LLDPE/纳米ZnO复合材料的制备与工艺优化研究

讨论了利用硅烷偶联剂对纳米ZnO粒子表面改性的机理与方法,按照标准正交表L9(34)的实验方案,采用熔融共混方法制备LLDPE/纳米ZnO复合材料,并测试其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率.通过正交实验分析法得到较优的工艺参数组合,同时基于正交实验数据通过神经网络和遗传算法优化得到一组工艺参数组合,并分别在两组工艺参数下进行实验分析.结果表明,正交实验、神经网络和遗传算法三者结合优化复合材料制备工艺参数的方法更理想;在较优的工艺条件下,LLDPE基体中适当填充改性纳米ZnO粒子,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同时提高,能够起到增强增韧的作用.     

LLDPE/ZnO纳米复合材料的制备工艺优化与性能

采用两种方法优化LLDPE/ZnO纳米复合材料的工艺参数,选取性能最佳的工艺条件制备样本,进一步应用FES-EM和SEM方法研究分散状态和断裂形貌,并测试纳米复合材料的力学性能。研究发现,正交实验、神经网络和遗传算法三者相结合的优化方法比单纯的正交实验分析的优化方法更佳;纳米ZnO微粒在线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)基体中能够发挥纳米效应,促进复合材料的脆韧转变过程,起到了增强增韧的作用;拉伸强度、断裂伸长率均有所提高。纳米ZnO填充量为3%时,拉伸强度提高最大;纳米ZnO填充量为5%时,断裂伸长率提高最大。     

分子模拟纳米ZnO/丁腈橡胶复合材料的摩擦学行为

采用分子模拟的方法研究了纳米ZnO/丁腈橡胶（NBR）复合材料的摩擦学行为,考察了纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料的回转半径、原子相对浓度和剪切行为,探讨了纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料摩擦学行为的微观机制。结果表明:与纯NBR材料相比,纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料具有更小的回转半径,橡胶分子链的柔顺性下降;与纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料相比,纯NBR材料摩擦界面具有更高的原子相对浓度,纯NBR材料上下摩擦表面的原子浓度峰值比纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料分别高了6.4%和4.3%。说明纳米ZnO的存在提高了纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料分子链的刚性,减小了能量耗散,从而改善了纳米ZnO/NBR复合材料的摩擦性能。      

纳米ZnO填充乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的动态流变行为

为提供纳米ZnO/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)复合材料加工及性能优化的理论依据,通过熔融共混法制备了纳米ZnO/EVA复合材料,采用DSC研究了复合材料的熔融结晶行为,采用旋转流变仪分析了纳米ZnO质量分数以及偶联剂表面处理对复合材料体系动态流变行为的影响。结果表明:随着纳米ZnO质量分数的提高,纳米ZnO/EVA复合材料的结晶温度和熔融温度均先上升后下降;但改性纳米ZnO质量分数对改性纳米ZnO/EVA复合材料的熔融温度和结晶温度影响不大。当纳米ZnO的质量分数大于20%时,纳米ZnO/EVA体系的复数黏度发生突变,储存模量-角频率曲线在低频区出现第二平台,对应于应变扫描曲线上出现的两段线性黏弹区域,表明因纳米ZnO粒子间相互关联、团聚及粒子与基体间的相互作用形成了局部有序的逾渗网络结构;而纳米ZnO经偶联剂表面处理后,体系的复数黏度下降,储存模量-角频率曲线没有出现平台,说明改性纳米ZnO在复合材料体系中分散得更加均匀。研究表明偶联剂对纳米ZnO的表面处理改善了纳米ZnO在EVA中的分散性。     

聚乙烯/无机纳米复合材料的抗紫外老化性能

研究了茂金属聚乙烯（mPE）／纳米TiO2、线形低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）／纳米ZnO、LLDPE／纳米CaCO3复合材料经过不同时间紫外辐照后的力学性能和热学性能,用傅立叶红外光谱测定了紫外辐照后的基团变化。结果表明,纳米TiO2和ZnO对聚乙烯抗紫外老化性能有比较明显的提升,为聚乙烯纳米复合材料的制备、加工和应用提供了理论依据。     

熔体插层制备EVA/粘土纳米复合材料

通过熔体插层制备了乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)／粘土纳米复合材料。采用FT-IR、XRD、TG分析和力学性能测试研究了有机改性粘土和EVA/粘土复合材料的结构与性能。实验结果表明，通过离子交换反应，可使长链十八胺阳离子嵌入粘土片层间，增大了粘土的片层间距；对于EVA／有机化粘土体系，通过熔体插层可使EVA分子链插层于粘土片层中，使粘土片层被进一步撑开；EVA／粘土纳米复合材料具有较好的力学性能。     

季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料及其抗菌性能

凹凸棒石(APT)一维纳米棒晶在功能载体方面具有广阔的应用前景.本研究在凹凸棒石表面负载ZnO纳米粒子的基础上,采用季铵化壳聚糖进行改性,通过调控复合材料表面电荷进而提升抗菌性能.采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、EDS和BET对ZnO/APT纳米复合材料进行结构表征,采用FTlR和Zeta电位对季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/APT纳米复合材料进行改性分析.研究结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子均匀担载在凹凸棒石表面,季铵化壳聚糖成功改性了ZnO/APT复合材料.最小抑菌浓度试验表明,5％季铵化壳聚糖改性ZnO/APT纳米复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌值分别为0.25 mg/mL和0.5 mg/mL.细胞毒性试验结果表明,在测试浓度范围内,季铵化壳聚糖改性纳米复合材料对HeLa细胞的存活率超过97.3％,具有良好的生物相容性.     

乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料结合了纳米ZnO优异的物理化学性能和聚合物易加工、高强度的特点,可广泛应用在电子、环保、化工、生物工程等领域。乳液聚合法因工艺简单、安全,条件温和,成本低等优点被广泛用于制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料。对乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究现状进行了综述。首先阐述了制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的乳液聚合方法,并对各种方法进行比较;然后归纳了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的形成机理,并对纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料在光电、抗紫外与抗菌、涂料等方面的应用现状进行了总结;最后,提出了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料未来的发展方向。     

ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合阴极的制备及其场发射性能的研究

采用水热法和喷涂法制备ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料,并测试其场发射性能。首先采用水热法在ITO电极基面生长ZnO纳米棒阵列,随后通过喷涂技术在ZnO纳米棒阵列表面沉积碳纳米管(CNTs)。使用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射分别表征样品的结构和形貌特征。结果表明,经喷涂沉积的CNT薄膜均匀地包裹在ZnO纳米棒尖端。对该复合材料采用二极结构测试其场发射性能,通过测试结果发现,ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料可明显改善ZnO纳米棒阵列及CNT薄膜的场发射性能,该复合材料具有低开启电场强度(约0.96V/μm),高场增强因子(9881)。因此,ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料是最有前景的场发射阴极材料之一。     

原位制备季铵盐聚合物/纳米ZnO复合抗菌剂

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)、纳米ZnO为原料,通过原位法制备了聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-甲基丙烯酸-烯丙基缩水甘油醚/纳米ZnO(PDMDAAC-AGE-MAA/纳米ZnO)复合材料,考察了纳米ZnO用量对复合材料性能的影响,通过FT-IR、XRD和TEM对其结构进行了表征,将其应用于棉织物整理中.结果表明:当纳米ZnO为0.8％时,PDMDAAC-AGE-MAA/纳米ZnO复合材料的稳定性最佳;复合材料中存在环氧基团以及纳米氧化锌的特征吸收峰,纳米ZnO在复合材料中具有良好的分散性;将其整理织物后,与原布相比,经10次标准洗涤织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达80％以上,对白色念珠菌的抗菌性可达75％以上,具有良好的耐洗牢度;经过整理后的织物断裂强力无影响.     

Crystallization of partially miscible linear low-density polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) blends

Miscibility and crystallization of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) (EVA) blends were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that there existed liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) below 220 °C over the whole composition. However, the depression in the crystallization temperature, melting temperature and equilibrium melting temperature of LLDPE all indicated that this polymer pair was partially miscible. The crystallization and melting behavior of LLDPE were determined by the dilute effect of non-crystalline EVA and the probable co-crystallization of parts of EVA chains with LLDPE chains. The crystallization and melting behavior of EVA was determined by the competence between a nucleation effect of LLDPE crystals and partial miscibility between this polymer pair, which was different from that of LLDPE.     

LLDPE/EVA/CB导电复合材料辐射交联效应研究

研究了辐射交联及其剂量不同对LLDPE／EVA／CB导电复合材料PTC特性及电致发热特性的影响，并借助DSC（示差扫描量热分析）、TGA（热失重法）、DMA（动态机械热分析法）及SEM（扫描电镜法）和TEM（透射电镜法）研究了LLDPE／EVA／CB导电复合材料结构与性能间的关系。结果表明，辐射交联可明显改善高聚物基体及与炭黑粒子两相界面，消除高温下产生的NTC现象，并可提高元件的电致发热稳定性。     

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/hexamine modified ZnO hybrid nanocomposite: structural,optical, thermal and electrical transport studies

This paper reports the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/HA@ZnO nanocomposite by in situ polymerization and demonstrates their thermal, morphological and optoelectronic properties. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by the simple approach of co- precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate as precursor modified by hexamine (HA) acting as a capping agent. Structural and photo physical studies shows that conjugated polymer chains intimately contact with the inorganic semiconductor. ZnO has wurtzite structure with average crystallite size of 40 nm. The emission spectra indicate that modified ZnO nanoparticles results in more efficient photo induced charge transfer than that of the simple nanocomposite of P3HT/ZnO. The morphological studies revealed that the transformation of granular morphology of P3HT to the clusters in P3HT/HA@ZnO hybrid nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammeter elucidates the electrochemical behavior and the HOMO–LUMO energy levels of the nanocomposites. The results indicate that the P3HT/HA@ZnO nanocomposite has energy gap of 0.72 eV, indicating this composite has potential for the fabricating hybrid organic–inorganic solid state solar cells. A solar to electric energy conversion efficiency of 0.1238 % was attained with the system.     

High quality ZnO/CuO nanocomposites synthesized by microwave assisted reaction

Highly crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO/CuO nanocomposite powders have been synthesized by a facile microwave irradiation method. The resulting powders were characterized in terms of structural, optical and morphological properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. XRD patterns revealed the formation of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites with good crystalline quality. SEM images displayed the formation of hexagonal ZnO and flower shaped agglomeration of ZnO/CuO nano-flakes with uniform production. The strong UV emission peak observed at around 380 nm show enhanced intensity for ZnO/CuO nanocomposite. Compared to ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO/CuO composites exhibit good transparency with sharp absorbance edges. The simplicity of synthesis route coupled with better optical and PL emission properties propose the microwave synthesized ZnO/CuO nanocomposite powders a promising material for optoelectronic devices.     

Polymer/Transitonal Metal Oxides Nanocomposites as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium/Lithium lon Batteries

The synthesis and properties of polymer/transition metal oxides nanocomposite material were reviewed.The new nanocomposite material(PPY)0.5/MoO3 prepared by a new method is described.The application of the nanocomposite materials as cathode material in rechargeable lithium/lithium ion batteries was explored.     

Enhanced the structure and optical properties for ZnO/PVP nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning technique

Zinc oxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone (ZnO/PVP) nanocomposite fibers with enhanced structural, morphological and optical properties were purposefully tailored using electrospinning technique. Meanwhile, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs),with particle size of ~50 nm, were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The nanocomposite fibers were prepared by an electrospun solution of PVP containing ZnO NPs of 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%. Evidently, the morphological, thermal and optical properties of the ZnO/PVP nanocomposite fibers were enhanced by dispersing ZnO NPs into PVP fibers. Typically, controlling the ZnO NPs content and their dispersibility (0–8 wt%) into PVP fibers result in improved the thermal stability (an increase of onset decomposition temperature by ~120 °C above pure PVP fibers) as well as the UV–Vis protection (reduction in UV transmission by 70%) and the photoluminescence properties (a sharp UV emission around 380 nm) Overall, based on the enhanced properties, the PVP/ZnO nanocomposite fibers can be considered a promise material in optoelectronic sensors and UV photoconductor.     

聚合物／水滑石纳米复合材料制备技术研究进展

水滑石是一种新型的层状无机纳米材料，在聚合物改性方面具有良好的应用。本文对聚合物／水滑石纳米复合材料制备方法，包括水相共沉淀、聚合物溶液插层、聚合物熔融插层和原位插层聚合的技术研究进展进行了综述。     

Influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the mechanical properties of LLDPE/CNT nanocomposite fibers

The present study shows the effect of adding CNT to linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to produce LLDPE/CNT nanocomposite fibers. The LLDPE/CNT fibers were produced by melt extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder, in a controlled temperature from 160 °C to 275 °C. Further, melt extrusion process was followed by drawing of fibers at the room temperature. Three different weight percentages, 0.08, 0.3 and 1 wt.% of CNT were studied for producing nanocomposite fibers. The addition of 1 wt.% CNT in the LLDPE fiber has increased the tensile strength by 38% (350 MPa). The addition of 0.08 and 0.3 wt.% CNT in the fiber matrix has improved the ductility by 87% and 122%, respectively. Similarly, improvement in the toughness was observed by 63% and 105% for LLDPE fibers with 0.08 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% CNT respectively. The increase in the mechanical properties of the composite fibers was attributed to the alignment and distribution of CNT in the LLDPE matrix. The dispersion of CNT in the polymeric matrix has been revealed by SEM. The study shows that the small addition of CNT when properly mixed and aligned will increase the mechanical properties of pristine polymer fibers.     

Enhanced ferromagnetic and photocatalytic properties in Mn or Fe doped p-CuO/n-ZnO nanocomposites

Mn doped CuO/ZnO heterostructure exhibited significant room temperature ferromagnetism and visible light photocatalytic properties. Phase analysis for the pure, Mn and Fe doped CuO/ZnO nanocomposites evidently confirmed the formation of CuO and ZnO phases in each composite without any impurities. Based on Rietveld refinement analysis, the inclusion of Mn ions into CuO/ZnO nanocomposite decreased the unit cell volume of both oxides while Fe ions lead to lattice expansion. Mn ions induced the formation of ZnO hexagonal nanorods in CuO/ZnO nanocomposite. Nano-flakes and spherical nanoparticles shapes were seen for Fe doped CuO/ZnO nanocomposites. The characteristics IR absorption bands of CuO and ZnO overlapped together in their nanocomposites structure. From Kubelka-Munk plots, the incorporation of Mn ions enabled the ZnO band gap to absorb in the visible light region. Pure CuO/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization (M_s) of 0.042 emu/g and coercivity (H_c) of 547 Oe. The ferromagnetic properties of the pure CuO/ZnO nanocomposite were greatly improved by Mn and Fe doping and the saturation magnetization extremely jumped to 0.86 and 0.85 emu/g, respectively. High photocatalytic activity, 98%, with good reusability for methyl orange (MO) degradation under visible light irradiation was achieved by 4 wt% Mn doped CuO/ZnO nanocomposite. A relation between the crystallinity, band gap and photocatalytic activity with dopant type (Mn or Fe) incorporated into CuO/ZnO nanocomposites was noticed. In contrary to Fe dopant, Mn as dopant played successful roles in improving the crystallinity, band gap and photocatalytic properties of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite. Multifunctional properties can be realized by combining different oxides in heterostructure form and using doping technique.