海产品中副溶血弧菌的分离和PCR检测

为了建立一种快速、特异的PCR方法检测副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vp),根据Genebank库中收录的Vp的tlh基因序列进行引物设计,应用PCR技术扩增tlh基因。利用TCBS和TSI2种选择性培养基从海产品总分离出68株疑似副溶血弧菌,经生化鉴定68株均为副溶血弧菌。用Chelex100法提取基因组DNA,进行tlh基因的PCR检测,tlh基因在不同副溶血弧菌中都广泛存在,而大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌等其他食源性致病菌均为阴性。tlh基因具有种属特异性,因此可以用来检测副溶血弧菌。     

Increased sensitivity in PCR detection of tdh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood with purified template DNA

PCR is an important method for the detection of thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh)-positive (pathogenic hemolysin-producing) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood because tdh-negative (nonpathogenic) V. parahaemolyticus strains often contaminate seafood and interfere with the direct isolation of tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, the use of PCR to detect the tdh gene of V. parahaemolyticus in various seafoods artificially contaminated with tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus was examined. PCR was inhibited by substances in oysters, squid, mackerel, and yellowtail but not by cod, sea bream, scallop, short-necked clam, and shrimp. To improve detection, DNA was purified by either the silica membrane method, the glass fiber method, or the magnetic separation method, and the purified DNA was used as the PCR primer template. For all samples, the use of the silica membrane method and the glass fiber method increased detection sensitivity. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of properly purified template DNA for PCR markedly increases the effectiveness of the method in detecting pathogenic tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus in contaminated seafood.     

同时检测海产品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的合检方法评价研究

目的建立水产品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌合检方法,并对合检方法对比进行评价。方法利用副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌阳性菌株,制备纯菌液、不同浓度梯度的人工污染样品。通过对30份纯菌液、30份人工污染样品和250份实际样品的检测,将建立的合检方法与行业标准(SN/T 1022-2010进出口食品中霍乱弧菌检验方法和SN/T 0173-2010进出口食品中副溶血性弧菌检验方法)进行比较,对合检方法进行效果评价。结果实验结果表明副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌合检方法,与行业标准检测结果完全一致。结论该方法可靠,对实验仪器和操作人员的要求低,具有良好的实用性,适合基础检测实验室。     

副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌的双重PCR检测技术

主要针对副溶血性弧菌(Vp BJ1997)和溶藻弧菌(Va ATCC17749)的gyrB基因的不同位点设计特异性引物,利用双重PCR技术同时检测Vp(BJ1997)和Va(ATCC17749),并对该反应体系的特异性以及灵敏度进行检测。结果显示Vp(BJ1997)灵敏度的检测下限可达2×10~2CFU/mL,Va(ATCC17749)灵敏度的检测下限可达2.03×10~2CFU/mL,双重PCR与单一PCR检测的灵敏度的数量级是相同的;与沙门氏菌(ATCC27892)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC13565)、大肠杆菌(35218)、河弧菌(H265)、鳗弧菌(M936)、创伤弧菌(ATCC27562)无交叉反应;在人工污染试验中,混合菌液的检测下限2.84×10~3CFU/mL,而进一步稀释至2.84×10~2CFU/mL时,Vp(BJ1997)已检测不出,Va(ATCC17749)仍可检出。研究表明,该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,操作简单,成本低,检测速度快,为基层单位同时检测副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌提供了一种快速准确的方法,对控制水产品中这两种致病性弧菌具有重大的意义。     

食品中副溶血性弧菌PCR快速检测方法的研究

为建立食品中副溶血性弧菌 (VP)的PCR检测方法 ,选取tl基因作为靶序列设计一对引物 ,用该引物对 14株从国内食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌 (经传统方法验证 )和 30株非副溶血性弧菌进行PCR扩增 ,并用此方法对人工污染食品进行检测。扩增片段表现出极好的特异性 ,对人工污染的冷冻虾仁、沙丁鱼的检出限为 10CFU g ,且与传统方法结果吻合。该方法适宜于食品中副溶血性弧菌的检测。     

Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and simple detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in naturally contaminated seafood samples

We investigated the efficacy of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid screening of seafood samples naturally contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A total of 171 seafood samples enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) were assessed by LAMP assay and conventional culture methods, which consist of a combination of APW enrichment culture and plating onto CHROMagar Vibrio and TCBS agars. Compared with V. parahaemolyticus isolation using the conventional culture test, LAMP results showed 100% (30/30) and 90.8% (128/141) sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The conventional culture test required more than 3 days to isolate and identify V. parahaemolyticus in the APW enrichment culture. In contrast, the LAMP assay was markedly faster, requiring less than 60 min from the beginning of DNA extraction to final detection of V. parahaemolyticus. In total, the LAMP assay required 17-19 h from the beginning of enrichment culture to final determination. This is the first report of the LAMP assay for rapid screening of seafood samples naturally contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus.     

DNase处理法结合数字PCR与qPCR对活的非可培养状态副溶血性弧菌检测比较研究

目的探讨DNase处理法结合微滴化数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)在检测冷冻食品中活的非可培养状态(viable but non-culturable state, VBNC)副溶血性弧菌的适用性,并与实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)进行比较。方法用无菌磷酸盐缓冲液对解冻的大西洋鲑鱼样品进行10倍梯度稀释,再加入副溶血性弧菌,终浓度为6.6×10~5 CFU/mL。-20℃分别诱导10、20和30 d。将DNase试剂与叠氮溴化丙锭(propidium monoazide,PMA)染料分别作用于不同时期的冷冻基质,结合qPCR和ddPCR进行比较检测,对比其作用效果。结果DNase-qPCR和PMA-qPCR检测3个冷冻阶段活性副溶血性弧菌的Cq值分别为31.41±0.06、32.40±0.04、34.59±0.15和31.24±0.06、32.32±0.03、34.25±0.12, 2种方法Cq值均呈现上升的趋势且数值接近。采用DNase-ddPCR和PMA-ddPCR检测各阶段活性副溶血性弧菌,可直接读出绝对拷贝数,分别为233±6.43、108±5.57、28±3.21和256±6.56、126±3.06、35±2.52。2种方法检测的拷贝数差异不大,重复性好。相对标准偏差均在可接受范围内,符合欧盟定量检测要求。结论DNase处理试剂与PMA对有活性的副溶血性弧菌检测效果相当,与PMA相比,DNase处理法无需强光照射,操作简便快捷,无试剂毒性。ddPCR不需要标准品即能实现对基质中微量活性副溶血弧菌精准定量检测。     

海产品中副溶血弧菌的LAMP-HNB快速检测技术

采用环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)并结合指示剂-羟基萘酚蓝(hydroxy naphthol blue,HNB)的应用,即LAMP-HNB快速检测海产品中副溶血弧菌的新方法进行了研究。首先,针对副溶血弧菌tlh基因设计特异性引物,并在反应体系中加入1μL HNB(反应浓度150μmol/L)作为反应指示剂,根据反应体系颜色变化判断反应结果,并同时将产物进行凝胶电泳验证结果,通过PCR平行实验对比,实证LAMPHNB法的反应灵敏度和特异性。结果表明,LAMP-HNB新法与PCR方法的特异性没有差异,但是,LAMP-HNB新法的灵敏度是PCR的10~100倍。经海产品实际检测验证,LAMP-HNB新法与PCR法和国标法的检测结果一致。因此,LAMP-HNB新法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便等特点,更适用于海产品处理现场的检测。     

Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that is widely distributed in the marine environments. This organism is frequently isolated from a variety of raw seafoods, particularly shellfish. Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus may lead to development of acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, headache, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. This pathogen is a common cause of foodborne illnesses in many Asian countries, including China, Japan and Taiwan, and is recognized as the leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption in the United States. This review gives an overview of V. parahaemolyticus food poisoning and provides information on recent development in methods for detecting V. parahaemolyticus and strategies for reducing risk of V. parahaemolyticus infections associated with seafood consumption.     

海产品中副溶血性弧菌防控技术研究进展

副溶血性弧菌是沿海省份引起食物中毒的一种主要的食源性致病菌,因此必须采取有效措施预防控制副溶血性弧菌在海产品中的污染。随着近些年人们对副溶血性弧菌防控技术研究的深入,总结出了大量的经验,开发出了许多新方法。本文主要从监管、净化、物理、化学及生物控制等方面对现有的副溶血性弧菌防控技术进行系统阐述,旨在为这些方法的应用和发展提供参考,进而为海产品的质量安全控制提供有利保障。     

海产品副溶血性弧菌控制研究进展

副溶血性弧菌是引起海产品食物中毒的主要致病因子。文章拟从物理、化学和生物三个方面对海产品中的副溶血性弧菌现有的控制措施进行概述,并展望未来的发展方向,以期为相关技术的应用和后续研究提供借鉴。     

副溶血弧菌DPO-PCR检测方法的建立

以副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)toxR基因为靶基因设计了一对双启动寡核苷酸(DPO)引物,建立了DPO-PCR快速检测VP的方法。结果显示,退火温度在49~69℃都能有效地扩增出目的基因,表明该检测方法对退火温度不敏感;该DPO引物仅与VP的扩增反应呈阳性,而与其他菌株无非特异性扩增反应,表明该方法特异性强;该方法的灵敏度为121 CFU/m L。利用该检测方法对采集的550份样品进行检测,共计检出19份VP阳性样品,与行标法(SN/T 1870-2007)检测结果一致,实用性良好。该DPO-PCR方法设计简单、特异性强,具有良好的实用性。     

传统培养法与荧光PCR法检测弧菌的方法评价

目的 比较标准检测方法与杜邦BAX System Q7快速检测方法检测副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌和创伤弧菌.方法 采用GB 4789.7—2013《食品微生物学检验副溶血性弧菌检验》、SN/T 1022—2010《进出口食品中弧菌霍乱弧菌检验方法》、DBS 13/004—2016《食品安全地方标准创伤弧菌检验》标准和杜邦B...     

Development of monoclonal antibody based sandwich ELISA for the rapid detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood

Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) are considered important virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and strains producing either of these or both are considered pathogenic. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against purified TRH recombinant protein of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using the hybridoma clone 4B10 showed higher sensitivity of detection compared to other clones. Using mAb 4B10 based sandwich ELISA, we could detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in 41.18% (14 out of 34) of the seafood samples analyzed. PCR targeting the toxR gene showed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in 64.7% (22 out of 34) seafood samples. Further, PCR targeting the virulence genes showed that 6 seafood samples harboured the tdh gene while 9 harboured the trh gene indicating the presence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Our results show that mAb 4B10 sandwich ELISA developed in this study could be used as a rapid method for screening seafood samples for the presence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus.     

荧光PCR检测副溶血性弧菌致病基因方法的建立

建立一种准确、快速、特异地检测副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)致病基因的荧光PCR方法。方法 用7株已知其致病基因的VP标准菌株和检出菌分别对6种VP致病基因荧光PCR检测文献方法和本文建立的方法进行验证比较,并用6种常见食源性病原菌对新建方法的特异性进行检验。结果 所建方法能够同时检测VP的3种溶血素,其检测结果与菌株的溯源结果及普通PCR结果完全一致,且与常见食源性病原菌无交叉反应。结论 本文建立的荧光PCR体系能够准确、快速、特异地检测VP的致病基因,具有较好的实用性。     

水产品中副溶血性弧菌特异性二重PCR检测方法的研究

建立快速检测水产品中副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahae-molyticus)的二重PCR方法.以副溶血性弧菌特异性基因tlh和toxR为靶基因,选择2对引物,对5株副溶血性孤菌和40株非副溶血性弧菌进行特异性检测;梯度稀释副溶血性弧菌基因组DNA,以不同稀释度DNA作PCR扩增;在鱼肉样品中以不同菌量人工污染,不同增菌时间培养,提取DNA进行PCR扩增;应用该方法对实际样品进行检测.以tlh和toxR为靶基因的两对引物对副溶血性弧菌的检出有很好的特异性.PCR检测的灵敏度在DNA水平上达到28.76 pg;人工污染样品,当起始污染量为1 CFU/mL时,37℃增菌培养10 h即可检出.本试验一共检测了21份水产品样品,有14份检出了副溶血性弧菌.     

副溶血弧菌PCR检测方法研究进展

副溶血弧菌是引起包括我国在内的世界各地沿海地区食物中毒的重要食源性致病菌,患者有典型的肠胃炎症状。及时准确地对食品中的副溶血弧菌进行检测是预防该菌引起的食物中毒的关键。分子生物学检测方法在副溶血弧菌检测中具有许多优势,现已得到广泛的应用。本文对PCR检测方法中的多重PCR、有扩增内标的PCR、实时荧光PCR(包括荧光染料法和荧光探针法)、基于DNA染料叠氮溴化乙锭和叠氮溴化丙锭的PCR、纳米粒子PCR、免疫捕获PCR、PCR-变性高效液相色谱、PCR-酶联免疫吸附等方法的国内外研究情况进行了综述,并对其检测效率、灵敏度、优点和缺点等进行了分析比较,环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)——包括常规LAMP和原位LAMP因与PCR方法有相似之处,故一并进行了综述,为副溶血弧菌PCR检测方法的应用与开发提供参考。     

Pathogenetic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood sources

A total of 216 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood and clinical samples in eastern China were investigated for their hemolytic and urea-producing phenotypes, presence of putative virulence genes tdh and trh. Twenty-one clinical isolates (84%, 21/25) and 3 seafood isolates (1.57%, 3/191) were tdh-positive while only 3 clinical isolates (12%) and 7 seafood isolates (3.66%) were positive for trh gene. We further examined the pathogenicity of selected V. parahaemolyticus isolates in in vitro and in vivo systems. The clinical isolates were apparently more enteropathogenic (74.26 per thousand vs 62.07 per thousand expressed as intestine/body weight ratio, P<0.01) and more virulent than their seafood counterparts to mice (log LD(50) 6.86 vs 7.40 via orogastric route, P<0.05). They were also more adherent to in vitro cultured cells and of higher cytotoxicity as measured by LDH release of the HeLa cells although there were no statistical differences. The tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates were of higher enteropathogenicity (P<0.05, 74.24 per thousand vs 60.55 per thousand) and more virulent (log LD(50) 6.55 vs 7.21 via intraperitoneal route, P<0.05) than tdh-negative isolates. The tdh-positive isolates were generally more cytotoxic and adhesive to the cultured cell lines as well. From the in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity profiles, trh-positive isolates seemed to line between tdh-positive isolates and those without tdh and trh. There were two isolates H8 and H10 from clinical cases having moderate enteropathogenicity and virulence to mice, but were tdh-negative yet trh-positive. These results seem to suggest that hemolysins TDH and/or TRH may not be necessarily the only virulence factors of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates.