动特性影响的数值模拟

用数值模拟的方法,研究轻型客车底部上翘角对其气动特性的影响规律.以某国产轻型客车1:5简化模型为研究对象,对具有不同底部上翘角的轻型客车进行了数值模拟,通过对气动阻力和气动升力的分析,得出底部上翘角度对轻型客车气动特性影响的规律.计算和分析的结论可以为轻型客车的减阻研究、造型优化和新车型开发提供科学的理论依据.     

Description and Estimation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces for Application to Elastic Aircraft

In this paper, Duhamel's integral of the indicial function is used to describe unsteady aerodynamic forces. An identification method to estimate the aerodynamic forces is proposed for elastic aircraft by the maximum likelihood algorithm with estimated sensi tivities. A numerical example is given and the calculated results show the effectiveness of this method.     

Experimental Study of Effects of Tail Wings on Submunition Aerodynamic Characteristics

Aimed at the needs of deceleration of submunitions dispensed from the ballistic missile, wind tunnel tests were performed on the submunitions with different tail wing sizes at the Mach number range from 0.7 to 3.0 and the angle of attack range from 0° to 14°. Experimental data about the variance of aerodynamic coefficients with the Mach number and angle of attack were obtained systemically. The effects of the tail wing sizes on the drag coefficients and the center of pressure coefficients were discussed. Analyzed results show the arc tail wings designed are beneficial to both the deceleration effect and static stability. These results are significant to the tail wing design and its applications to the submunitions deceleration..     

通用风力机翼型气动特性数值模拟

针对某翼型扰流流动,建立了二维可压缩湍流模型,利用商业软件FLUENT对翼型不同来流攻角下的气动特性进行了相应的数值模拟计算.湍流黏度采用基于RANS的Spalart-A llm aras湍流模型处理,得出了雷诺数在3.2×106时,某翼型的升力系数、阻力系数和压力分布随来流攻角的变化关系,并与同类翼型实验数据进行对比.结果显示:该翼型与修型前的翼型相比,具有较高的升力系数和升阻比,失速性能更好.     

连续刚构桥主梁气动特性数值分析

基于流体动力学软件,采用二维圆柱绕流的计算方法,对连续刚构主梁截面进行了仿真分析.首先进行了网格划分方案的比选,将数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果进行对比,进而验证了本文模型以及计算方法的正确性.然后研究了不同风向角作用下,双幅桥上下游梁截面的气动特性,并与单幅桥梁截面气动特性进行对比,得到了双幅桥梁截面气动系数干扰因子,对于研究双幅桥梁截面的气动特性具有重要的意义.     

前端过渡半径对轻型客车气动特性影响的数值模拟

为了研究轻型客车气动特性的影响因素,以某国产轻型客车1∶5简化模型为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法,计算前端过渡半径改变后轻型客车的气动阻力和气动升力,得到其变化规律。模拟结果表明,前端过渡半径对轻型客车的气动特性有很大影响,所以在设计过程中应通过数值模拟和风洞试验的方法确定最佳的过渡半径。计算和分析的结论可以为轻型客车的减阻研究、造型优化和新车型开发提供科学的理论依据。     

Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of the HALE Diamond Joined-Wing Configuration UAV

The investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of the high-attitude long-endurance(HALE) Diamond Joined-Wing configuration unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) was carried out by the theoretical analysis method and numerical simulation. Research indicates that as the wing of the UAV is composed of the front wing and the after wing, the after wing has the ability to transmit the front wing's boundary layer to the after wing root which can inhibit the front wing's flow separation. Although the front wing was affected by the retardation of the after wing, the aerodynamic performance of the front wing was better than that of alone front wing in most cases. The after wing was also affected by the wake and downwash of the front wing, and its aerodynamic performance was greatly decreased. The characteristic curve of the pitching moment of the UAV had nonlinear characteristics. The flow field structure of the after wing changed by the front wing wake direct sweep and flow separation at the after wing root were the main reasons that non-linear ′rise′ phenomenon occurred in two segments(α=0° and α=8°) of the characteristic curve of pitching moment. Moreover, coupling of the flow separation characteristic of the front wing and the after wing resulted in the pitching moment ′pitchup′ phenomenon. The lateral-directional static stability of the flat layout was weak. The HALE Diamond Joined-Wing configuration UAV's aerodynamic performance can be improved and the problems in engineering applications can be effectively alleviated by adjusting the overall layout parameters.     

定常吸气改善桥梁断面风致静力特性的数值

目的 改善桥梁断面空气动力特性,提高桥梁抗风能力.方法 以某桥梁闭口扁平箱梁断面模型为研究对象,利用基于计算流体动力学的数值方法模拟来流风作用下桥梁断面的绕流风场,并计算桥梁断面静力3分力(阻力、升力、扭矩).结果 静力计算结果显示,与未采用吸气情况下相比,定常吸气后断面的升力与扭矩基本没有变化,而阻力却显著降低,且随着吸气能量的增加吸气减阻效果加大.结论 定常吸气可以有效地抑制风流过钝体断面而产生的分离,使主流更加贴近壁面,进而达到减少断面阻力的目的,定常吸气是桥梁断面减阻的有效手段.     

基于Fluent的亚音速翼型气动特性数值研究

根据Spalart-Allmaras模型建立了NACA0006翼型二维湍流流动模型,并对模型近壁面进行了网格加密处理.利用Fluent软件模拟了NACA0006翼型的二维湍流流动,得到在不同攻角及马赫数下升力系数和阻力系数的变化特性.研究结果表明,在所选攻角范围内,随着攻角的增大,升力系数和阻力系数均逐渐增大;在跨音速区,由于激波的产生,升力系数急剧下降.Fluent为研究翼型气动特性提供了重要参考和依据.     

叶顶间隙对小型轴流风扇气动性能的影响

影响小型轴流风扇气动性能的因素很多,叶顶间隙是一个非常关键的因素。利用CFD软件中RNGk-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法进行定常计算得出静特性,再利用大涡模拟(LES)和FW-H声学模型进行了非定常计算,得出叶顶间隙对风扇噪声的影响,并分析涡脱落现象。结果显示:四种叶顶间隙的静特性变化趋势虽然相似,但叶顶间隙为1.0mm的风扇模型静态特性较好;在z=0面上,叶顶间隙为0.75mm和1.0mm的风扇模型涡脱落现象比较明显;在叶顶间隙处,沿径向,小叶顶间隙涡脱落比大叶顶间隙早;离散噪声的峰值出现在基频和谐波频率处,并且在高频处声压衰减比较快。     

高速火箭弹的气动加热计算

研究了高速大长径比火箭弹在弹道飞行中由于气动加热而引起的温度分布,为设计提供参考数据.通过理论研究,建立数学模型,运用数值计算方法对全弹体在全弹道上进行气动加热计算分析,得出了火箭弹在弹道飞行中,由于气动加热而引起的温度分布.运用数值计算的方法可以在设计阶段为高速火箭弹的设计提供气动加热方面的参考数据.     

轿车并列行驶湍流特性的数值模拟

为了研究复数车辆并列行驶的湍流特性对交通安全的影响,采用移动地面模拟轿车相对地面的运动和旋转壁面模拟车轮转动的方法,进行了两辆轿车并列行驶外部流场湍流特性的数值模拟研究。以单倍车宽侧向间距的两辆轿车为典型算例,给出了汽车车身表面的速度和压力分布,并讨论了右侧轿车尾部流场3个典型截面的速度分布和尾部流线分布情况。重点对比了0.1、0.3、0.5、1、2倍车宽间距的两车流场的流线分布情况。右侧轿车侧向力系数的对比分析说明:随着两车侧向间距的减小,迅速增大的侧向力将两车压向彼此。为保证行驶安全性和操纵稳定性,两车并列行驶的安全距离应该在单倍车宽与0.5倍车宽之间。     

轿车外形的空气动力性能有限元分析

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对三种典型的汽车外形空气动力性能进行了模拟分析计算。通过对不同速度、不同车型的计算分析比较,得到在高速情况下车型三的空气动力学性能优于其他两种车型。     

前掠翼气动特性研究

为适应飞机新布局发展的需要,进行了前掠翼空气动力特性的低速实验研究。研究内容包括:单独机翼和翼身组合体的纵横向气动特性、流谱及旋涡特性。研究结果表明:前掠翼具有良好的升阻特性,力矩特性及失速特性,可以提供较大的可用升力和良好的大迎角大侧滑角机动性。以上优点在翼身组合体上更为明显。实验发现前掠翼后缘出现后缘涡,观察了前掠翼特有的前后缘涡系的发生和发展,分析了产生前后缘涡系的原因及前后缘涡系对气动特性的影响。     

反推力装置叶栅布置的气动/结构耦合设计

为了对叶片布置方案进行改进,采用耦合设计方法对反推力装置的气动性能和结构性能进行预测.利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法模拟装置流场,完成叶片布置方案的气动性能评估;利用有限元分析（FEA）方法分析叶栅叶片的受力情况,完成叶片布置方案结构性能的数值模拟.研究了叶栅进气角和出气角对反推效率的影响以及不同叶栅通道数目和叶片加强梁数目对反推装置气动性能和结构性能的影响.研究结果表明,叶栅进气角对反推效率影响不大,减小叶栅出气角可以增大反推效率;减少叶栅通道的数目会造成反推效率的下降,但可以减少叶片数目;减少加强梁的数目会使反推效率提高,降低装置的重量,但会增加叶片的最大应力和最大变形值.     

某轿车气动特性的CFD分析及优化

以一轿车模型为研究对象,采用CFD仿真的方法,对其车身表面压力分布和车身周围气流状况进行了深入地分析和研究,阐明了轿车气动阻力产生的原因.为了实现对气动阻力的优化,结合全局优化方法和局部优化方法的优点,将迭代的思想引入局部优化方法中,通过迭代式的局部改型,保证了优化过程中气动阻力是一直降低的.结果表明,气动阻力系数由0.338降至0.317,降幅6.21%,取得了很好的效果.