牵引电机用双马改性环氧酸酐浸渍漆固化动力学研究

以二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺改性环氧酸酐浸渍漆体系,由动态DCS不同升温速率下跟踪体系固化反应过程,求得固化工艺参数:凝胶温度为149.53℃,固化温度为161.71℃,后处理温度为178.68℃。利用Kissinger和Crane方程对该固化反应进行了动力学分析,计算了固化动力学参数,固化反应表观活化能Eα=15.20k J/mol,反应级数n=0.83864。同时通过TG热失重分析测试双马树脂改性体系耐热指数为165.7℃。     

改性环氧树脂体系固化动力学及实际固化工艺的研究

主要采用差示扫描量热分析法研究了一种改性环氧树脂基体的固化反应动力学.利用Kissinger-Ozawa方程进行数据处理,获得其固化反应动力学参数,建立了该改性树脂的固化动力学模型.研究结果表明:该固化体系的表观活化能AE=150.56 kJ/mol,反应能级n ≈ 0.95,固化参考温度在177℃左右,并根据此参数研...     

大型风机叶片用环氧树脂固化动力学研究

本文对目前国内大型风机叶片生产中使用量较大的树脂体系固化反应动力学进行了研究,根据不同升温速率下的非等温DSC曲线,依照Kissinger方程和Crane方程,分别计算了反应活化能和反应级数、指前因子。计算结果显示,RIM135/RIM137H树脂体系的表观活化能是51.48 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.886 3。同时,给出了该树脂体系的固化参考工艺温度和固化动力学模型。     

5405双马来酰亚胺树脂动态固化反应动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法对5405 BMI树脂的固化反应动力学进行研究。利用Kissinger方程和Crane方程分别得出不同升温速率下的非等温固化反应表观活化能(Ea)63.438 k J/mol,表观频率因子(A)2.25×104 S-1及反应级数(n)0.844。以自催化反应动力学模型为基础,建立了5405 BM I树脂的动态固化反应动力学方程。同时采用反应温度-升温速率外推法,获得了5405 BMI树脂的固化反应特征温度,凝胶化温度(Tgel.)153.2℃,固化温度(Tcur.)195.8℃,后处理温度(Ttre.)258.2℃。为优化树脂在实际应用中的固化工艺提供了一定的理论参考数据。     

端羟基聚丁二烯改性氰酸酯体系固化反应动力学

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy)体系的固化反应动力学,根据Arrhenius方程对固化过程动力学参数进行了求解,建立了固化反应动力学模型。结果表明,随着HTPB含量的增大,动态DSC固化反应放热峰向低温方向移动,说明HTPB可以催化固化反应并降低体系的反应温度。纯BADCy和BADCy/15%HTPB体系等温固化符合自催化反应模型。纯BADCy体系以及BADCy/15%HTPB体系的表观反应活化能分别为59.67 kJ/mol、56.91 kJ/mol。     

动态DSC法研究BMI改性酚醛树脂固化反应动力学

采用非等温DSC(差示扫描量热)法研究BMI(双马来酰亚胺)改性PF(酚醛树脂)体系的固化动力学,借助升温速率-温度(β-T)外推法和红外光谱(FT-IR)跟踪固化反应过程,确定了BAN(BMI改性PF)体系的固化工艺和固化动力学参数。结果表明:BAN的固化工艺为"120℃/2 h→140℃/2 h→160℃/2 h→180℃/2 h",后处理工艺为220℃/3 h,BAN固化体系的动力学参数是表观活化能Ea=123.4 kJ/mol、频率因子A=1.96×1012s-1和反应级数n=1.05;根据n级动力学反应模型求解出该树脂的反应动力学方程,其计算值与试验值基本吻合,说明该模型能较好描述BAN的固化反应过程。     

基于高比例尿素改性PF树脂的固化特性及动力学研究

为探讨高比例尿素改性PF(酚醛树脂)的固化特性,采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)方法,对不同升温速率条件下树脂的固化过程、特征放热峰温度等进行了检测分析;通过Kissinger和Ozawa方法,计算了固化反应表观活化能,建立了固化反应动力学模型。研究结果表明:高比例尿素改性PF树脂的固化反应活化能较低,反应易于进行,固化温度为131.3℃,较普通PF树脂降低了近20℃。     

氧化木薯淀粉改性MUF树脂的性能与固化特征

通过在三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)合成反应的不同阶段添加氧化木薯淀粉,制备得到了不同系列树脂,分别为MUF0、MUF1和MUF2,并对其基本性能及粘接强度进行了测试和分析。为了进一步了解氧化木薯淀粉对MUF树脂固化反应的影响,借助差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)对树脂在不同升温速率条件下的固化特征参数及固化行为进行了表征。结果表明,在合成反应不同阶段加入氧化木薯淀粉,可有效提升树脂的粘接性能并降低树脂中的游离甲醛含量,特别是在树脂合成反应的第3阶段进行添加,效果更为显著。利用Kissinger方程对不同树脂的固化动力学参数进行分析,得到了树脂固化反应的表观活化能E a,表观频率因子A和反应级数n,并建立了固化反应动力学模型。在本试验条件下,树脂经过氧化木薯淀粉改性后,虽然固化所需活化能有不同程度的提高,但可形成更高的粘接强度。     

酚醛型环氧树脂改性氰酸酯共聚物固化反应动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对酚醛型环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的固化反应动力学进行了研究,用Kissin-ger方程计算出树脂的表观活化能,其计算值为60.81kg/mol,用Crane定理求得反应级数为0.8846.用外推法求得树脂体系的起始固化温度为120.00℃,峰顶固化温度为176.67℃,终止固化温度为226.67℃.由树脂的DSC和流变分析得到了合理的固化工艺,玻璃纤维织物/改性氰酸酯复合材料具有良好的力学性能.     

PUF树脂的固化动力学研究

为了使PUF树脂得到有效应用,采用傅立叶红外光谱和DSC热分析技术,对PUF树脂进行固化动力学研究。研究表明,合成的PUF共缩聚树脂,主要是通过羟甲基键进行固化反应;结合Kissingger方程和Ozawa方程及不同物质的量比PUF树脂DSC曲线,显示随着F／（P＋U）物质的量比的提高,固化的表观活化能逐渐减小。得出了不同物质的量比的PUF共聚树脂固化反应动力学模型。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。