Realization of reduced-delay finite impulse response filters for audio applications

This article aims to present a development of reduced-delay finite impulse response digital filters with amplitude requirements using equiripple passband, peak constrained least squares stopbands, and nearly constant group delay in passband for real-time applications. The filter length, passband and stopband frequencies, ripples, and attenuation are specified for realizations. The obtained results of realized filters have group delays with a reduction of about 12–22% in passband compared to the existing linear phase finite impulse response filters for audio applications.     

The design and implementation of multiplierless nonrecursive linear phase discrete time filters

This paper develops techniques for the design and implementation of linear phase discrete time filters that are implemented using only delays, adds and subtracts. Sometimes called discrete time linear phase transport processors, these filters have finite length integer valued impulse responses. The design technique developed in this paper determines an optimal integer valued impulse response that minimizes the mean square error in the filter's passband and stopband while bounding the impulse response values to a specified value. The implementation technique developed in this paper generates a structure that can realize integer valued impulse responses using only delays, adds and substracts.     

支持语义扩展的动态多关键词密文排序检索

针对云存储环境下已有的动态多关键词密文排序检索方案不支持关键词语义扩展、不具备前向安全和后向安全的问题，提出一种支持语义检索且具备前向安全和后向安全的动态多关键词密文排序检索方案。该方案通过构建语义关系图实现查询关键词的语义扩展；使用树索引结构实现数据的检索和动态更新；利用向量空间模型实现多关键词排序搜索；基于安全K近邻算法对维度扩展后的索引和查询向量进行加密。安全性分析表明，该方案在已知密文模型下是安全的且具有动态更新时的前向安全和后向安全。效率分析及仿真实验结果表明，该方案在服务器检索效率方面优于目前同类型具有相同安全性或相同功能的方案。     

All-pass filtering in iterative learning control

In iterative learning control (ILC), it is highly desirable to have a learning compensator with a unit-gain for all frequencies, in order to avoid noise amplification and learning speed degradation during the learning process. In this paper, we show that the realization of a unit-gain compensator is straightforward in ILC, using both forward and backward filtering. As an illustrative example, a unit-gain derivative is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional derivative. The proposed scheme is equivalent to an all-pass unit-gain phase shifter; the forward filtering uses a 0.5-order derivative and the backward filtering employs a 0.5-order integral. The all-pass phase shifter is deployed in a unit-gain D-type ILC. The advantages of the unit-gain feature are demonstrated by some experimental results on a robot manipulator.     

基于分布结构自适应筛选的数据库存储优化设计

通过对数据库的存储结构优化设计,提高数据库的吞吐量。传统方法采用存储节点校验数据适应度分区的数据库存储模型,数据库中存在重复冗余数据,不能自适应滤除,导致数据存储开销较大。提出了一种基于分布结构自适应筛选的数据库存储优化模型,首先进行数据库的存储机制和分布式数据结构分析,采用相空间重构方法进行存储空间的结构分布重组,采用分布结构自适应筛选方法对提取的数据信息流进行重复冗余数据滤波处理,改善数据在数据库存储空间中的结构分布,实现数据库存储优化。仿真结果表明,采用改进的方法进行数据库构建,能提高数据库存储吞吐量,降低数据存储开销,提高数据库的访问和调度性能,展示较好的应用价值。     

快速边缘粒子滤波在无序量测问题中的应用

在目标跟踪系统中,因通信延迟会出现传感器量测无序到达融合中心的现象,由此产生无序量测(OOSM)融合问题。针对非线性条件下的OOSM问题,在现有算法的基础上,提出了基于快速边缘粒子滤波(FMPF)的处理算法。新算法在FMPF框架下,结合前向预测滤波思想来处理OOSM问题。将目标运动状态向量分为线性和非线性2个子向量,并分别采用相应的无序处理算法进行估计。算法可以处理单步延迟和多步延迟的情形下的无序问题。最后理论分析和仿真实验表明:新算法能有效处理OOSM问题,且降低了算法的计算复杂度,提高了算法实时性。     

Processing and interactive editing of huge point clouds from 3D scanners

This paper describes a new out-of-core multi-resolution data structure for real-time visualization, interactive editing and externally efficient processing of large point clouds. We describe an editing system that makes use of the novel data structure to provide interactive editing and preprocessing tools for large scanner data sets. Using the new data structure, we provide a complete tool chain for 3D scanner data processing, from data preprocessing and filtering to manual touch-up and real-time visualization. In particular, we describe an out-of-core outlier removal and bilateral geometry filtering algorithm, a toolset for interactive selection, painting, transformation, and filtering of huge out-of-core point-cloud data sets and a real-time rendering algorithm, which all use the same data structure as storage backend. The interactive tools work in real-time for small model modifications. For large scale editing operations, we employ a two-resolution approach where editing is planned in real-time and executed in an externally efficient offline computation afterwards. We evaluate our implementation on example data sets of sizes up to 63 GB, demonstrating that the proposed technique can be used effectively in real-world applications.     

基于多项式拟合的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法

弹道修正弹内的弹载计算机必须实时对卫星定位接收机获取的弹丸状态数据进行滤波降噪,用于预测弹丸落点,传统滤波方法滤波时间长,滤波实时性差,提出一种基于多项式拟合的方法。通过适当降低卫星定位接收机数据更新频率,并用多项式拟合插值出的数据代替数据更新时间间隔内的弹丸状态数据。仿真实验表明,该算法在不降低滤波效果的前提下,较普通扩展卡尔曼滤波时间降低7/8,提高了滤波实时性,对于弹道修正弹关键技术的研究提供了重要参考。同时该方法可推广应用到其他滤波算法当中,具有很强的可移植性。     

软件容错模型中反向与正向调度算法研究

为了保证实时系统在发生任务失效时仍旧能够正常地工作,通常采用软件容错模型来提高实时系统的容错能力。本文分析了软件容错模型中的BCE容错调度算法,针对该算法中的反向调度和正向调度两个过程,给出了RMB、DMB、FDMB、EDFB四种反向调度算法和RMF、EDFF两种正向调度算法,并指出了反向调度和正向调度相互协调的特性。将各种算法在BCE算法中进行模拟,结果表明,EDFF正向调度算法能够与四种反向调度算法更好地协调,从而获得比RMF正向调度算法更高的调度性能;模拟结果还表明,四种反向调 度算法在BCE算法中的性能相近。最后,本文得出了RMB（或DMB）反向调度算法与EDFF正向调度算法的组合较适用于软件容错模型的结论。     

MacCormack方法优化烟雾模拟中Navier-Stokes方程对流项的求解

烟雾作为大规模虚拟战场和复杂环境仿真中的重要组成部分,对其进行模拟具有重要的意义.针对基于物理方法烟雾模拟中Navier-Stokes方程求解复杂、影响实时性的问题,提出用MacCormack求解Navier-Stokes方程对流项的方法.首先利用前向对流算子求解前向烟雾速度,然后利用后向对流算子求解后向烟雾速度,最后通过误差评估来修正已经计算的前向对流速度,得到下一时刻的烟雾速度.该方法简化了进退误差补偿修正方法对直接影响烟雾模拟实时性和真实性的对流项的求解步骤,从而减少计算时间.实验结果表明,采用文中方法模拟出的效果比较真实,且使基于物理方法的烟雾模拟达到了实时性的要求.     

Optimistic priority-based concurrency control protocol for firm real-time database systems

This paper presents an optimistic priority-based concurrency control protocol that schedules active transactions accessing firm deadline real-time database systems. This protocol combines the forward and backward validation processes in order to control concurrent transactions with different priorities more effectively. For a transaction in the validation phase, it can be committed successfully if the serialization order is adjusted in favour of the transactions with higher priority and aborted otherwise. Thus, this protocol establishes a priority ordering technique whereby a serialization order is selected and transaction execution is forced to obey this order. This priority-based protocol addresses the problem of satisfying data consistency, with the goal being to increase the number of transactions that commit by their deadlines. In addition, for desirable real-time conflict resolution, this protocol intends to meet more deadlines of higher priority transactions then lower priority transactions.     

基于图形屏幕的道路平面设计及其数据管理

道路的定线一般在纸上进行，如能在计算机屏幕上进行，则设计者仅需研究线形线位本身而无须考虑计算问题，方便了设计工作，这种方法叫作屏幕定线方法。该方法要求设计既可以正向设计也可以反方向设计，既可连续进行也允许分段地非连续进行，相应的数据存储结构如采用传统的静态结构则不能适应这种要求，提出一种动态结构线元表可较好地解决这一问题，文章讨论了线元表的结构和实现过程。     

针对IPTV快进快退优化的媒体封装格式

通过分析网络电视(IPTV)服务的特性和快进快退操作对服务器的影响,设计一种对快进快退操作进行优化的流媒体文件封装与索引格式,在采用数据块状存储的基础上,提出帧类别存储策略。性能对比实验表明,使用该文件格式的IPTV服务器提高了在快进快退模式下的性能。     

基于M估计的鲁棒后向平滑CKF单站跟踪算法

提出一种基于M估计的鲁棒后向平滑容积卡尔曼滤波（M-estimated based Robust Backward-Smoothing Cubature Kalman Filter,MR-BSCKF）算法。该算法将改进的M估计思想引入后向平滑容积卡尔曼滤波（BSCKF）算法中,引入Mahalanobis距离构建P-Huber等价权函数,通过降低野值误判概率进一步提高滤波算法的鲁棒性;在传统CKF算法的基础上增加后向平滑函数,通过后向平滑和前向滤波相结合的二次滤波进一步提高滤波的精度,实现了算法精度和抗野值能力的统一。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,MR-BSCKF在有野值和无野值的情况下都能够得到更加准确的目标跟踪结果,且鲁棒性更强。     

基于Spark的大规模语义规则后向链推理系统

近年来,语义网数据快速增长,适合于处理静态小规模语义数据的前向链语义推理技术暴露出了需对数据进行频繁更新等问题。面对大规模动态语义网数据,对数据更新不敏感的后向链语义推理开始成为新的研究热点。后向链语义推理由查询目标驱动,在查询时根据规则集推理出查询结果。后向链语义推理具有推理过程复杂、规则扩展深度大等特点,在大规模语义数据上推理的效率和可扩展性上有一定的挑战。该文立足于已有的后向链推理技术,详细分析了语义推理规则集的特点,并结合当前主流的大数据处理平台Spark,设计了一套较为高效并且可扩展的大规模并行化语义规则后向链推理系统。该文的主要研究工作分为三个部分: (1)采用预计算本体数据闭包的方法,避免了本体模式在实时推理阶段的重复推理; (2)在后向链语义推理的逆向推理和查询阶段设计了优化措施,进一步提高了推理效率; (3)设计实现了一种基于Spark平台的大规模分布式RDFS/OWL后向链语义推理系统。实验数据显示,该文提出的RDFS/OWL后向链语义推理系统在合成数据集LUBM和真实数据集DBpedia上都表现出了良好的推理性能,在亿条三元组上的推理开销是几秒到几十秒,并且表现出了良好的数据可扩展性和节点可扩展性。     

高分辨图像二维FFT正/反变换实时处理方法及硬件实现*

高精度密集型数值计算和大规模数据缓存,是高分辨率图像二维FFT(快速傅里叶变换)实时实现中的主要难点。利用实信号傅里叶变换的周期对称性和频域数据的共轭对称性,提出了一种高效且易于硬件实现的二维FFT正/反变换的实时处理方法,将实值图像二维FFT中的一维FFT计算和存储需求缩减了近一半。在以4片TS201为计算核心的DSP处理平台上,使用该方法实现了二维FFT正/反变换和图像频域滤波。实验表明,无须片外存储,单片TS201可处理最大512×512像素的图像;该尺寸图像的正/反变换总处理时间为49.6 ms,     

一种基于路况的渐消记忆陀螺误差补偿方法

针对GPS/DR组合导航系统在汽车直行和转弯时速率陀螺误差特性不同的情况,提出了一种基于路况的渐消记忆陀螺误差补偿方法。这种方法在GPS信号正常时根据路况不同实时计算陀螺刻度因子误差;当GPS丢星时,用GPS正常时计算的刻度因子误差补偿速率陀螺。在实际工程应用中,用此方法补偿低成本GPS/DR组合导航系统的陀螺误差后再进行EKF容错滤波,在GPS丢星后一段时间内,仍能保持较好的导航精度。     

Animated visualization of spatial–temporal trajectory data for air-traffic analysis

With increasing numbers of flights worldwide and a continuing rise in airport traffic, air-traffic management is faced with a number of challenges. These include monitoring, reporting, planning, and problem analysis of past and current air traffic, e.g., to identify hotspots, minimize delays, or to optimize sector assignments to air-traffic controllers. To cope with these challenges, cyber worlds can be used for interactive visual analysis and analytical reasoning based on aircraft trajectory data. However, with growing data size and complexity, visualization requires high computational efficiency to process that data within real-time constraints. This paper presents a technique for real-time animated visualization of massive trajectory data. It enables (1) interactive spatio-temporal filtering, (2) generic mapping of trajectory attributes to geometric representations and appearance, and (3) real-time rendering within 3D virtual environments such as virtual 3D airport or 3D city models. Different visualization metaphors can be efficiently built upon this technique such as temporal focus+context, density maps, or overview+detail methods. As a general-purpose visualization technique, it can be applied to general 3D and 3+1D trajectory data, e.g., traffic movement data, geo-referenced networks, or spatio-temporal data, and it supports related visual analytics and data mining tasks within cyber worlds.     

Control schemes for passive teleoperation systems over wide area communication networks with time varying delay

In this paper,the problem of time varying telecommunication delays in passive teleoperation systems is addressed.The design comprises delayed position,velocity and position-velocity signals with the local position and velocity signals of the master and slave manipulators.Nonlinear adaptive control terms are employed locally to cope with uncertain parameters associated with the gravity loading vector of the master and slave manipulators.Lyapunov-Krasovskii function is employed for three methods to establish asymptotic tracking property of the closed loop teleoperation systems.The stability analysis is derived for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical time varying delays in the forward and backward communication channel that connects the local and remote sites.Finally,evaluation results are presented to illustrate the efectiveness of the proposed design for real-time applications.     

20GSa/s高速采集模块设计与实现

现代电子信号测试带宽已超过吉赫兹,对采样率达几十吉赫兹的高速数据采集与存储提出更高的要求,而现有的模拟数字转换(ADC)芯片只有几个吉赫兹的采集速率,不能直接满足对于超高采样速率的需求;文中提出了基于多片ADC并行交叉采样的20GSa/s高速采集与存储的设计方案,重点介绍了20GSa/s高速交叉采样的实现方式及误差来源和误差校准、交叉采样需要高速时钟的相位校准设计及具体校准方式、不同时钟域下160Gbps高速采集数据存储等核心技术,利用现有的高速ADC,最终实现了高达20GSa/s的数据采集与实时存储。