Bias Voltage Controlled Three-Phase Converter with High Power Factor

In rectifier systems, the compensation of reactive power accompanied with conventional line commutation is a significant problem. The most desirable and effective technique for realizing reactive power compensation is not the addition of more reactive compensators but the improvement of the converter circuit in itself. The new three-phase converter using the latter technique is proposed and discussed. It consists of a combination of the bias voltage control and the conventional phase control. The original scheme of this was presented in [1] for the single-phase type. The new three-phase converter scheme, its operation, characteristics such as power factor, harmonic contents of line current, design indexes, and experimental results are described. The new converter proposed will be suitable for large power systems.     

Modified static VAR compensator using a large value AC capacitor

To overcome some of the limitations of conventional static VAR compensators (SVCs) which are widely used for reactive power compensation, a modified SVC (MSVC) has been proposed. MSVC uses a large value AC capacitor. The large value AC capacitor is realized using unipolar DC capacitors and power semiconductor devices. Unlike the conventional SVCs, the proposed MSVC does not require additional shunt passive filters for harmonic filtering. MSVC has been verified through analysis and simulation. A practical implementation of MSVC has been realized and tested.     

牵引变电所电能质量混合动态治理技术

为解决牵引变电所功率因数低,谐波含量及负序含量大的问题,结合有源和无源的优势,提出一种由多级大容量的晶闸管投切电容器和一台小容量静止无功发生器构成的低成本混合动态补偿系统:前者根据负载对无功功率进行分级补偿,后者对前者补偿差进行补偿,两者以2倍变比配置实现有源容量最小化。通过控制牵引所2个臂的无功功率以减少系统负序电流;同时根据静止无功发生器发出的无功功率,进行载波变频控制,提高对谐波的抑制效果。将该系统投入运行,对比分析投入前后电能质量参数,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

电力电容器串联电抗器及其补偿容量的算法

由于电力电子元件、变频设备、非线性负荷的存在,变压器结构不对称或工艺等问题,导致出现谐波电压或者谐波电流,在无功功率补偿装置中,谐波对电力电容器的影响主要表现在增加电容器损耗、放大谐波电流、引起电容器过热和降低电容器寿命等方面.为减少或避免高次谐波对电容器的危害,应从电能质量和抑制谐波装置上采取措施.本文就低压并联电容...     

双级矩阵变换器输入电压不平衡控制策略

双级矩阵变换器(又称为间接矩阵变换器)是一种新的矩阵变换器拓扑,存在中间直流环节,但不包含储能的电容或者电感.因此,当输入侧电压不平衡时,输入输出电流波形将直接受到影响,降低了双级矩阵变换器的性能.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于瞬时无功理论的补偿方法.在输入电压不平衡情况下,该方法控制输入侧有功为恒定,构造输入电流矢量参考值,并对整流级电路和逆变级电路分别采用空间矢量脉宽调制,从而保证输出性能的稳定.实验结果表明,该方法有效地减小了输入输出电流中的谐波含量,改善了变换器的性能.     

并联电容器的谐波放大及对策

并联电容器是目前电网中普遍应用的无功补偿装置，用于提高功率因数，改善电能质量。由于电容器的阻抗呈容性，易与电力系统中的谐波产生相互影响，发生谐波的并联谐振和电容器对谐波电流的谐波放大，造成电容器和电气设备的损坏。通过实例分析了谐波对电容器的危害及并联电容器对谐波放大作用，应合理地配置电容器和电抗器，以避免电气参数匹配发生谐振，控制谐波电流放大。     

多功能并网变换器容量优化控制策略

随着"双高"电力系统的发展,并网环境呈现薄弱、复杂态势.电网阻抗的存在使得并网点容易受谐波干扰及无功功率波动的影响,恶化并网电能质量,影响并网变换器友好并网,仅以有功功率为传输目标的传统并网变换器已难以适应上述工况.基于现状提出一种具有谐波抑制功能的光伏逆变器控制策略.指令电流由谐波检测环节和直流侧稳压控制环节组成,根...     

基于MPPMSG及混合式3L变流器的新型风电变换系统的设计和比较

在MW级大功率直驱风电系统中,发电机出口电压等级经常采用较低的690V,因此额定电流等级比较高,这对于全功率变流器设计是不利的.常规的解决方案是采用传统的两电平变流器并联来分摊容量,但是这是一种效率不高的解决方案.相比之下,多电平变流器具有较高的效率以及优越的谐波性能,只是在低压应用中半导体成本很高,而且还存在电容电压...     

轻型功率变换器拓扑结构及其控制技术综述

首先概述了一般意义的功率变换器类型和常规开关型功率变换器拓扑结构。在检索国内外大量文献的基础上,首次提出轻型功率变换器的概念,并总结了业已提出的轻型功率变换器结构和控制方法,即矩阵变换器、减小直流电容的单PWM功率变换器、减小直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的单PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器等5大类。把针对常规功率变换器改进而设计的各种拓扑结构及其控制技术统一起来,以理想功率变换器作为这类装置的研究目标,具有理论和应用指导意义。     

Stabilization of Power Supply for the Shinkansen with Power Converters

In the Tokaido Shinkansen, rolling stock types have been unified as an inverter controlled type, which was introduced after Series 300. As a result, the input power factor of the main converter used in the rolling stock has been controlled to 1. In accordance with this change, the role of reactive compensation of static var compensators (SVC) has shifted from the load power of trains to the power consumed by the reactance in the electrical power system. Therefore, when taking into consideration the aging of power converters, it is time to reassess their layout and the configuration for the future of the Tokaido Shinkansen. We reassessed the equipment configuration, capacity, and layout of power converters and verified the impact on the stabilization of the power supply when introducing self‐commutated power converters.     

基于晶闸管的静止同步补偿器的建模与实现

通过对静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)换流过程的分析,说明基于晶闸管的电压型和电流型STATCOM的基本原理,建立并求解基于三相回路方程和功率平衡方程的数学模型。提出当工作角度满足要求时,电压型晶闸管STATCOM可吸收无功,电流型晶闸管STATCOM可发出无功。构建了12脉冲电压型晶闸管STATCOM样机装置,实验验证了电压型晶闸管STATCOM的可行性。实验结果表明,电压型晶闸管STATCOM在其工作范围内能吸收连续可调无功功率。装置工作电流谐波小,具备普通STATCOM装置的优点,可用于电力系统无功补偿领域。采用该装置可以降低STATCOM的成本,实现国产化。     

An Isolated PFC Zeta-forward Single-stage Single-switch for LED Driver Without Electrolytic Capacitor

Abstract

The high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require an AC/DC converter with power factor correction (PFC). The large output electrolytic capacitor, which is used to minimize the low frequency LED current ripple, degrades the operating lifetime of the LED driver. In order to increase the lifetime of an AC–DC LED driver, the electrolytic capacitor should be eliminated without significantly increasing the output current ripple. In this article, an isolated single-stage single-switch AC/DC high power factor LED driver without electrolytic capacitor is proposed in which a zeta power factor (PF) corrector is integrated with a forward converter. The detailed theoretical analysis and design procedure of the proposed single-stage PFC converter is presented. The experimental results of a 110 V_rms, 21?W prototype verify the theoretical analysis. The input PF is 0.99 in the proposed converter that complies with lighting equipment standards such as IEC-1000-3-2 for class C equipment.     

双电源交错备用型通用电能质量控制器

传统的通用电能质量控制器(GPQC)直流侧如果没有储能装置,则无法实现不间断供电;即使直流侧装设储能装置,蓄电池储能或超级电容器储能都存在补偿时间、补偿容量及使用寿命均有限等问题。为此提出了一种由两个并联变换器和两个串联变换器构成(每一个并联变换器和串联变换器都通过一个直流电容交错的连接在一起)的新双电源交错备用型通用电能质量控制器(DPS-GPQC)和一种简单有效的控制策略。DPS-GPQC能够同时补偿电网谐波电压、电压跌落和上升、电压中断、三相电压不平衡、谐波电流及无功电流,且能够实现两个不同电源之间能量的交错备用。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的仿真结果表明了DPS-GPQC良好的性能和所提控制策略的有效性。因此,所提结构既能同时解决两个不同系统的大多数电能质量问题,又可以有效提高电力系统的供电可靠性。     

特高压直流换流站滤波电容器噪声特性试验研究

在特高压直流换流站中,滤波电容器装置和无功补偿电容器装置是占地面积最大的设备,所以其发出的噪声对换流站总体噪声水平影响很大。电容器装置尺寸高、电容器数量巨大、电容塔处于高电位的这些特点决定了在外部进行噪声治理十分困难,而内部降噪需要对电容器的噪声特性进行研究。为解决此问题,对特高压直流换流站中电容器在不同电源波形作用下的噪声及其特点进行了试验研究,得到了电容器噪声特性规律和影响噪声水平的主要因素,为电容器内部降噪打下了基础。     

A Combined Frequency Converter for Soft Acceleration of Induction Electric Drives with Heavy Starting Conditions

The usability of a thyristor frequency converter with a supplementary controlled series compensator for soft starting of induction motors with high torque of inertia of actuating mechanisms is considered as an alternative to transistor converters. It is shown that the supplemental device, in the form of a transistor–capacitor convertor, can be considered as an adjustable capacitor, the equivalent capacitance of which can be varied from very large values (to a maximum of infinitely large) to some fixed minimum value. The voltage of an adjustable series capacitor provides the desired switching conditions of thyristor inverter, and the capacitive reactance ensures the compensation of reactive power consumed by the induction motor and thyristor inverter, reducing the current load of the motor and converter. The addition of a thyristor current converter with a controlled series compensator of reactive power in the form of a transistor–capacitor unit makes it possible to carry out a soft start of induction motors similar to the starting modes of synchronous machines. Simulation results confirming the achievement of the desired effect are presented. It is shown that the supplemental device in the form of transistor–capacitor converter is a robust system well adaptable to various conditions of electric-drive operation. The functional equivalence of a transistor frequency converter and thyristor frequency converter with a supplemental transistor–capacitor unit with a substantially lower cost of the latter makes possible a new mechanism for soft starting of powerful electric drives with induction motors under conditions of high torques of inertia of actuating mechanisms.     

A 6.6‐kV transformerless cascade PWM STATCOM. Experimental verification by a three‐phase 200‐V, 10‐kVa laboratory system

This paper deals with a 6.6‐kV transformerless STATCOM cascading multiple single‐phase H‐bridge PWM converters in each phase. The AC voltage of the STATCOM is almost sinusoidal, so that it requires no harmonic filter. Each converter is equipped with a capacitor and a voltage sensor on the DC side, which are electrically isolated from each other. The STATCOM has the capability of self‐starting and voltage‐balancing without any external power supply or equipment. Experiments using a three‐phase 200‐V, 10‐kVA laboratory system, along with computer simulations, are carried out to confirm the viability and effectiveness of the STATCOM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(1): 55–64, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley. com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20822     

新型直流输电系统故障恢复特性

为了解不同无功补偿方式对交流系统强度的不同影响度,提出了一种自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽的新型换流变压器,其结构特点在于换流变压器阀侧角接三角形绕组端部引出抽头接辅助滤波兼无功补偿装置,有效的将谐波抑制于阀侧并部分的补偿换流器所消耗的无功功率,在此基础上建立了一种新型的直流输电系统。对新系统和目前广泛使用的无功补偿设备在HVDC故障恢复过程中作用的仿真分析结果表明,新型换流变压器能够增强交流系统,故障切除后HVDC可以较快的恢复,提高了输电系统运行的安全稳定性。     

用于通用电能质量控制器的一种简单补偿策略和统一控制方法

将谐波和短时电压跌落问题确定为通用电能质量控制器的补偿对象,进而提出了相应的补偿策略和统一控制方法.相对其他多功能的补偿器来说,该方法简单且能有效协调两个变流器的控制,不需区分不同的电能质量问题并选择不同的控制策略,对变流器容量要求也不高.仿真和实验表明该补偿策略和控制方法有效,通用电能质量控制器具有良好的补偿性能.     

新型换流变压器在地铁供电中的应用

针对城轨交通供电系统的传统换流站产生的谐波和无功功率由变压器绕组注入交流网侧,既增大变压器制造成本,又产生噪音问题,提出了一种具有内部三角形绕组的自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器,它将传统无功补偿装置移至绕组内部且公共绕组的等效短路阻抗为零阻抗设计,使二次侧各种谐波源无法进入高压网络,有效抑制了供电系统中的谐波成分,从而具备自耦补偿和谐波屏蔽功能。对比传统的轴向双分裂式12脉波牵引整流变压器,分析新型换流变压器的谐波电流后计算出了变压器网侧电流特征谐波。新型换流变压器可以进一步减小网侧特征谐波,且解决了传统的轴向双分裂式12脉波牵引整流变压器副边匝比问题。     

采用虚拟电阻的电力电容器保护法

电力电容器易与系统阻抗发生谐振引起过电压和过电流，常规的谐振保护方法是在产生谐振时切除电容器组。作者分析了通过阻抗变换抑制谐振、保护电容器的机理，将瞬时无功谐波电流检测法引入到电压型逆变器，通过在电容器支路串联一个对基波有功功率和谐波分量呈正电阻性质的功率变换器实现在谐振情况下对电容器组的保护。由于该方法无需切除电容器，也保证了对系统正常的无功补偿。运用Matlab软件对某10 kV配电系统中无功补偿电容器组的谐振保护进行仿真，结果表明了上述方法的正确性和有效性。