掺杂Fe2 O3对ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30 nm)和Fe2O3,纳米粉(平均粒径90 nm)为原料,利用传统的厚膜气敏传感器制备工艺,制备了纯ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器和掺杂Fe2O3(掺杂量为1wt%,2wt%和5wt%)的ZnO厚膜气敏传感器.分别测试了这四种厚膜气敏传感器的本征电阻(传感器在空气中的电阻值)及其对乙醇,汽油,丙酮,对二甲苯,氢气,甲烷和CO敏感特性.结果表明:当工作温度在较低时,Fe2O13,的掺杂可明显降低ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器的本征电阻,并提高其工作稳定性,而适量Fe2O3的掺杂可以提高ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器对乙醇蒸气和汽油的灵敏度.结合对传感器厚膜的显微结构分析结果,我们对出现上述差异的原因进行了初步讨论.     

ZnO-Sb2O3烧结体系的电导和气敏性能

采用金属蒸气氧化的方法制备了四针状ZnO和近球形Sb2O3纳米颗粒．检测了基于ZnO—Sb2O3烧结体系的电导和气敏性能，通过XRD分析不同重量百分比的ZnO和Sb2O3混合粉末在烧结后的物相变化，据此讨论了ZnO—Sb2O3烧结体系的电导和气敏性能的变化。结果表明：纳米颗粒可以在较低的烧结温度下发生固相反应，并且生成的复合氧化物ZnSb2O6和Zn2.33Sb0.67O4对烧结厚膜的电导和气敏性能起调控作用。     

掺杂Al2O3纳米粉对ZnO厚膜气敏传感器性能的影响

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30 nm)和Al2O3纳米粉(平均粒径5 nm)为原料,利用传统的厚膜气敏传感器制备工艺制备了纯ZnO厚膜气敏传感器和掺杂Al2O3(掺杂量为2wt%和5wt%)的ZnO厚膜气敏传感器.对这三种厚膜传感器的本征电阻及对乙醇蒸汽的敏感特性进行了测试.结果表明:掺杂少量Al2O3纳米粉可明显降低ZnO气敏传感器的本征电阻,改善传感器的烧结性能,同时还可降低其最佳工作温度,提高器件对乙醇的灵敏度.结合厚膜气敏传感器的显微结构分析结果,对出现上述差异的原因进行了讨论.     

基于正交试验的La_2O_3掺杂SnO_2气敏传感器的研究

以SnO2纳米粉和La2O3纳米粉为原料,采用高能球磨技术,结合正交试验设计,制备了经过高能球磨的纯SnO2纳米粉体和掺杂适量La2O3的SnO2纳米粉体。利用传统的厚膜气敏传感器制备工艺,制备了纯SnO2厚膜气敏传感器及掺杂一定量La2O3的SnO2厚膜气敏传感器。并对其本征电阻及其对乙醇、汽油、丙酮、氢气和CO等气体的敏感特性进行了测试。结果表明各因素对综合气敏性能影响的显著性水平由大到小依次为La2O3掺杂浓度〉烧结时间〉老化时间〉烧结温度。同时,通过分析还得到了最佳组合工艺。La2O3掺量为5%（质量分数）,烧结时间为2h,老化时间为7d,烧结温度为650℃条件下制备的气敏元件的综合气敏性能最好,其中对1.0×10-3乙醇蒸气的灵敏度达107.2,对相同浓度的干扰气体的选择性分别为S乙醇/S汽油=11.3,S乙醇/S丙酮=9.1。     

ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器的制备和性质表征

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30nm)为原料,利用水热热压方法制备了多孔的ZnO体块纳米固体,测试了以多孔纳米固体为原料制成的厚膜气敏传感器对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)乙醇、丙酮、苯、甲苯和二甲苯蒸气的气敏特性,并与用ZnO纳米粉制备的厚膜传感器进行了比较.结果发现,与ZnO纳米粉相比,用ZnO多孔纳米固体制备的厚膜传感器在空气中的电阻大大减小,最佳敏感温度降低、响应时间和恢复时间大大缩短.通过综合分析ZnO纳米粉和ZnO多孔纳米固体的XRD、TEM及厚膜传感器的SEM测试结果研究了厚膜传感器气敏特性的差异.     

Bi2O3对烧结LiZn铁氧体性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺制备了掺Bi2O3的Li0.4Zn0.2Fe24O4铁氧体．用XRD、SEM、密度测试和磁性能表征，研究了Bi2O3对LiZn铁氧体性能的影响．结果表明：Bi2O3能有效抑制烧结过程中的锂挥发，促进固相反应，降低烧结温度，但过多的Bi2O3会阻止晶粒生长；适量掺杂Bi2O3可以提高LiZn铁氧体的饱和磁感应强度和矩形比，降低铁氧体的矫顽力．     

注Sb/Bi氧化锡薄膜化学结构

运用俄歇化学效应和XPS研究了高能离子注入的Sb／Bi元素在氧化锡气敏膜中的存在形式。结果表明氧化锡薄膜在注入Sb后，Sb和SnOx物相产生相互作用形成了SbySnOx物种，该物种提高了气敏薄膜的导电性能。氧化锡薄膜高能离子注入Bi后，Bi并没有和SnOx相发生作用，而仍以金属Bi和Bi2O3两种物相存在。金属Bi的存在可以提高薄膜的导电性能以及提高对CO的气敏选择特性。     

Pr6O11掺杂对ZnO-Bi2O3系压敏材料性能影响的研究

采用稀土氧化物Pr6O11对ZnO—Bi2O3系压敏材料进行了改性研究，探讨了Pr6O11对该材料主要性能及微观结构的影响．结果表明，Pr6O11掺杂量较小时，能够显著提高ZnO压敏材料非线性系数，减小漏电流，并基本不影响压敏电压．当Pr6O11掺杂达到一定量时，在保持较高非线性系数，较小漏电流的同时，压敏电压与不含Pr6O11的ZnO压敏材料相比提高约60％；XRD、SEM等分析表明Pr6O11的引入改变了原有材料的微观结构组织，使该材料微观结构中ZnO晶粒尺寸减小，分布均匀、致密．     

Y2O3掺杂量对ZnO-Bi2O3-Nb2O5压敏陶瓷电性能的影响

通过掺杂Y2O3和优化烧结工艺制备了ZnO-Bi2O3-Nb2O5压敏陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM和VSR研究了Y2O3掺杂量对其电性能的影响。结果表明，随着Y2O3掺杂量增加，陶瓷电阻率ρ减小，非线性系数α增大；Bi2O3气氛下烧结（1170℃、保温2．5h）的陶瓷，当x（Bi2O3）和x（Nb2O5）为3％、y（Y2O...     

Cd2SnO4水热制备及其气敏性能研究

以SnCl4.5H2O、CdCl2·1/2H2O和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了Cd2SnO4粒子。通过XRD和SEM对其物相和形貌进行了分析,并将其制成气敏元件,进行气敏性能测试。结果表明制得的Cd2SnO4粒子为多面体,对乙醇、丙酮和三乙胺有较高的灵敏度和好的响应-恢复特性。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.