超临界流体萃取植物精油的研究

超临界萃取技术是一种新兴的分离技术,本文论述了超临界流体萃取技术的重要性,对超临界流体萃取技术在植物精油提取方面的最新应用研究进行了总结,对植物精油超临界萃取的数学建模进行了综述,其中包括两相模型、多组分多孔球解吸附-溶解-扩散(DDD)模型、微分质量守恒模型等,并对各个模型的萃取机理和模型的求解方法进行了分析和论述。     

Separation of Phenantrene from Anthracene Oil using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a relatively new separation technique that has received much attention in recent years. This process is an alternative to distillation or liquid extraction. Its main advantage over the conventional ones is that the dissolved extract may be completely separated from the supercritical fluid simply by decreasing the pressure. In recent years considerable effort has been devoted to the measurement of equilibrium solubility data for solids in supercritical fluids. A coal tar distillate, anthracene oil, which contains 34.46 mass‐% phenanthrene, 33.8 mass‐% anthracene, 13.89 mass‐% carbazole and other impurities, was used as the model mixture. In this study, an experimental flow‐type apparatus has been designed to determine solubility data for the main components of anthracene oil (phenanthrene, anthracene, and carbazole) as a binary, quaternary, and multi component mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide. The equilibrium solubilities were measured at 45 °C isotherm, over a pressure range of 98–200 bar. The separation of phenanthrene from anthracene oil has been also studied by supercritical carbon dioxide at different temperatures and pressure in an extracting vessel containing 27 sieve trays.     

肉豆蔻超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺及其精油的GC-MS分析研究

本文应用超临界CO2 萃取技术 ,研究了肉豆蔻精油及树脂的提取工艺及精油的GC -MS成分分析。结合温度、压力、堆积密度、CO2 流量等因素对肉豆蔻精油和树脂的萃出率的影响 ,采用四因素三水平的正交设计 ,得出肉豆蔻精油及树脂的最佳萃取工艺条件为 :温度 30℃、压力 2 5MPa、CO2 流量 15L/h、堆积密度 0 .5 1± 0 .0 2g/L。     

超临界流体萃取技术在香精香料工业中的应用和研究

:本文阐述了用超临界流体萃取技术在从天然芳香原料中提取香精香料的应用和研究进展等     

原料状况及超临界二氧化碳流体萃取操作条件对当归油萃取率的影响研究

运用超临界流体萃取技术提取当归油 ,综合考察了原料状况 (粒度、水分 )和萃取釜条件 (温度、压力、萃取釜中原料加入量、是否放置填料、填料位置以及SC -CO2 流量 )对当归油萃取率的影响 ,得到较好的超临界流体萃取当归油的条件为 :1L萃取釜装料量 2 5 0 g ,压力 18- 2 0MPa ,温度 4 0℃ ,釜底放置填料 ,时间为 ( 2 - 2 .5 )hr ,原料粒度 ( 4 0 - 6 0 )目 ,含水量 ( 5 .87- 8.7) % ,SC -CO2 流量Q =( 5 - 15 )kg/hr。当归油萃取率可大于 2 .5 7%。     

Antioxidant Activity and Total Polyphenols Content of Camellia Oil Extracted by Optimized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

In this study, Camellia oil is co-extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds and green tea scraps by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), which is optimized on the extraction yield, ABTS-scavenging activity, and total polyphenols content (TPC) of oil by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction temperature, pressure, dynamic time, carbon dioxide (CO₂) flow rate, and seed mass ratio were investigated with single-factor experiments. The results indicated the optimum CO₂ flow rate and dynamic extraction time were 15 L hour⁻¹ and 60 min (i.e., 2.382 kg CO₂/100 g sample). Furthermore, the complicated effects of extraction temperature (40–50 °C), pressure (20–30 MPa), and seed mass ratio (0.25–0.75) were optimized by RSM based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The models with high R-squared values were obtained and used to predict the optimum operating conditions of the process. Under the optimum operating conditions (i.e., temperature of 46 °C, pressure of 30 MPa, and seed mass ratio of 0.35), the extraction yield, ABTS-scavenging activity, and TPC of oil were 14.43 ± 0.17 g/100 g sample, 73.70 ± 0.34%, and 2.18 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g oil, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. In addition, the experiments indicated that the Camellia oil obtained was rich in polyphenols, resulting in better oxidation stability and antioxidant activity than the original oil.     

超临界CO2流体萃取无花果挥发油化学组份的研究

本文采用超临界CO2 流体萃取无花果挥发油 ,平均出油率为 4 .35 %。利用气相色谱———质谱联用仪对无花果挥发油成分分离和鉴定了 6 1种成分 ,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数。发现与文献水蒸气蒸馏法所得之挥发油组分有相当差别。     

超临界CO2流体萃取辛夷挥发油化学组分的研究

本文在国内首次采用超临界ＣＯ_流萃取辛夷挥发油,利用色谱－质谱联用（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）法对挥发油进行了化学组分的定性和定量分析,鉴定出５５个组分,平均出油率为４．１５％,发现与文献水蒸汽蒸馏法所得之挥发油组分有相当差别。     

Separation of perillyl alcohol from the peel of citrus unshiu by supercritical CO2 and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

To separate perillyl alcohol (POH), a potential anti-cancer agent, the peel of citrus unshiu was extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction (SCE) system at 50 ‡C, 200 bar and 6 kg CO₂/hr/kg sample. The extracts were partitioned by acetonitrile/hexane (90/10, vol%). POH was eluted in the acetonitrile phase. An open-tubular chromatography with silica gel (40–63 Μm) was used to purify POH from the acetonitrile phase. Mobile phase was hexane/ethyl acetate (90/10, vol%). To obtain POH in a pure form, finally preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was applied. The collection of POH from citrus unshiu peel was achieved on a laboratory-prepared Chromatographic column (300x3.9 mm) packed with 15 Μm C₁₈ preparative packings. The composition of mobile phase was water/acetonitrile (50/50, vol%). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 ml/min and UV wavelength was fixed at 205 nm. It was found that the total yield of POH was 1.6xl0^-3 (wt%) as the dry powder of citrus unshiu peel.     

荆芥挥发油提取方法的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法和溶剂提取法是提取荆芥挥发油的传统方法,随着科技的发展必然被新的方法所取代。超临界流体萃取和微波提取法通过与水蒸气蒸馏法比较,表现出提取速率更快、提取率更高的优良特性。研究新提取方法对于改进荆芥挥发油的生产工艺,提高生产效率有重要意义。     

Ternary phase equilibria of the iso-propanol+water+carbon dioxide system at high pressure

Ternary phase diagrams are presented for the system: iso-propanol(IPA)+water+carbon dioxide at temperatures from 15 to 70 °C and pressures from 7 to 17 MPa. The distribution coefficients of IPA between the dense phase carbon dioxide and water changed dramatically with temperature and pressure. In the vicinity of the critical point, distribution coefficients was low, yet at liquid-like densities carbon dioxide had a high affinity for IPA. Selectivity reversal was observed at differing pressures. High selectivity of CO₂ for IPA was achieved in the near-critical liquid and in supercritical carbon dioxide at high pressure.     

Influence of Operating Parameters on Biomass Conversion under Sub‐ and Supercritical Water Conditions

The influence of reaction pressure, reaction time, reaction temperature, and biomass‐to‐water mass ratio R on the conversion of miscanthus biomass to biofuels under sub‐ and supercritical water (SCW) conditions was investigated. The highest total conversion was obtained under SCW conditions and the heating value increased under subcritical and SCW conditions. The findings herein show that near‐supercritical and supercritical water at 400 °C and high pressure can be an effective reaction medium for converting biomass to oils with relatively low oxygen contents in high yields.     

超临界萃取法对渣油加氢前后金属含量分析研究

以高硫劣质渣油为原料,在渣油加氢处理反应器上对减压渣油进行加氢处理,得到渣油加氢生成油。对原料渣油和渣油加氢生成油分别进行超临界流体萃取分离,按质量收率10%分割成几个不同的组分,研究反应前后各个组分中金属含量的变化。减压渣油经过超临界流体萃取分馏后,大部分金属都集中在残渣中,说明超临界流体萃取分馏对金属有较好的选择性。减压渣油在所确定的工艺条件下经过加氢处理,所得渣油加氢生成油进行超临界流体萃取分馏。结果表明,残渣中金属所占的比例增加,相当于金属进一步在残渣中"浓缩"。随着加氢的进行,金属脱除,渣油中很难脱除的Ni和V在各个组分间的分布发生变化,馏分油中的金属所占的比例减少,而残渣中的金属所占的比例增加,未能脱除的金属主要浓缩在残渣中,这部分浓缩于残渣中的金属很难脱除。     

岩蔷薇超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术 ,研究了岩蔷薇的萃取工艺。探讨了温度、压力、时间及CO2 流量等因素对萃取物得率的影响 ,采用四因素四水平的正交设计 ,得出超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺条件为 :压力 2 8MPa、温度 40℃、时间 3h、流量 3 0L/h ,萃取物得率为 6.6%。产品质量优于有机溶剂萃取法。     

紫外分光光度法测油技术探讨

对采用紫外分光光度法测定水中含油物质的分析过程进行系列实验,探讨了提高实验室分析准确度、精密度的分析方法。     

化学纤维含油率的测试方法探析

化学纤维的含油率测试是生产过程中质控的一项较为重要的考核指标,包含10种以上方法。针对其方法的多样性,作为抽查的仲裁机构,需对每种试验方法进行分析,并针对所有方法,筛选出适合检测机构仲裁的试验方法。结合标准GB/T 6504—2008中试验方法的规定和检测机构的普遍情况,分析了每种方法的原理、操作方法以及优缺点,得出最适合的仲裁方法为标准萃取法。     

Influence of Extraction Method on Yield,Physicochemical Properties and Tocopherol Content of Manketti (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Schinziophyton rautanenii</Emphasis>) Nut Oil

The influence of extraction method on yield, physicochemical characteristics and tocopherol content of manketti nut oil extracted by four different methods has been determined. Soxhlet (SE) and supercritical fluid (SFE) extractions yielded 45.3 and 44.8%, respectively, while screw press and mechanical shaking extractions had 39.7 and 27.3%, respectively. SPE and SE extractions gave oils that had lower values of unsaponifiable matter (0.70; 0.74%) indicating lower amounts of minor components such as tocopherols (233.13; 290.68 µg/g oil), a greater extent of lipid peroxidation parameters; peroxide values (6.25; 3.01 mequiv O₂/kg), para‐anisidine values (10.22; 9.94), totox value (22.72; 15.96), flavour score (?0.25; 2.11), and high acid values (1.23; 1.03 mg KOH/g oil), respectively, compared to SFE and MSE oils. This was attributed to the high processing temperatures of SPE and SE extractions compared to SFE and MSE oils. Refractive indices (1.485–1.487), iodine values (127.97–129.07, Wijs) and density (0.908–0.914 g/cm³) were not affected by extraction method indicating that the oils generally had the same double bond content. Saponification values (182.98–192.95 mg KOH/g oil) and ester values (181.95–192.11), were not affected by extraction method except for SE oil which had lower values that were speculated to be due to co‐extraction with colour pigments.     

高温煅烧氧化铝生产中各参数对产品质量的影响

分析了高温煅烧氧化铝生产中各参数对产品质量的影响，阐述了通过质检指标分析工艺参数的方法，以便更好地指导高温煅烧氧化铝的生产。     

Effect of Operating Parameters on Oil and Phenolic Extraction Using Supercritical CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide was used to extract oil from canola press cake. Different operating conditions, e.g. pressure, temperature, and co-solvent % were investigated to optimize extraction parameters to yield canola meal with <4% oil. The residual oil content in the extracted canola meal reduced to 2.1–2.9% in our experimental trials. Residues of the optimum conditions based on oil yield were compared for the total phenolic content and the main phenolic compounds. Sinapine (the choline ester of sinapic acid) was the major phenolic constituent in both the SFE and n-hexane extracted canola meals and press cakes. n-Hexane extracted residues showed the retention of the highest sinapic acid, sinapine, sinapoyl glucose and total phenolic contents (mg/g) while the SF-extracted residues showed the lowest values for these compounds.     

油茶籽贮藏方法对油脂品质的影响

以小果油茶的油茶籽为研究对象,分析了7种贮藏方法对其及相应的油脂品质的影响。研究了油茶籽鲜果的含水率、出仁率,不同贮藏条件下的鲜果和风干籽的含油率,油脂的酸值、过氧化值、不皂化物含量。结果表明：12个月贮藏期后,不同的贮藏条件对油茶籽的含油率和油菜籽油不皂化物含量没有显著影响;对油菜籽油酸值和过氧化值的影响较为显著。综合考虑油茶籽油酸值、过氧化值两个指标的变化规律,干籽玻璃瓶包装冷冻（-18℃）贮藏法是最适宜贮藏油茶籽的方法,经12个月的贮藏,其油茶籽含油率和茶油不皂化物含量稳定,茶油的酸值和过氧化值均处于较低水平分别为1.46 mg/g和16.60 mmol/kg。