High dynamic range swept time delay crosscorrelator

Analysis and theoretical results of a novel high dynamic range swept time delay crosscorrelator are presented. It is shown that, subject to the form of the post-multiplier filter employed, code self-noise is negligible and the dynamic range of the system is independent of the code length     

High resolution long range ISAR imaging systems

The requirements for high resolution, long range ISAR imaging systems capable of recognising targets have been outlined. Systems meeting these requirements and operating at mm-wavelengths have been proposed. The systems consist of N phased locked transmitters feeding as many antennas in phase. Quasi-optical power addition at the target occurs. In the receive mode all antennas are connected in phase. These systems can at least double the range obtained by utilising a system having one transmitter/antenna combination. Several realisation options have been studied including the annular synthesis antenna systems which offer some advantages over more conventional realisations.     

合成孔径成像激光雷达高分辨的一维距离像

合成孔径成像激光雷达是一种新的主动式有源成像系统,其突出优势是可以获得比合成孔径雷达更高的分辨率,和更接近光学图片的成像质量.对激光波段的高分辨距离像进行了研究,介绍了合成孔径成像激光雷达一维距离像的室内实验系统,有效地对合成孔径成像激光雷达一维距离像进行模拟.首先,简述了一维距离像的成像原理.然后,分析了系统的关键技术,给出了系统框图和连接关系,并且针对激光调谐信号的非线性问题,利用多项式推导出非线性的激光信号表达式,提出了一种时域补偿高阶相位误差的补偿方法.最后,通过实验证明了所提方法可以有效地消除各个脉冲的非线性问题,并且表明所给实验系统的可行性.     

DMD结合图像传感器的高动态场景成像探测

微镜阵列DMD空间光调制器结合图像传感器能够解决高动态场景中强弱目标同时探测的问题,获得高动态图像数据,能使光电成像设备动态范围扩展到130 dB以上。为了实现快速的像素级光强控制以及获得高质量的实际场景高动态图像数据,根据实际场景成像其非边缘区域的相邻像素值变化缓慢的特点,提出了一种适合DMD驱动方式的像素级调光算法-自适应空间区域法,它具有较快的收敛速度,最坏的情况下,经过N/I次即可完成调光权值的搜索;在以FPGA为驱动核心的高动态场景成像探测实验系统平台上,对DMD的驱动时序进行了分析研究。并通过此实验平台验证了自适应空间区域法的有效性,该方法能够实现对高动态场景中强弱目标的同时探测,具有很好的光强控制质量,对场景光强局部变化的适应性较强。     

High range resolution ultrasonographic vascular imaging using frequency domain interferometry with the Capon method

For high range resolution ultrasonographic vascular imaging, we apply frequency domain interferometry with the Capon method to a single frame of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data acquired using a commercial ultrasonographic device with a 7.5 MHz linear array probe. In order to tailor the adaptive beam forming algorithm for ultrasonography we employ four techniques: frequency averaging, whitening, radio-frequency data oversampling, and the moving average. The proposed method had a range resolution of 0.05 mm in an ideal condition, and experimentally detected the boundary couple 0.17 mm apart, where the boundary couple was indistinguishable from a single boundary utilizing a B-mode image. Further, this algorithm could depict a swine femoral artery with a range beam width of 0.054 mm and an estimation error for the vessel wall thickness of 0.009 mm, whereas using a conventional method the range beam width and estimation error were 0.182 and 0.021 mm, respectively. The proposed method requires 7.7 s on a mobile PC with a single CPU for a 1×3 cm region of interest. These findings indicate the potential of the proposed method for the improvement of range resolution in ultrasonography without deterioration in temporal resolution, resulting in enhanced detection of vessel stenosis.     

Maximum-likelihood multiresolution laser radar range imaging

Maximum-likelihood range imaging is considered for pulsed-imager operation of a coherent laser radar. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to develop an explicit procedure for maximum-likelihood fitting of a multiresolution (wavelet) basis-at a sequence of increasingly fine resolutions-to laser radar range data. Specialization to the Haar-wavelet basis yields a procedure that is both computationally efficient and numerically robust. Basic analytical properties of the estimation algorithm and its performance are presented, along with results based on simulated and real laser radar range data. It is shown that the weights associated with the expectation-maximization iterations provide a reliable indicator for terminating the coarse-to-fine resolution progression. At the weight-determined stopping point, estimation performance approaches the ultimate limit set by the complete-data bound.     

High dynamic range imaging with short- and long-exposures based on artificial remapping using multiscale exposure fusion

High dynamic range imaging (HDRI) is an excellent high-quality image acquisition technique, which can reflect real human visual characteristics from one (or several) captured low dynamic range (LDR) image. However, the input LDR image only provides partial information of the scene. Besides, in traditional HDRI methods that require multiple captured images as input, field of view errors can be induced, which will be difficult to apply it to the emerging image acquisition systems. Here, we propose a novel HDRI method that reconstructs an HDR image from only a pair of short- and long-exposure images based on artificial remapping using multi-scale exposure fusion. Firstly, we introduce a simulated exposure model called artificial remapping to synthesize a multi-exposure image sequence from the input LDR image pairs. Then, weighting maps of the sequence for fusion can be obtained according to the evaluation factors of contrast, saturation, as well as improved exposedness. Finally, we utilize the pyramid based multiscale exposure fusion framework to integrate them into an enhanced HDR image. Comparative experiments, fully implemented on some source images, have been demonstrated that better performance can be realized compared with some competing methods in qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Note that the operation of the proposed method is simple yet effective, which is easy to popularize. The method thus can be potentially applied to the emerging image acquisition systems where two images are captured simultaneously by two image sensors or by one image sensor with a pair of short- and long-exposure setting.     

红外成像系统作用距离的估算

在红外成像系统中,任何虚假和不需要的信号统称为噪声。噪声的存在干扰了有用信号的探测,减少了系统的作用距离。从信号和噪声和统计特性出发。文中详细推导了虚警概率与门限信噪比、探测概率与信噪比的关系,基于此推导了红外成像系统对点源目标的作用距离公式。对面源目标,重新确定了温差的概念,综合考虑目标的面形尺寸、观察等级和探测概率的要求,以MRTD为基准计算作用距离。编制了相应的软件,可以快速计算出不同探测概率下的作用距离。最后给出了计算实例。     

激光距离选通成像关键技术

距离选通技术是克服激光后向散射、提高激光距离选通成像系统信噪比的有效方法.阐述了激光距离选通成像原理,详细分析了距离选通关键技术,指出传统的距离选通同步控制系统的缺点,并提出一种改进的距离选通同步控制方案.     

Real-time long range complementary correlation optical time domainreflectometer

The improved performance of an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) through the application of a correlation technique using codes with complementary autocorrelation properties is discussed. The theoretical foundations of the method are presented along with experimental results exhibiting the best one-way range reported to date for a practical long-haul, long-wavelength OTDR system     

红外成像系统作用距离计算

分析了红外成像系统的几个主要性能参数。根据大气环境条件、目标几何形状以及目标和背景热辐射特征,进行了必要的修正,完成了不同探测及识别要求时系统的作用距离计算。计算可根据理论模型或实验室实测数据进行,并适用于点目标和面目标。     

红外焦平面成像系统动态范围自适应技术研究

针对目前一些红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)成像系统动态范围较小的问题,分析比较了国内外在系统动态范围扩展方面的研究及其优缺点,介绍了通过自适应调节系统积分时间的工作方式来调整动态范围的方法。包括3个方面的内容：采用对获得图像进行特征判断的方法获取调整依据;结合LMS自适应滤波技术给出了调整算法;由于积分时间的变化会对系统非均匀性产生影响,结合两点校正法提出了一种简单可行的非均匀性问题的解决方案。最后,对整体方案进行了实验验证,通过实验证明了自适应动态范围调整方法的可行性,并获得了较好的效果,成像质量有明显提高。     

无扫描宽范围多波长成像测温技术

多波长测温是一种先进的辐射测温技术,其原理是假定发射率光谱模型,利用测得的多波长辐射与波长发射率函数关系,求得目标的真温和发射率。多波长成像测温技术通过探测目标的多波长辐射图像信息,反演计算得到目标的温场分布。针对基于彩色CCD的多波长成像测温不能适应非线性光谱发射率模型、测温动态范围较窄等不足,提出了一种基于光阑处非等比例滤色分光的四波长无扫描成像测温方法,有效压缩了波段成像带宽,形成了四个窄波段的成像探测,适用于非线性光谱发射率模型目标宽动态范围温场测量。根据提出的测温方法研制了四波长成像测温仪。测温仪主要由窗口、中性衰减片、四色滤光片、光学物镜镜头、可见/近红外集成传感器、测量控制单元及软件等部分组成。测温仪软件由目标四个波长的单色成像图像,得到目标的真温温场分布。在激光加热条件下对800~2500 ℃目标高温温场进行了试验测试,测量结果与热电偶数据比对表明误差小于1%,具有较高的准确度和较好的动态范围适应性。     

基于双焦成像的测距技术研究

单目双焦立体成像是计算机视觉近年发展的一个重要分支,有着广泛的应用前景。单目双焦成像测距系统,通过改变相机焦距对空间物体两次成像并通过计算可以得到物体的距离。研究了摄像机标定精度、像点径向视差以及相机旋转或平移对测距精度的影响,分析了物体成像面积不随光轴变化的特性,提出了基于成像面积的测距算法,在新的目标距离公式中,用目标的成像面积代替了传统算法中的像点矢量,因此新算法不需要在频繁地改变相机焦距的同时反复地标定摄像机主点位置,这样就解决了双焦成像测距的实时性问题。实验结果表明,提出的算法较传统测距算法有更     

3-D radar imaging using range migration techniques

An imaging system with three-dimensional (3-D) capability can be implemented by using a stepped frequency radar which synthesizes a two-dimensional (2-D) planar aperture. A 3-D image can be formed by coherently integrating the backscatter data over the measured frequency band and the two spatial coordinates of the 2-D synthetic aperture. This paper presents a near-field 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm. This algorithm is an extension of the 2-D range migration algorithm (RMA). The presented formulation is justified by using the method of the stationary phase (MSP). Implementation aspects including the sampling criteria, resolutions, and computational complexity are assessed. The high computational efficiency and accurate image reconstruction of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using an outdoor linear SAR system     

距离目标像欺骗干扰的效果分析

国外在研与现役雷达大多采用线性调频脉冲压缩技术,为了对其进行有效的欺骗干扰,利用数字射频存储(DRFM)技术,采用时移,幅度加权和移频调制的方法,分别产生静止假目标,整体运动假目标以及有局部运动的假目标,模拟一定信干比条件下的雷达回波与干扰经该类雷达的信号处理过程,对其进行距离速度欺骗.分析当干扰存在时合成目标像位置及运动速度偏离真实目标像位置速度的程度.当干扰能量变大时,合成目标的参数就越接近于干扰假目标的参数,从而隐藏了真实目标的方位与运动状态,取得较好的干扰效果.     

High frequency wide range CMOS analogue multiplier

A new CMOS analogue cell which can be used to implement a four-quadrant multiplier circuit is introduced. Simulation results of the circuit using the MOSIS 2 mu m process parameters are given. The circuit has an input range of +or-4 V and linearity error less than 1% for inputs up to +or-3 V. The magnitude and phase response are very flat; even at 30 MHz the change in the magnitude is less than 0.086 dB (1%) and the phase shift is less than 5 degrees .<>     

Radio imaging of moving targets: the one-dimensional case(microwave range)

The detection of moving targets by passive radio temperature measurements is studied. A radio image is reconstructed by linear spatial filtering of simultaneous measured brightness samples, obtained by multiple regularly spaced antenna beams. With fixed spatial filters, the receiver integration time must be short enough to freeze motion, thus limiting the signal-to-noise ratio obtained in the reconstruction image. It is shown that in the one-dimensional case a time-varying matched spatial filter yields the same signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstructed image as would be obtained from a stationary target with a fixed matched filter     

Three-dimensional near-field MIMO array imaging using range migration techniques

This paper presents a 3-D near-field imaging algorithm that is formulated for 2-D wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) imaging array topology. The proposed MIMO range migration technique performs the image reconstruction procedure in the frequency-wavenumber domain. The algorithm is able to completely compensate the curvature of the wavefront in the near-field through a specifically defined interpolation process and provides extremely high computational efficiency by the application of the fast Fourier transform. The implementation aspects of the algorithm and the sampling criteria of a MIMO aperture are discussed. The image reconstruction performance and computational efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using 2-D MIMO arrays. Real-time 3-D near-field imaging can be achieved with a real-aperture array by applying the proposed MIMO range migration techniques.     

基于人眼安全激光的SWIR选通成像技术研究

阐述了基于人眼安全激光的短波红外(SWIR)选通成像技术的基本原理;依据选通成像系统对接收成像探测器的要求,对满足选通成像条件的三种SWIR焦平面器件,即HgCdTe APD FPA、InGaAs/InP TE EBCMOS和InGaAs FPA进行了性能介绍;结合基于这三种探测器的典型选通相机以及人眼安全激光选通成像系统,对这三种探测器进行了简要性能分析和对比,并给出了系统及探测器选择的建议。