部分填充多孔介质复合腔体内自然对流的二维PIV实验研究

利用PIV技术对部分填充多孔介质腔体内的二维流动进行测试试验,采用三维打印技术构造高孔隙率的球体结构作为多孔介质模型,搭建了二维PIV测试试验台对部分填充多孔介质复合腔体内自然流动进行了实验测试。通过实验结果与模拟结果的对比分析,发现在多孔介质中间断面位置,因两侧端面导致的三维效应可忽略不计,可以作为二维流场的最佳测试断面。     

壁面覆盖部分多孔介质方腔自然对流流动的数值模拟

多孔介质壁面封闭腔体的自然对流在生产实际中有重要的应用。针对左侧部分多孔介质壁面方形封闭腔体,基于有限元法对封闭腔体的自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,得到了在不同Ra、孔隙率条件下腔体内空气的温度分布、速度分布。结果表明:随着Ra的增大,腔体内的流场及温度场发生了明显的变化,多孔介质壁面孔隙率的变化对腔体的流动换热的影响很小。     

格子Boltzmann方法对多孔介质复合通道内流动的研究

针对海绵、青砖和石膏3种典型的多孔介质,利用工业X-CT断层图像扫描技术进行处理,获得真实多孔介质几何特征的二维构造多孔介质。采用不可压缩单松弛格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,通过改变通道内多孔介质模型和Re分析了多孔介质复合通道内流体的流动特性,从介观角度研究了多孔介质孔隙结构、孔隙率对复合通道内流场的渗流扰动的影响,为以后研究多孔介质复合腔体内热质交换提供一定参考。     

管内填充多孔介质强化换热的数值研究

管内填充多孔介质强化换热的基本原理是构造热边界层,增大壁面附近流体的温度梯度,并且流动阻力增幅不大。本文运用数值模拟的方法,模拟填充多孔介质管内的流场和温度场,探讨填充比例φ、渗透率Da以及空隙率ε对管内对流换热的影响规律。研究表明,提高填充比例φ和减小渗透率Da都能明显提高换热效果,但也增加了管内流动阻力。空隙率ε对强化换热作用不大,但高空隙率可以明显降低管内流动阻力,在实际中应选用空隙率较大的多孔介质。     

三维填充床内换热及热回流机理研究

利用计算流体力学（CFD）对顺序排列多孔介质小球的三维填充床进行数值模拟。研究填充床内位置及空气流速变化对温度分布、努塞尔数影响,并对多孔介质小球的热回流特性进行分析,揭示填充床内传热机理。结果表明：相比于气-固两相交替存在处,与小球相切处的热的非平衡性更强。最高温度上游的换热强度与下游相比更强烈;当流速增加时,上游的对流换热作用增强,下游变化不大。在热回流过程中,在入口区域对流换热占主导地位,导热和辐射换热作用较弱;在主流场区域,导热占主导地位,其次是辐射换热,对流换热作用最弱。     

应用热非平衡模型模拟梯度磁场作用下多孔介质方腔内空气热磁对流

梯度磁场可用来控制多孔介质内空气的自然对流传热过程.利用局部热非平衡模型对圆形截流线圈水平放置时三维多孔介质方腔内的空气热磁对流进行了数值研究.控制方程基本变量采用控制容积法离散,求解采用SIMPLE算法.计算过程中Ra为103～105,磁场力数γ为0～150、Da为10-7～100.获得了空气热磁对流的流场和温度场....     

封闭方腔内叉排管间熔融盐自然对流换热

以硝酸锂熔融盐为流体介质,对封闭方腔内交叉排布的四根热管间的介质自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,研究了热管不同位置和不同瑞利数对方腔内介质自然对流换热特性的影响。结果表明:管间距ε=0.5时,腔体内温度场和流场的对称性开始打破;ε=0.4和0.5时,下管及左右两管产生的热羽流冲刷上管热边界层,使上管局部Nu_φ分别在圆周角φ=180°、φ=280°和φ=80°处出现增强;ε=0.6时,上管不再受下管羽流影响。随着管间距增大,上管平均Nu_m越来越小,下管Nu_m越来越大;ε=0.4~0.6时,管间距对左右两管Nu_m影响很小,但ε=0.7时,左右两管平均换热均明显增强。     

填充有多孔介质的T型通道内冷热流体混合过程的大涡模拟

通过大涡模拟(large-eddy simulation,LES)对填充有烧结铜球多孔介质的T型通道内冷热流体混合过程的流动与传热情况进行了数值模拟,获得了混合区域内的瞬时温度和瞬时速度,通过时均值和均方根值来描述温度和速度的平均大小和波动程度。数值结果表明:在主管下游离多孔介质区域不远处的温度波动最为剧烈,在多孔介质的孔隙中流体速度波动最为剧烈。     

埋地原油管道停输期间温降及原油凝固传热模型及数值模拟

假设原油凝固区域为一固相和液相组成的动态多孔介质区域,建立了土壤、管道能量方程与原油质量、动量和能量方程相互耦合的传热模型,并对埋地原油管道停输温降过程进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果能够合理解释停输期间温度场、凝固界面和自然对流规律.     

多孔介质微小燃烧器的传热特性分析

采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对H_2/空气预混气在全填充多孔介质平板微燃烧器内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.研究了多孔介质导热系数、壁面导热系数、当量比、孔隙率对微燃烧器回热循环的影响规律.模拟结果表明:预热区对流回热效率、多孔介质导热效率与多孔介质导热系数呈正相关趋势;壁面导热系数增大会使预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升;预热区对流回热效率、壁面对流回热效率与当量比呈负相关趋势;多孔介质孔隙率是影响回热效率的重要因素,随着孔隙率的增大,预热区对流回热效率下降,壁面对流回热效率上升.     

Effects of a porous medium on the accelerated flow past a vertical porous surface

In the present work we investigate the effects of a porous medium on the accelerated flow past a vertical porous limiting surface. The solution of the problem is obtained in closed form by using the Laplace transform technique.     

Thermal behavior of a porous electric heater

The performance of a proposed porous electric heater is investigated. The porous heater exchanges heat with the working fluid through its large volumetric surface area. As a result, it produces lower surface temperature as compared with the conventional heater for the same imposed heating power. Two mathematical models are presented to describe the thermal behavior of both heaters. Axial diffusion is included in the governing equation of the solid conventional heater. The predictions of both models are compared at different operating conditions where it is found that porous heaters have much better thermal performance than the conventional heaters.     

Forced convection in thermally developing region of a channel partially filled with a porous material and optimal porous fraction

Local Nusselt numbers have been obtained on the porous side and the fluid side of the parallel plate channel. Plots to obtain wall heat transfer directly have been presented. Change in wall heat transfer has been examined to establish that the maximum enhancement in heat transfer occurs at a porous fraction of 0.8 at a Darcy number of 0.001. Correspondingly, the maximum enhancement per unit pressure drop occurs at a porous fraction of 0.7. As Darcy number increases, the porous fraction at which the maximum enhancement in heat transfer occurs decreases.     

Funicular state in drying of a porous slab

Drying of a non-hygroscopic porous slab initially saturated with liquid, up to the time of the first appearance of dried patches (critical time), is studied experimentally using glass beads and convective heating, and analytically using the volume averaged conservation equations for capillary driven liquid flow and empirical constitutive relations. Good agreement has been found between the predicted and measured results and the results show that:

• 1.(a) The surface mass transfer rate depends on the surface saturation. This surface saturation coefficient, which is also a function of both surface geometry and the free stream velocity, is determined experimentally.
• 2.(b) The critical time is a ratio of the internal liquid transport conductance (Péclet number) to the external vapor transport conductance (Biot number).

     

Thermal convection in a porous toroidal thermosyphon

Stability of natural convection in porous media differs from that in Newtonian fluid due to the changes of the thermal inertia and the friction. This paper aims to investigate the natural convection and its stability in a toroidal thermosyphon filled with porous media. The flow and temperature fields were numerically simulated and compared with that of Newtonian fluid. The results predicted two obvious local reversal flows near the connections of heating and cooling halves. A one-dimensional model was proposed which described qualitatively the occurring and stability of the thermal convection. The model suggested that the flow stability depends largely on the Prandtl number. The global flow can probably be chaotic only if the Prandtl number is finite. Contradictions of the conclusions drawn by different researchers were also discussed.     

Natural convection along a vertical porous surface

This paper describes an experimental study on natural convection along a vertical porous surface consisting of a bank of parallel plates with constant gaps. Compared with a smooth surface, the heat transfer for a porous surface with streamwise gaps is somewhat enhanced owing to enthalpy transport due to flow within the gaps and that with spanwise gaps is enhanced due to the leading- and trailing-edge effects of solid-phase micro surfaces. Observations show that no clear transition to turbulent flow occurs at a critical Rayleigh number for a smooth surface and that the boundary layer oscillates with a dominant frequency at higher Rayleigh numbers. The dominant frequency for a porous surface is nearly the same as that for a smooth surface. This fact obviously indicates that the oscillations of natural convection are almost independent of the porous structure of the heating surface and are mainly dependent on the behavior of the outer boundary layer. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 26(6): 385–397, 1997     

Natural convection in a square porous annulus

The current study is focused to investigate the natural convective heat transfer characteristics in a porous square annulus. Finite element method is used as a tool to simplify the partial differential equations that govern the heat and fluid flow characteristics inside the porous medium. A simple three noded triangular element is used to divide the porous domain into smaller segments known as elements. The algebraic set of equations resulting from the finite element equation are assembled into a global matrix and then solved iteratively to get the solution variables. Thermal equilibrium as well as non equilibrium in porous domain is considered. The effect of various geometric and physical parameters are investigated. The boundary conditions are such that the inner walls of the annulus are heated isothermally to temperature T_h, and the outer surfaces are exposed to cool temperature T_c. The width ratio defined as the ratio of hollow portion to the length of the cavity is varied from 0.125 to 0.875. Results are discussed with respect to width ratio, Rayleigh number, radiation parameter and viscous dissipation parameter.     

Exergy transfer in a porous rectangular channel

Present paper is performed to investigate the heat and exergy transfer characteristics of forced convection flow through a horizontal rectangular channel where open-cell metal foams of different pore densities such as 10, 20 and 30 PPI (per pore inches) were situated. All of the bounding walls of the channel are subjected to various uniform heat fluxes. The pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics are presented by two important parametric values, Nusselt number (Nu_H) and friction factor (f), as functions of Reynolds number (Re_H) and the wall heat flux (q). The Reynolds number (Re_H) based on the channel height of the rectangular channel is varied from 600 to 33?000, while the Grashof number (Gr_Dh) ranged from approximately 10⁵–10⁷ depending on q. Based on the experimental data, new empirical correlations are constructed to link the Nu_H. The results of all cases are compared to that of the empty channel and the literature. It is found that the results are in good agreement with those cited in the references. The mean exergy transfer Nusselt number (Nu_e) based on the Re_H, Nu_H, Pr and q for a rectangular channel with constant heat flux is presented and discussed.