熔体缓冷制备Pb9.6SbmTe3Se7合金及其热电性能

采用真空封管熔炼缓冷和热压法制备Pb9.6SbmTe3Se7合金样品(m=0.15,0.2,0.25,0.267,0.3,0.35,0.4),研究Sb的掺杂量对热电性能的影响。结果显示,除m=0.4的样品由于Sb含量过多呈金属特性外,随着Sb含量的增加,载流子迁移率降低,电导率减小,热导率呈减小趋势,且都明显低于PbTe的热导率。HRTEM显示样品中广泛存在着不同形貌的纳米微区,增加了声子散射,有效降低热导,提高热电优值。其中Pb9.6Sb0.3Te3Se7样品在677K时ZT达到的1.14,与目前可复现的n型掺杂PbTe基材料的最大ZT值相比,增长近50%。     

(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-（Mg2Sn）0.6固溶体合金的制备及热电输运特性

以Mg、Si、Sn、Sb块体为原料,采用熔炼结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了n型(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6(0≤x≤0.0625)系列固溶体合金.结构及热电输运特性分析结果表明:当Mg原料过量8wt%时,可以弥补熔炼过程中Mg的挥发损失,形成单相(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6固溶体.烧结样品的晶胞随Sb掺杂量的增加而增大;电阻率随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大,当样品中Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时,样品电阻率呈现出半导体输运特性,Sb掺杂量x>0.025时,样品电阻率呈现为金属输运特性.Seebeck系数的绝对值随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大;热导率κ在Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时比未掺杂Sb样品的热导率低,在Sb掺杂量x>0.025时高于未掺杂样品的热导率,但所有样品的晶格热导率明显低于未掺杂样品的晶格热导率.实验结果表明Sb的掺杂有利于降低晶格热导率和电阻率,提高中温区Seebeck系数绝对值;其中(Mg2Si0.95Sb0.05)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6合金具有最大ZT值,并在723 K附近取得最大值约为1.22.     

Ag、La双掺杂对Ca3Co4O9热电性能的影响

采用固相反应法,在常压空气中烧结制备出了(Ca1-x-yAgxLay)3Co4O9(x=0、0.1,y=0;x=0.1,y=0.02、0.04、0.06)系列块体样品;通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对样品的物相组成和微观结构进行了表征;研究了Ag、La双掺杂对样品热电性能参数Seebeck系数、电阻率和热导率的影响。结果表明,双掺杂可以进一步提高材料热电性能,且掺杂浓度的选择对热电性能有较大的影响;在873K时,x=0.1,y=0.02样品的ZT值最大。     

Sn掺杂对Ca_2Si基半导体材料热电性能的影响

采用钽管封装熔炼和热压烧结技术制备了Ca_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06)热电材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的物相结构进行了表征,XRD结果表明,Ca_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x块体材料的XRD图谱与Ca_2Si的XRD图谱对应一致,但所有样品中都出现Ca_5Si_3衍射峰。当掺杂量Sn为0.06时,样品Ca_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(x=0.06)的XRD图谱中还出现了CaSn3相。在室温下测试了样品的霍尔系数,在300~873K温度范围内研究了Sn掺杂对Ca_2Si电导率和Seebeck系数的影响,随着Sn掺杂浓度的增加,电导率逐渐增大,Seebeck系数则减小。分析了Sn掺杂对Ca_2Si晶格热导率和热导率的影响,Sn掺杂浓度为x=0.02和x=0.04时,晶格热导率减小,从而对热导率有所优化,其中Ca_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(x=0.02)的热导率得到明显地改善,在300~873K温度范围内,其热导率都低于Ca_2Si的热导率。在550~873K温度范围内,Ca_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(x=0.02)表现了较高的ZT值,873K时的最大ZT值为0.22。     

p型YyFexCo4-xSb12化合物的热电性能

以3^ 价的Y作为填充原子,在y=0～0．4的组成范围内,合成了填充式方钴矿化舍物YyFexCo4-xSb12,系统研究了Y填充分数对p型YyFexCO4-xSb12化合物电性能和热性能的影响。所有样品均显示为P型传导,随着Y填充分数的增加,方钴矿化合物的电导率下降;塞贝克系数随着温度的升高和Y填充分数的增加而增大,同时峰值朝低温方向移动。晶格热导率随Y填充分数的增加先减小后增加,在一定填充分数y时达到最小值。填充在Sb的20面体空洞中的Ba、Ce、Y原子能显著降低其晶格热导率,且晶格热导率降低幅度按Ba、Ce、Y离子半径减小的顺序增大。无量纲热电性能指数ZT随温度的升高而增大,组成为Y0.8Fe0.7Co3.3Sb12的填充式方钴矿化合物在750K时其最大无量纲热电性能指数ZT达0．7。     

Ag_2Te掺杂对p型Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_3块状合金热电性能的影响

采用真空熔炼、机械球磨及放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备得到了(Ag2Te)x(Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3)1-x(x=0,0.025,0.05,0.1)系列样品,性能测试表明,Ag2Te的掺入可以显著改变材料的热电性能变化趋势,掺杂样品在温度为450~550K范围内具有较未掺杂样品更优的热电性能.适当量的Ag2Te掺入能够有效地提高材料的声子散射,降低材料的热导率.在测试温度范围内,(Ag2Te)0.05(Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3)0.95具有最低的晶格热导,室温至575K范围内保持在0.2~0.3W/(m·K)之间,在575K时,(Ag2Te)0.05(Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3)0.95试样具有最大热电优值ZT=0.84,相较于未掺杂样品提高了约20%.     

熵工程提高(GeTe)x(AgSb0.5Bi0.5Te2)1-x的热电性能和显微硬度(英文)

作为一种材料基因特性的内禀属性,构型熵是材料基因组中一个新兴的指征因子.设计具有高构型熵的多组元热电材料,可以通过严重的晶格畸变显著降低晶格热导率,并通过提高晶体对称性改善塞贝克系数.然而,高构型熵也造成了载流子迁移率的恶化,从而限制了zT值的改善.本文通过在众所周知的(GeTe)_1-x(AgSbTe₂)_x,即TAGS合金中用Bi取代一半的Sb,设计了(GeTe)_1-x(AgSb_0.5Bi_0.5Te₂)_x,又称TABGS合金,以证明熵工程的有效性.鉴于TAGS合金的载流子平均自由程较低,已接近Mott-Ioffe-Regel极限,进一步的Bi置换和构型熵增加不会再损害载流子迁移率.此外,通过高构型熵抑制菱方-立方相变和降低的载流子浓度有助于大幅提高Seebeck系数.而且, AgSb_0.5Bi_0.5Te₂合金化诱导的多尺度微观结构和减小的声速有效地...     

NaxCo2O4基复合材料的制备及其热电性能

采用固相反应法制备出NaxCo2O4(x=0.9,1.1,1.3)多晶氧化物,采用水热法制备出(Bi0.1Sb0.9)2Te3单相粉末材料,再用球磨法将二者均匀混合获得了复合材料(Bi0.1Sb0.9)2Te3/NaxCo2O4。在5～300K的温度范围内,利用综合物性测试系统(PPMS)对热压复合材料的热电性能进行测量与评价。实验结果表明复合材料的热导率显著降低,同时电导率增大,与NaxCo2O4相比,复合材料的热电性能获得了显著提高。在室温下,复合材料的热电优值ZT约为3.5×10-4。热电性能的改善源于复合材料界面的声子散射的增强。     

纳米AlN分散的Bi_(85)Sb_(15)低温热电性能研究

利用机械合金(MA)和放电等离子(SPS)烧结方法,制备出Bi85Sb15/x mol%AlN(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)块体材料。在77—300 K温区内,测试了块体材料的电导率、Seebeck系数、霍尔系数和热导率,并由此计算出材料的zT值。结果表明:纳米AlN分散的Bi85Sb15材料,随着AlN含量的增加,样品的迁移率升高,从而明显提高材料的电导率,但Seebeck系数绝对值呈减小趋势。适量的纳米AlN的引入可以形成散射中心,增加对声子的散射作用,降低热导率。当基体Bi85Sb15中加入0.1mol%AlN时,其zT值在250 K取得最大值~0.32,比基体在此温度下的zT值提高了45%。     

高填充量BaxEuyCo4Sb12方钴矿热电性能研究（英文）

利用熔融法和等离子放电烧结(SPS)制备单相双原子填充BaxEuyCo4Sb12方钴矿材料并测试其高温热电性能。实验发现,在高填充量下(x+y>40%),材料在高温时具有高的功率因子(>60 W/(cm K2))。在方钴矿的晶格空洞中同时引入Ba和Eu两种填充原子,能增强晶格声子散射,从而大幅降低方钴矿的晶格热导。实验证实,BaxEuyCo4Sb12体系的晶格热导显著降低,其室温晶格热导最低达1.7 W/(m K)。与此对应的是双原子填充BaxEuyCo4Sb12方钴矿材料的热电优值(ZT值)明显增大,其中Ba0.19Eu0.23Co4Sb12的ZT值在850 K时达到了1.3。     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

非晶态半导体 As_(24)Se_(76)、As_(40)Se_(60)和 As_(50)Se_(50)的光量子效率研究

光量子效率是非晶态光电导材料的一个重要参数。本文利用静电放电的方法,探讨和研究了 As—Se 系统非晶态半导体材料的光量子效率与电场和组份的关系,得出的结果与 Onsager 理论描述的相一致。由分析而得到了等剂量组份、富 As 和富 Se 系统光量子效率的变化趋势。     

An SANS Study of Decomposition Kinetics in Amorphous Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Be_(22.5)

Phase decomposition in amorphous Cu12.5Ni10Zr411Ti14Be22.5 alloy as annealed in the super-cooled liquid range was studied by applying small angle neutron scattering (SANS). As annealed between 600 K and 700 K, the alloy was observed to decompose into two new amorphous phases,with the second phase precipitates embedded in the matrix of the first. Long time annealing of the alloy results in crystallization in addition to evolution of the decomposed microstructure.The kinetic diagram of the decomposition and crystallization for this alloy is given. The second phase precipitates have several nanometers in size and occupy a quite low volume fraction. The decomposition of the supercooled liquid in overall temperature range exhibits the features of spinodal reaction.     

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and aftercrystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) andCu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con-tact potential difference method in the secondaryelectron field at room temperature under 10~(-5) Pavacuum.The results show that the work functionsof both glassy alloys are higher than those of thecorresponding crystalline alloys.