一种基于单相链状电路的不对称补偿器

提出了一种由多个单相电压源型逆变器串联组成链状电路的补偿器来补偿系统由于不对称负荷产生的负序、零序分量,并调整负荷母线的电压。该补偿器可根据系统的情况接成三角形和星形,使共分别适用于系统不同的补偿要求。此外,该补偿器具有响应速度快、谐波性能好、损耗低等优点。数学推导和仿真分析验证了其正确性。     

动态无功补偿器的负序分量和特征谐波补偿算法

从能量保持恒定的角度采用直流侧电压控制方法对三相动态无功补偿器进行设计,在三相负荷不对称的情况下。提取三相不对称负荷的基波负序分量,对动态无功补偿器的算法进行了负序分量补偿。同时,通过对稳定谐波源进行谐波分析,提取其特征谐波进行补偿,可以起到补偿无功和谐波的作用。仿真结果表明在不对称谐波源情况下。叠加负序分量补偿后的三相系统电流完全对称,并可滤除负荷特征谐波含量。采用上述算法的动态无功补偿器可以通过对负荷的分析,根据负荷及实际的装置进行控制策略调整。具有较大的工程实际意义。     

基于瞬时对称分量法的三相四线制D-STATCOM控制研究

配电网中三相负载不对称,会导致三相电流电压不对称。基于瞬时对称分量法对三相电压和电流量进行分解,提出了一种新的正序、负序和零序电流直接控制方法,应用于三相四线制配电网并联型D-STATCOM(配电网静止同步无功发生器)。正序电流控制使D-STATCOM发出电网中需要补偿的无功电流和谐波电流;负序、零序电流由abc坐标系转换到dq0同步旋转坐标系与期望值0做差进行控制,用以补偿三相负荷不平衡。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法可以使D-STATCOM有效补偿配电网三相负荷不平衡,提高配电网功率因数,同时消除非线性负荷引起的电流畸变。     

一种用于不对称配电系统的新型动态电压恢复器

配电系统三相电压的不对称会对用户造成一系列不利影响。为此提出了一种适用于不对称配电系统的新型动态电压恢复器。该动态电压恢复器由一传统的三相电压型逆变器的一射极跟随器组成,其中,三相电压型逆变器用于消除供电电压中负序分量对负荷的影响,并将负荷电压恢复到给定的水平;射极限随器用于消除供电电压中零序分量对负荷的影响,理论分析和数字仿真验证了其思想的正确性。     

无功和三相负荷不平衡的序分量法补偿控制

将静止同步补偿器(Static Synchronous Compensator,STATCOM)并入电网来补偿无功功率和配电网三相负荷不平衡。通过对称分量法和叠加原理,对配电网三相负荷不平衡情况下正序、负序等效电路进行分析,提出一种新的正、负序补偿电流叠加补偿控制方法。正序控制环采用δ-θ控制,实现配电网无功功率补偿和保持STATCOM直流侧电压稳定;负序控制环采用φ-θ控制,实现STATCOM补偿三相负荷不平衡产生的负序电流,使电网侧三相负荷保持平衡。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地补偿电网无功功率和三相负荷不平衡。     

基于负序补偿微源逆变器带不平衡负载研究

三相四线制微源逆变器在不平衡系统中具有独特优势,因此可作为微电网中变流器拓扑。为了改善微电网系统离网运行工况下带不平衡负载时的供电质量,提出一种改进负序控制方法。基于对称分量法和叠加原理对三相微源逆变器在不平衡负载下产生三相输出电压不对称的机理进行系统分析,得到了输出电压正序、负序、零序分量不同的补偿特性。设计了一个简单可行的同步正/负序参考系控制器,有效地补偿了不平衡负载引起的微源逆变器输出电压畸变,保证了微源逆变器在不平衡负载下能维持三相平衡输出电压。最后通过仿真和实验验证了理论分析和所提控制方法的正确性。     

动态无功补偿器的负序分量和特征谐波补偿算法

从能量保持恒定的角度,采用直流侧电压控制方法,对三相动态无功补偿器进行设计。抑制通过对稳定谐波源进行谐波分析,提取其特征谐波进行补偿,可以起到补偿无功和谐波的作用。仿真结果表明,在不对称谐波源情况下,叠加负序分量补偿后的三相系统电流完全对称,并可滤除负荷特征谐波含量。采用上述算法的动态无功补偿器可以通过对负荷的分析,根据负荷及实际的装置进行控制策略调整,具有较大的工程实际意义。     

基于序分量法的D-STATCOM直接功率控制策略研究

将基于序分量法的P-DPC引入到配电网静止同步补偿器(D-STATCOM)的控制研究中,来解决传统预测直接功率控制策略只可控制补偿负荷无功功率的问题。将电网电压不对称因素考虑在内,利用瞬时对称分量法对各个采集电气量进行序分解,构建正、负序等效电路。无功和三相不平衡负荷补偿时,根据序网络等效电路分别推得正、负序功率预测模型。基于正序功率预测模型的P-DPC算法控制D-STATCOM补偿负荷无功,而基于负序功率预测模型的D-DPC算法控制补偿负荷所需负序电流。两种算法相互牵制,严格控制了D-STATCOM的输出电流,消除了装置在电网电压不对称时可能产生的过流威胁,实现了负荷无功和平衡化补偿。仿真结果表明,不论电网电压对称与否,该控制策略都能良好地补偿负荷的无功和负序电流,确保电源侧三相电流平衡且单位功率因数运行。     

三相电压幅值的不对称量的分析计算方法

三相电源电压的正序、负序和零序分量值可通过数学分析计算得到,也可用专用仪器直接测出,对于三相三线制供电系统,在没有专用仪器的情况下,采用制图法求得正序和负序分量是唯一的方法,本文提供的三相电压幅值的不对称量分析计算程序将使三相电源电压的正序、负序和零序分量值的测试工作变的十分简便易行。     

四桥臂逆变器控制方法的研究

提出一种基于瞬时对称分量法的四桥臂逆变器控制方法,该逆变器在带三相不平衡负载的情况下,可提供三相平衡电压。瞬时分量法可将三相电压和电流分解为瞬时的正序、负序和零序分量,并在各自的参考系中转变为直流信号,再分别加以PI控制。这里介绍了控制器设计的详细推导过程和软件实现。最后,给出基于TMS320F2812控制的实验结果,验证了该方案的正确性和可行性。     

The theory of instantaneous power in three‐phase four‐wire systems and its applications

This paper discusses “the p–q theory” and “the cross‐vector theory” in three‐phase four‐wire systems, with the focus on similarities and differences between the two theories. They are perfectly identical if no zero‐sequence voltage is included in a three‐phase three‐wire system. However, they are different in definition of the instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power in each phase if a zero‐sequence voltage or current is included in a three‐phase four‐wire system. Based on both theory and computer simulation, this paper leads to the following conclusions: An instantaneous reactive‐power compensator without energy storage components can fully compensate for the neutral current even in a three‐phase four‐wire system including a zero‐sequence voltage or current, when a proposed control strategy based on the p–q theory is applied: However, the compensator cannot compensate for the neutral current fully, when a conventional control strategy based on the cross‐vector theory is applied. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(3): 74–86, 2001     

负载不平衡下D-STATCOM控制策略的仿真研究

通过分析建立配电网静止同步补偿器(D-STATCOM)在负载不平衡时各序等效电路中的数学模型,提出了将反馈线性化同时应用于正序、负序模型的控制策略。针对三相三线制下负载不平衡时电流可分解为正、负序分量的特点,分别在正、负序同步旋转坐标下进行补偿。其中,正序控制使装置发出负载需要的无功电流,提高功率因数;负序控制用于补偿由于负载不平衡出现的负序电流,从而使电网侧电流平衡达到国标要求。最后在PSCAD中搭建了10 Mvar/10 kV D-STATCOM系统进行仿真验证,证明了该控制策略补偿负载不平衡的同时能发出满足要求的无功功率,并且在电网侧出现超过国标的不平衡时仍能达到较理想的效果,显示出此控制策略的有效性。     

New control approach for capacitor supported DSTATCOM in three-phase four wire distribution system under non-ideal supply voltage conditions based on synchronous reference frame theory

A large number of single-phase linear and non-linear loads may be supplied from three phase ac mains with neutral conductor. They cause excessive neutral current, harmonics and reactive power burden and unbalance. A four wire DSTATCOM (distribution static compensator) is used for neutral current compensation along with reactive power compensation, harmonics elimination and load balancing. A novel control approach is proposed for the control of four wire DSTATCOM under non-ideal supply voltage conditions. A four-leg voltage-source converter (VSC) with a dc capacitor is used as a four wire DSTATCOM. The proposed control approach is based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory and an indirect current control technique. The switching signals for the voltage-source converter (VSC) of the DSTATCOM are derived from the estimated reference supply currents. The load balancing, harmonics elimination and the neutral current compensation are demonstrated along with unity power factor (UPF) and zero voltage regulation (ZVR) modes of operation. Simulation results based on MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes are presented to validate the control strategy. The DSTATCOM is able to maintain the self-supported dc bus under various disturbances.     

Distribution system compensation using a new binary multilevelvoltage source inverter

A new binary multilevel voltage source inverter with separate DC sources is proposed. This n-level voltage source inverter produces a (2 ⁿ⁺¹-1)-steps AC voltage output with n full bridge inverters connected in series. The use of selective harmonic elimination modulation technique to either completely eliminate or minimize harmonics is studied. A closed-loop controller to control the capacitor voltages and adjust the inverter reactive power output is developed. Application of such a compensator for dynamic compensation of 13.8 kV distribution system is examined through transient studies using a PSCAD/EMTDC program. The proposed inverter configuration not only reduces the system complexity and its size, but also improves the harmonic profile significantly     

接地故障零序方向元件拒动保护改进方案

对于大电源长线路的输电系统,当线路末端发生接地故障时,虽然零序电流达到定值,零(负)序方向元件由于零(负)序电压可能达不到方向元件的门槛值,造成保护拒动.针对这类问题,提出了2种解决方案:一种是当零(负)序方向元件由于零(负)序电压可能达不到方向元件的门槛时,以正序电压代替零(负)序电压作为零序电流方向判别;另一种是采用无方向零序电流反时限过流保护作为接地故障后备保护,并提出了新的电流互感器断线方案,解决了国内保护装置电流互感器断线与反时限零序后备存在的矛盾.     

电网负序和无功综合补偿的检测与控制

针对三相三线制电力系统的负序和无功的综合补偿问题,介绍了电网电压、电流的检测方法和静止无功发生装置的控制方法。本系统采用TI公司的TMS320L2407A DSP芯片对电网电压、电流进行快速、准确的检测,计算出补偿电网所需的理想补偿电纳,以此为依据对静止无功发生装置进行实时的控制。     

新型动态无功补偿装置在牵引变电所应用

针对牵引变电所固定的并联电容补偿装置不能动态地补偿牵引负荷随机波动的感性无功缺陷,提出了一种新型动态无功补偿装置设计,即通过调节降压变压器低压侧的母线电压,使无功补偿装置的补偿容量随负荷动态变化,在反送正计的无功功率计量方式下,使牵引变电所的无功功率电度最小,平均功率因数高于0.9。进而提出了3次固定滤波器(FIX3) 3次可调滤波器(TC3 TL3)补偿方案,配置最佳补偿支路参数,以期达到无功、负序、谐波综合治理的目的。通过分析其技术指标和经济性能,验证了该方案的有效性。     

Management of reactive power sharing & power quality improvement with SRF-PAC based UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition

This paper is proposed to establish a new control algorithm for UPQC (unified power quality conditioner) to improve power quality and manage effectively equal reactive power sharing between shunt and series inverter of UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition. The extraction of instantaneous power angle for reactive power sharing faces difficulty with unbalanced source voltage condition. This paper presents a new SRF (synchronous reference frame) based PAC (power angle control) method using decoupled load current parameters for efficient utilization and coordination of UPQC inverters. The proposed controller contributes in improvement of source current and load voltage harmonic profile, provides efficient way of load reactive power compensation and load voltage compensation for sag, swell and unbalanced condition. Effect of source voltage variations in the form of sag, swell or unbalancing on variable power angle estimation and reactive power calculations are also validated through a mathematical analysis. SRF based PAC control approach and PAC based UVT (unit vector template) control approach is adapted for estimating the reference signals of shunt and series inverter respectively and thus reducing the need of extra computation. The simulation and experimental analysis is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software package for computer simulation and a dSPACE based experimental setup for real time verifications.     

A New Static Var Compensator for an Arc Furnace

This paper presents the design of an electronic compensator that can compensate the reactive current drawn by an arc furnace. Consisting of three independent single-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverters, the proposed compensator responds quickly to any sudden load changes and compensates both the fundamental displacement current and the harmonic distortion current drawn by the load. Unlike conventional static var compensators, the electronic compensator can also supply the active current demanded by the load if an energy source independent of the utility is available. Simulations are conducted, including the modelling of the furnace current and voltage waveforms during the early stage of scrap melting, in order to determine the effectiveness of several suggested detection methods that can be used to separate the active and reactive components of the furnace current. Actual waveforms observed on a local furnace are included that corroborate the computer modelling. Experimental results indicate that the electronic compensator equipped with a suitable detection circuit can accurately compensate an arc furnace.