基于NA-MEMD和互信息的脑电特征提取方法

多变量经验模式分解（MEMD）方法不需要根据先验知识选取基函数,能同时对多通道数据进行自适应分解,适合于分析具有高度相关性和非平稳性的脑电信号。为了判别包含有用信息的内蕴模式函数（IMFs）,提出一种基于噪声辅助多变量经验模式分解（NA-MEMD）和互信息的方法,并用于脑电特征提取。首先使用NA-MEMD算法对多通道信号进行分解得到多尺度IMF分量,然后采用互信息法分别计算各尺度上信号与其IMF分量、噪声与其IMF分量、信号IMF分量与噪声IMF分量之间的相关性,接着根据敏感因子筛选包含有用信息的IMF分量,将其叠加得到对应的重构信号,最后采用共同空间模式（CSP）法对重构信号进行特征提取,再用支持向量机（SVM）实现分类。使用仿真数据和实际数据集BCI Competition IV Data Set 1进行测试,与现有的其他方法比较,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

SD大鼠光刺激视觉诱发电位提取研究

在生物神经学领域,从脑电信号中提取出诱发电位对动物视觉图像恢复的研究具有重要作用。以Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠的脑电信号为研究对象,采用均值法和改进的Mallat多分辨率小波快速变换算法相结合的方法对SD大鼠脑电信号进行提取处理,得到了光刺激视觉诱发电位的主要特征。通过和SD大鼠视觉诱发脑电信号的拟合度仿真表明算法所得到的大鼠光刺激视觉诱发电位主要特征可以用于SD大鼠视觉图像恢复的处理。     

重叠特征策略与参数优化的运动想象脑电模式识别

针对运动想象脑电信号的非线性、非平稳特性,提出重叠特征策略与参数优化方法.通过重叠频带滤波(OFB)进行预处理,在滤波后的信号上提取共同空间模式特征(CSP).将OFB-CSP特征输入鲁棒支持矩阵机,完成模式识别,在模式识别中通过校正粒子群算法(CPSO)动态调整被试个体最优参数.在两个公开数据集上进行实验,分别验证OFB预处理可提升CSP特征区分度,CPSO可为个体寻找最优的鲁棒支持矩阵机分类参数.文中方法提升运动想象识别率,样本和计算资源需求较小,适合脑机接口的实际应用.     

An enhanced empirical wavelet transform for noisy and non-stationary signal processing

As an alternative method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the empirical Wavelet transform (EWT) method was proposed to realize the signal decomposition by constructing an adaptive filter bank. Though the EWT method has been demonstrated its effectiveness in some applications, it becomes invalid in analyzing some noisy and non-stationary signals due to its improper segmentation in the frequency domain. In this paper, an enhanced empirical wavelet transform method is proposed. This method takes advantage of the waveform in the frequency domain of a signal to eliminate drawbacks of the EWT method in the spectrum segmentation. It modifies the segmentation algorithm by adopting the envelope approach based on the order statistics filter (OSF) and applying criteria to pick out useful peaks. With these measures, the proposed method obtains a perfect segmentation in decomposing noisy and non-stationary signals. Furthermore, simulated and experimental signals are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于经验模态分解和SVM的脑电信号分类方法

脑电信号的非线性、非平稳性造成对运动想象脑电信号的分类识别存在特征提取困难、可区分性低以及分类识别性能差等问题。本文提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)和支撑向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)的运动想象脑电信号分类方法,充分利用EMD算法在处理非线性、非平稳信号的自适应性以及SVM在小样本条件的高识别性能和强泛化能力。首先利用EMD算法将C3、C4导联信号分解为一系列本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),然后从IMF的信息和能量等维度提取特征将脑电信号转换至区分性更强的特征域,最后利用SVM进行分类识别。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,所提方法可以得到94.6%的正确识别率,为在线脑-机接口系统的研究提供了新的思路。     

一种改善EMD端点问题的方法

经验模态分解（EMD）是一种先进的数据处理方法,对脑电信号（EEG）等非线性非平稳信号的处理非常有效。但是其在利用三次样条曲线构造上下包络时,端点附近的包络存在严重的摆动。针对该问题,在镜面延拓算法的基础上,提出了二次延拓算法。根据邻近端点的数据计算出该信号在端点处的拟合函数;利用该拟合函数在左右端点各延拓出一个极值点;采用镜面延拓算法对延拓后的信号进行EMD分解。算法考虑了信号端点处的变化趋势,使得端点处的延拓更加合理,从而使三次样条曲线在端点处不会出现大的摆动。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地对脑电信号进行分解。     

演化算法求解TSP问题的最新进展

TSP是一个著名的NP-hard问题.对近期出现的一些新的求解TSP问题的演化算法进行了比较全面的综述.其中有一类算法属于郭涛算法及其相应的改进算法,能够得到比传统演化算法更好的解,还有一类采用了实数编码的染色体表示方式,对求解TSP问题的新的染色体表示方式进行了尝试,还有的属于并行演化算法,通过增加并行进程的方式能够在原有算法的基础上得到更好的解.在综述这些算法的同时,还对比了它们的求解能力.最终的目的是希望通过对上述算法的研究,得到更合理的算法,推动演化算法研究TSP问题的进程.     

Hierarchical gradient-based identification of multivariable discrete-time systems

In this paper, we use a hierarchical identification principle to study identification problems for multivariable discrete-time systems. We propose a hierarchical gradient iterative algorithm and a hierarchical stochastic gradient algorithm and prove that the parameter estimation errors given by the algorithms converge to zero for any initial values under persistent excitation. The proposed algorithms can be applied to identification of systems involving non-stationary signals and have significant computational advantage over existing identification algorithms. Finally, we test the proposed algorithms by simulation and show their effectiveness.     

基于改进探路者算法的多阈值图像分割

针对多阈值图像分割方法中存在的计算量大、运行时间长等问题,在标准探路者算法的基础上,引入Tent混沌映射初始化和自适应t分布策略,提出一种基于改进探路者算法的多阈值图像分割方法,该方法以Kapur熵为目标函数对最优分割阈值进行搜索。为了验证算法的有效性,首先通过标准测试函数验证改进探路者算法的收敛精度和收敛速度,然后将改进探路者算法与Kapur熵结合后应用于Berkeley图像数据集进行多阈值分割,并与标准探路者算法、飞蛾扑火算法、灰狼优化算法和粒子群算法进行比较和分析。实验结果表明,提出的改进探路者算法收敛速度更快、求解精度更高,较其他对比算法有着更好的分割效果,且PSNR与SSIM都有更好的表现,能有效解决多阈值图像分割问题。     

An efficient and robust algorithm for 3D mesh segmentation

This paper presents an efficient and robust algorithm for 3D mesh segmentation. Segmentation is one of the main areas of 3D object modeling. Most segmentation methods decompose 3D objects into parts based on curvature analysis. Most of the existing curvature estimation algorithms are computationally costly. The proposed algorithm extracts features using Gaussian curvature and concaveness estimation to partition a 3D model into meaningful parts. More importantly, this algorithm can process highly detailed objects using an eXtended Multi-Ring (XMR) neighborhood based feature extraction. After feature extraction, we also developed a fast marching watershed-based segmentation algorithm followed by an efficient region merging scheme. Experimental results show that this segmentation algorithm is efficient and robust.     

Classification of EEG signals using neural network and logistic regression

Epileptic seizures are manifestations of epilepsy. Careful analyses of the electroencephalograph (EEG) records can provide valuable insight and improved understanding of the mechanisms causing epileptic disorders. The detection of epileptiform discharges in the EEG is an important component in the diagnosis of epilepsy. As EEG signals are non-stationary, the conventional method of frequency analysis is not highly successful in diagnostic classification. This paper deals with a novel method of analysis of EEG signals using wavelet transform and classification using artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR). Wavelet transform is particularly effective for representing various aspects of non-stationary signals such as trends, discontinuities and repeated patterns where other signal processing approaches fail or are not as effective. Through wavelet decomposition of the EEG records, transient features are accurately captured and localized in both time and frequency context. In epileptic seizure classification we used lifting-based discrete wavelet transform (LBDWT) as a preprocessing method to increase the computational speed. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational load of those algorithms that were based on classical wavelet transform (CWT). In this study, we introduce two fundamentally different approaches for designing classification models (classifiers) the traditional statistical method based on logistic regression and the emerging computationally powerful techniques based on ANN. Logistic regression as well as multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) based classifiers were developed and compared in relation to their accuracy in classification of EEG signals. In these methods we used LBDWT coefficients of EEG signals as an input to classification system with two discrete outputs: epileptic seizure or non-epileptic seizure. By identifying features in the signal we want to provide an automatic system that will support a physician in the diagnosing process. By applying LBDWT in connection with MLPNN, we obtained novel and reliable classifier architecture. The comparisons between the developed classifiers were primarily based on analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as a number of scalar performance measures pertaining to the classification. The MLPNN based classifier outperformed the LR based counterpart. Within the same group, the MLPNN based classifier was more accurate than the LR based classifier.     

基于密度的K-Means算法及在客户细分中的应用研究

针对K-Means算法所存在的问题进行了深入研究,提出了基于密度的K-Means算法（KMAD算法）。该算法采用聚类对象区域空间的密度分布方法来确定聚类个数K的值,然后用高密度区域的质心作为K-Means算法的初始聚类中心。理论分析与实验结果表明了改进算法的有效性和稳定性,并将改进的算法应用于客户细分研究中。     

A memory efficient stochastic evolution based algorithm for the multi-objective shortest path problem

Multi-objective shortest path (MOSP) problem aims to find the shortest path between a pair of source and a destination nodes in a network. This paper presents a stochastic evolution (StocE) algorithm for solving the MOSP problem. The proposed algorithm is a single-solution-based evolutionary algorithm (EA) with an archive for storing several non-dominant solutions. The solution quality of the proposed algorithm is comparable to the established population-based EAs. In StocE, the solution replaces its bad characteristics as the generations evolve. In the proposed algorithm, different sub-paths are the characteristics of the solution. Using the proposed perturb operation, it eliminates the bad sub-paths from generation to generation. The experiments were conducted on huge real road networks. The proposed algorithm is comparable to well-known single-solution and population-based EAs. The single-solution-based EAs are memory efficient, whereas, the population-based EAs are known for their good solution quality. The performance measures were the solution quality, speed and memory consumption, assessed by the hypervolume (HV) metric, total number of evaluations and memory requirements in megabytes. The HV metric of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the existing single-solution and population-based EAs. The memory requirements of the proposed algorithm is at least half than the EAs delivering similar solution quality. The proposed algorithms also executes more rapidly than the existing single-solution-based algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for solving MOSP problems in embedded systems.     

基于EMD和LVQ的信号特征提取及分类方法

针对非平稳、非线性、微弱信号难以分析和处理的特点,本文提出了一种基于经验模式分解和学习向量量化神经网络的信号处理和分类方法,并在生物信号处理领域(左、右手运动想象的脑电信号)进行了研究和应用.首先通过经验模式分解算法对脑电信号分解,然后选取主要固有模态函数分量并计算其绝对均值作为特征值,最后使用学习向量量化网络进行分类,并分别与支持向量机和误差反向传播神经网络分类算法进行了对比研究.实验结果表明,所提出的算法分类正确率达到了87％,相比于其余两种对比算法在特定的信号处理领域优越,具有一定的参考和研究价值.     

Modified differential evolution algorithm for contrast and brightness enhancement of satellite images

Satellite images normally possess relatively narrow brightness value ranges necessitating the requirement for contrast stretching, preserving the relevant details before further image analysis. Image enhancement algorithms focus on improving the human image perception. More specifically, contrast and brightness enhancement is considered as a key processing step prior to any further image analysis like segmentation, feature extraction, etc. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used effectively for the past few decades, for solving such complex image processing problems. In this paper, a modified differential Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) algorithm for contrast and brightness enhancement of satellite images is proposed. The proposed algorithm is developed with exploration phase by differential evolution algorithm and exploitation phase by cuckoo search algorithm. The proposed algorithm is used to maximize a defined fitness function so as to enhance the entropy, standard deviation and edge details of an image by adjusting a set of parameters to remodel a global transformation function subjective to each of the image being processed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with ten recent state-of-the-art enhancement algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm in enhancing satellite images and natural scenes effectively. Objective evaluation of the compared methods was done using several full-reference and no-reference performance metrics. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation results proves that the proposed MDE algorithm outperforms others to a greater extend.     

动态权重的蝙蝠算法在图像分割中的应用研究

传统的最小交叉熵阈值分割法（MCET）采用穷举的搜索形式，存在计算复杂度大、分割效率低的缺点，在很大程度上限制了该方法的应用。针对最小交叉熵分割法存在的不足，提出采用改进蝙蝠算法（BA）来搜索阈值的最优解。对BA算法中的权重参数做自适应调整，将随着迭代次数变化而变化的时变惯性权重策略应用于BA算法更新公式，给出三种不同的改进策略解决原始BA算法在靠近最优解时收敛速度下降的问题。将改进后的最优BA算法（IBA）应用于最小交叉熵多阈值图像分割中，与基本BA算法、改进的粒子群优化算法（IPSO）、模糊聚类方法（FC）三种方法进行对比性实验。实验结果表明，提出的IBA算法运算速度和分割精度效果明显提升。     

A discriminative subject-specific spatio-spectral filter selection approach for EEG based motor-imagery task classification

Motor-imagery tasks generate event related synchronization and de-synchronization in certain subject-specific frequency ranges of the subject’s ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) signals. The selection of frequency ranges for each subject is important for obtaining better classification accuracy of motor-imagery based Brain Computer Interface (BCI). Further, the spatial filters extracted corresponding to the selected spectral ranges also influence the classification accuracy. In this paper, a subject-specific spatio-spectral filter selection approach using a cognitive fuzzy inference system for classification of the motor-imagery tasks in a two step approach is presented. The cognitive fuzzy inference system (CFIS) employs an evolving interval type-2 system to classify the non-stationary features. The classifier employs a meta-cognitive sequential algorithm to determine both the structure and parameters of the CFIS. In the first step, the CFIS classifier is used to find the desired spectral filters by eliminating those frequency bands that do not affect the classification performance. In the second step, CFIS is used to eliminate those spatial filters which do not affect the performance. The performance of CFIS based spatio-spectral scheme has been evaluated using two publicly available BCI competition data sets and compared with other existing algorithms like FBCSP, DCSP and BSSFO. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the CSP method by approximately 15–18% and other algorithms like FBCSP, DCSP by 8–10%. Compared to a recently proposed algorithm BSSFO, it achieves an improvement of 2%, but is simpler in comparison to BSSFO. The main impact of the work is its ability to handle non-stationarity using interval type-2 sets and provide good classification performance. In general, the proposed CFIS algorithm can be applied in the field of expert and intelligent systems where it is necessary to deal with non-stationary signals.     

Alopex-based evolutionary algorithm and its application to reaction kinetic parameter estimation

In this paper, a novel Alopex-based evolutionary algorithm (AEA) is proposed, whose distinguished features are stochastic selection and self-adaptive evolutionary computation. The AEA not only inherits the primary characteristics of basic evolutionary algorithms (EAs), but also possesses the merits of gradient methods and simulated annealing algorithm. It can efficiently maintain the population diversity and improve the capabilities of escaping from local optima. The numerical simulation results of 22 benchmark functions demonstrate that the performance of the proposed AEA is superior to that of the basic EAs. Finally, the new algorithm is applied to estimate the kinetic parameters of 2-chlorophenol oxidation of supercritical water. The promising results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method and show that it could be used as a reliable tool for engineering applications.     

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic based multiclass ANFIS algorithm for real-time EEG based movement control of a robot arm

Brain–computer interfacing is an emerging field of research where signals extracted from the human brain are used for decision making and generation of control signals. Selection of the right classifier to detect the mental states from electroencephalography (EEG) signal is an open area of research because of the signal’s non-stationary and Ergodic nature. Though neural network based classifiers, like Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), act efficiently, to deal with the uncertainties involved in EEG signals, we have introduced interval type-2 fuzzy system in the fray to improve its uncertainty handling. Also, real-time scenarios require a classifier to detect more than two mental states. Thus, a multi-class discriminating algorithm based on the fusion of interval type-2 fuzzy logic and ANFIS, is introduced in this paper. Two variants of this algorithm have been developed on the basis of One-Vs-All and One-Vs-One methods. Both the variants have been tested on an experiment involving the real-time control of robot arm, where both the variants of the proposed classifier, produces an average success rate of reaching a target to 65% and 70% respectively. The result shows the competitiveness of our algorithm over other standard ones in the domain of non-stationary and uncertain signal data classification.     

Image segmentation from scale and rotation invariant texture features from the double dyadic dual-tree complex wavelet transform

A goal of image segmentation is to divide an image into regions that have some semantic meaning. Because regions of semantic meaning often include variations in colour and intensity, various segmentation algorithms that use multi-pixel textures have been developed. A challenge for these algorithms is to incorporate invariance to rotation and changes in scale. In this paper, we propose a new scale and rotation invariant, texture-based segmentation algorithm, that performs feature extraction using the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT). The DT-CWT is used to analyse a signal at, and between, dyadic scales. The performance of image segmentation using this new method is compared with existing techniques over different imagery databases with operator produced ground truth data. Compared with previous algorithms, our segmentation results show that the new texture feature is capable of performing well over general images and particularly well over images containing objects with scaled and rotated textures.