三相多芯柱电力变压器的谐波模型研究

提出了一种基于铁芯拓扑结构的三相多芯柱电力变压器谐波建模的新方法，将三相变压器用一组电路和磁路方程来描述，选用激磁主磁通和磁动势作为联接电路方程和磁路方程的中间变量。将三相变压器的谐波建模问题归结为三相变压器激磁电流的分析和计算，详细阐述了三相三芯柱变压器和五芯柱变压器激磁电流的计算和分析方法。在该模型中用单值磁化曲线来描述变压器铁芯的饱和效应，而涡流、磁滞和杂散损耗用三个等值电阻来模拟的。作者还讨论了建立相坐标下三相变压器谐波模型的基本方法。     

超高压变压器在操作波耐压试验下线圈电压分布的仿究真研

本文阐述了一个计算超高压变压器在操作波耐压试验条件下线圈中电压分布的方法。通过将各绕组线圈分割成单元建立计算等值电路。每一个单元由一条R-L-e串联支路和几条电容支路表示。感应电动势e是由铁心中的主磁通引起的。本文还建立了一个考虑磁滞和涡流效应的磁路模型,推导了广义节点方程和磁路方程。最后,本文给出一台500kV三相自耦有载调压变压器的计算实例并与实测值进行比较,结果表明本文方法可用于改善变压器绝缘设计。     

Analysis of a self‐regulated,self‐excited,brushless three‐phase synchronous generator,which includes the effect of core losses

This paper presents a novel analysis of a self‐regulated, self‐excited, brushless three‐phase synchronous generator, which includes the effect of core losses. The core losses are modeled by equivalent core loss resistances connected to additional windings on the generator's magnetic coupling model. A magnetic circuit is drawn from the magnetic coupling model, and an electrical equivalent circuit of the generator is derived by utilizing a duality between the magnetic and electric circuits. Using this equivalent circuit, the generator's steady‐state performance is theoretically predicted, and the results are verified through experiment. In addition, the power losses during power generation are analyzed quantitatively. The proposed analysis takes into account the nonlinearity of the exciting impedances due to magnetic saturation. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(2): 51–60, 2000     

Implementation of an interleaved pulse‐width modulation converter for renewable energy conversion

This paper presents an interleaved soft switching converter to achieve the features of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for power switches, zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes at full load, less transformer secondary winding with full‐wave diode rectifier topology, and balance primary currents with series connection of the transformer secondary windings. Two circuit modules are adopted in the proposed circuit, and they are operated with an interleaved pulse‐width modulation. Thus, ripple currents at the input and output sides are reduced. In each module, two ZVS converters using the same switches are operated with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary windings of transformers are connected in series in order to ensure that the primary side currents are balanced. The full‐wave diode rectifier topology is used on the output side such that the voltage stress of rectifier diodes equals output voltage, rather than being two times the output voltage as in a conventional center‐tapped rectifier topology. Laboratory experiments with a 1000‐W prototype are provided to describe the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magnetic Circuit Model Considering Magnetic Hysteresis

Quantitative estimation of core loss considering magnetic hysteresis property is strongly required to develop high‐efficient electrical machines. This paper presents a novel magnetic circuit model considering magnetic hysteresis. In the proposed model, dc hysteresis loss is calculated by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation, while classical and anomalous eddy current losses are calculated in the magnetic circuit. It is demonstrated that the hysteresis loop under PWM wave excitation can be expressed by the proposed model. The validity and effectiveness of the method are proved by comparing with measured values.     

谐波电流对27.5kV干式所用变压器负载损耗的影响

基于场路耦合法,建立干式所用变压器的二维结构模型,考虑绕组的集肤效应和涡流效应,对其漏磁场分布及谐波负载损耗进行仿真分析。通过实例分析了谐波电流对干式所用变压器负载损耗的影响。     

基于磁路特征的三相三柱式变压器励磁参数识别

针对励磁参数在变压器保护中的应用,提出了三相三柱式变压器励磁电感参数的识别方法。根据三相三柱式变压的磁路特征建立了反映主磁通感应压降与励磁电流关系的简化数学模型。对于Y/Y接线的变压器,在求得其主磁通感应压降后,根据所建模型可稳定、准确地求取其在非内部故障情况下的励磁参数,所求参数与内部故障相比特征明确。Δ侧环流不是三相三柱式变压器的励磁电流,在用绕组端电压代替主磁通感应压降后,可直接应用于Y/Δ接线变压器,励磁涌流时仍可准确计算其励磁参数,其特征明确,可与差动保护配合,构建励磁涌流识别判据。通过统一电磁等效电路(unified magnefc equivalent circuit,UMEC)仿真模型验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于对偶性原理的三相多芯柱变压器暂态模型

提出了一种基于对偶性原理的三相多芯柱变压器暂态模型；通过分析三相多芯柱变压器磁路模型并应用对偶性原理，建立了考虑电路与磁路耦合的变压器暂态计算模型，采用Jiles-Atherton铁磁磁滞模型来描述铁心模块的饱和以及磁滞效应，而涡流和杂散损耗用一个等值电阻替代，零序磁通用一个线性电感以及反映其涡流损耗的电阻代替；该模型可以计算分析直流偏磁和空载合闸等情况下变压器励磁电流以及铁心磁通等电气参数；算例分析结果与实验结果的对比证明了该模型的准确性。     

A new separate‐identification method of two stator equivalent core‐loss resistances corresponding to hysteresis and eddy‐current losses for parallel‐type mathematical models of AC motors

This paper proposes a new unified method for identifying equivalent stator core‐loss resistance of AC motors, which can be applied to both induction and synchronous motors. In order to realize AC motors that exhibit high performance such as precise torque generation and/or efficient energy transmission, stator core loss cannot be neglected in designing vector control systems. It is common to model stator core loss in magnetic circuits as loss caused by equivalent resistance in electrical circuit. One of the best mathematical models for controlling AC motors with core loss is a kind of parallel‐type model that succeeds in modeling both eddy‐current and hysteresis losses. The newly proposed method succeeds in identifying separately and simultaneously two kinds of equivalent core‐loss resistances on the model corresponding to eddy‐current and hysteresis losses. The practical usefulness of the method is evaluated and confirmed through experiments using two induction motors of 5.5 and 2.0 kW having relatively high core losses and a permanent magnet synchronous motor of 750 W having relatively low core losses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(4): 50–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10152     

Magnetic core model for circuit simulations including losses and hysteresis

This paper presents a magnetic core model that accounts the effects due to nonlinearity, hysteresis and eddy currents. The model is suited to circuit simulation and can be implemented as a subcircuit. To test the proposed implementation the results obtained by simulating a power square wave generator (Royer oscillator) have been compared with measurements on a laboratory prototype. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Complete transformer model for electromagnetic transients

A complete, three phase transformer model for the calculation of electromagnetic transients is presented. The model consists of a set of state equations solved with the trapezoidal rule of integration in order to obtain an equivalent Norton circuit at the transformer terminals. Thus the transformer model can be easily interfaced with an electromagnetic transients program. Its main features are: (a) the basic elements for the winding model are the turns; (b) the complete model includes the losses due to eddy currents in the windings and in the iron core; and (c) the solution of the state equations is obtained in decoupled iterations. For validation, the frequency response of the model is compared with tests on several transformers. Applications to the calculation of transients are given for illustration     

基于电路-磁路耦合的感应型滤波换流变压器仿真与验证

感应型滤波换流变压器是一种利用变压器耦合绕组的安匝平衡作为滤波机理的变压器,为了研究其内部磁通链的耦合关系,建立电路-磁路模型很有必要。以绕组的连接方式为基础,建立了电路和电磁感应模型,以铁芯和绕组的空间几何结构为基础,考虑铁磁材料中的涡流效应,建立了磁路模型。铁芯的非线性磁阻用集总参数模型表示,并用微粒群优化(PSO)算法进行优化,最后以感应型滤波换流变压器的实际设计参数为依据,对感应型滤波换流变压器的滤波绕组接入滤波器前后的一次绕组电流和励磁电流进行了仿真对比。动模实验验证了所建模型的正确性与准确性。所建模型为感应型滤波换流变压器的阻抗设计提供了理论依据,并对正确分析感应型滤波换流变压器的运行性能具有重要意义。     

Ermittlung von Ersatzschaltbildern eines Transformators aus seiner Impedanzmatrix

Übersicht Ein Transformator mit beliebiger Wicklungszahl wird zunächst durch ein lineares Modell beschrieben. Aus der Impedanzmatrix des Modells kann nit netzwerksynthetischen Methoden eine Ersatzschaltung gewonnen werden. Diese Schaltung ist leicht zu erweitern, so daß Wirbelströme im Kern und nichtlineare Magnetisierungskennlinien Berücksichtigung finden. Die Transformator-Nachbildung ist zur Berechnung von langsam verlaufenden Ausgleichsvorgängen geeignet.

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Transformer equivalent circuit derived from the impedance matrix

Contents A transformer withN windings is first described by a linear model. An equivalent circuit can be derived from the impedance matrix of the model using methods of network synthesis. The circuit is modified to include eddy currents in the core and the nonlinearity of the magnetizing branch. The transformer representation can be used in the calculation of slow transients.

     

一种适用于Y/△接线变压器的励磁电感计算方法

现有的励磁电感计算方法需要使用变压器各侧绕组电流,按照典型的电流互感器配置方案,Y/△接线方式变压器△侧绕组电流未知,故不能直接利用现有方法求得励磁电感。提出了一种适用于Y/△接线变压器的励磁电感计算方法,不需要测量绕组电流,直接利用△侧线电流,在分相列写回路方程的基础上,消去绕组环流的影响,计算各相的励磁电感。EMTP仿真验证了该算法的正确性。结果表明,基于该算法得到的励磁电感能准确、有效、灵敏地识别励磁涌流和内部故障状态,在超高压大容量变压器及220 kV以下电力变压器的保护方面具有较好的工程应用前景。     

LLC resonant DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of transformer

This paper proposes a zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) LLC resonant step up DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of the transformer. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (MOSFETs), two resonant capacitors, two resonant inductors, and only one transformer with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. Resonant capacitors and inductors along with the primary windings of the transformer form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with an interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the output voltage. The converter operates within a narrow frequency range below the resonance frequency to achieve ZVS, and its output power is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. The converter has lower conduction and switching losses and therefore higher efficiency. The experimental results of a 500‐W prototype of proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the good operation and performance of the converter. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Multi-winding multi-phase transformer model with saturable core

A model is presented for a multiwinding multiphase transformer developed by the nodal inverse inductance matrix (NIIM). To obtain the NIIM the inverse of the inductance matrix is needed. Due to the strong magnetic coupling among the windings, the inductance matrix of a transformer is ill-conditioned. A new way is described to find the inverse of the inductance matrix for transformers. Core saturation and hysteresis effect are also considered. The model can be used to calculate the transients in the windings, ferroresonance, and inrush currents and to perform steady-state analysis in complicated winding arrangements and network configurations     

500 kV电力变压器直流偏磁耐受性能的仿真研究

为了深入研究500 kV电力变压器的直流偏磁耐受性能,根据J-A磁滞回线理论,基于电路磁路模型建立了500 kV自耦变压器的直流偏磁仿真模型,通过改变J-A模型中的关键参数,仿真研究了矫顽力、剩磁和磁滞损耗等硅钢片磁化特性对500 kV变压器直流偏磁耐受性能的影响。仿真结果表明,变压器直流偏磁时,励磁电流出现畸变,有偶次谐波出现,励磁电流随直流分量的增大呈现不同的增幅。当磁滞回线的矫顽力增大时,励磁电流及其总谐波畸变率随外加直流分量的增幅变小。当剩磁和磁滞损耗增大时,励磁电流及其总谐波畸变率随外加直流分量的增幅加剧。研究结果可为大型变压器直流偏磁耐受能力评估及直流偏磁抑制措施提供理论依据和新思路,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于瞬时励磁电感频率特性判别变压器励磁涌流

基于变压器瞬时励磁电感基频分量的有无，提出了判别励磁涌流与内部故障的新方法。涌流时变压器铁心必然经历饱和与非饱和过程，瞬时励磁电感是时变、交替变化的，具有较大的基频分量；内部故障时，变压器铁心工作于线性区，瞬时励磁电感恒为常数，无基频分量。据此，可实现励磁涌流与内部故障的有效判别。但瞬时励磁电感很难精确求取，为方便计算，提出了等效瞬时电感的概念，论证了其基频特性的等效性。动模实验有力地证实了所提方法的可靠性与安全性。