马铃薯用作啤酒辅料的糖化工艺研究

研究了马铃薯用作啤酒辅米的最佳糖化工艺，结果表明添加马铃薯辅料后的最佳糖化条件为：以30％的马铃薯作为辅料，粉碎后过60目筛，在65℃下糖化60min。添加马铃薯辅料所制得的麦汁符合糖化麦汁的要求，其中高含量的氨基酸是其显著特征。发酵验证试验所得啤酒的各项理化指标均符合国家标准GB4927。     

添加马铃薯辅料酿制高氨基酸营养啤酒的研究

对添加马铃薯辅料酿制高氨基酸营养啤酒的可行性进行了研究，并在同等条件下，与添加大米辅料酿制普通啤酒进行对比。结果表明马铃薯丝干原料的成分与大米相比，无明显区别。添加马铃薯辅料所制得的麦汁中α-氨基氮的含量和氨基酸含量都远远高于添加大米辅料所得的麦汁，所得啤酒的各项理化指标均符合国家标准GB4927，但前者的氨基酸含量远高于后者。     

运用非常规原料和工艺生产麦汁

本文主要对用未发芽原料——国产(南斯拉夫)大麦部分代替麦芽制造麦汁进行了研究。大麦事先经过不同的处理：加热分解；添加商业用酶Termamyl进行酶解；水热法分解即挤压处理(大麦片)。经以上方法处理后，不添加任何外源酶，作为辅料替代麦芽，其比例由0％～70％，并在实验室规模做了用浸出糖化法生产麦汁的实验。结果表明，用国产大麦做辅料，比例为10％时，先经加热糊化处理后，用于生产麦汁能取得不错的效果。大麦比例大于10％时，经加热糊化后用于生产麦汁，则会降低浸出物含量。若用酶预处理大麦，再用作辅料生产麦汁，其结果则不令人满意：麦汁浸出物含量和可溶性氮含量降低，这将不利于生产高质量啤酒。大麦片作辅料部分代替麦芽，用量为50％时，麦汁能获得良好的分析质量参数。     

玉米淀粉免煮沸糖化生产技术研究应用

本文讨论了糊化免煮沸工艺的必要性和可能性，设计了三个糊化工艺对照试验。结果表明，玉米淀粉免煮沸工艺的糊化、液化效果良好，代表老化麦汁的TBA值低于糊化煮沸工艺，也低于大米辅料麦汁。     

红薯淀粉用作啤酒生产辅料的糊化工艺研究

研究了红薯淀粉用作啤酒辅料的最佳糊化工艺。结果表明红薯淀粉辅料的最佳糊化条件为料水比1:12,α-淀粉酶添加量10U/g红薯淀粉,糊化温度80℃,糊化时间20min。糊化结果能达到糖化要求,最高糖化得率可以达到77.3%。     

酵母在添加马铃薯辅料的麦汁中的发酵特性研究

研究了酵母在添加马铃薯辅料的麦汁中的发酵特性,结果表明,与在添加大米辅料的麦汁中的发酵特性相比,其完成主发酵所需时间、在主发酵阶段可发酵浸出物含量的变化、酵母利用还原糖和α-氨基氮的情况,以及酒精生成量的变化等方面均无明显区别;双乙酰的生成情况略有不同。所得啤酒的各项理化指标均符合国家标准GB4927。     

生产工艺对高辅料啤酒非生物稳定性的影响

探索了糖化方法、糖化温度、麦汁煮沸时间、麦汁pH值和PVPP添加量等生产工艺对高辅料啤酒非生物稳定性的影响.结果表明:最佳的糖化工艺条件是:采用一次煮出糖化法,糖化温度70℃,麦汁pH值为5.2～5.4,麦汁煮沸90min～100min.在啤酒中添加150mg/L的PVPP,可以明显降低啤酒中的多酚物质,提高高辅料啤酒的非生物稳定性.     

啤酒生产中玉米淀粉辅料糊化工艺改进

探讨了一种新的玉米淀粉辅料加工工艺，即在糊化锅内将淀粉直接糊化、糖化制成糖浆，然后直接导入煮沸锅，与麦汁一同煮沸、发酵。新工艺与传统工艺比较。大大缩短了麦汁过滤时间，制成的糖泉与麦汁成分相近，具有较传统工艺更高的麦芽糖．同时淀粉糊化后不需煮沸，节约了蒸汽能源。     

荞麦啤酒的研制

以荞麦为辅料制备麦芽汁,以酶的添加量、添加阶段、作用时间和辅料添加量为影响因素进行正交试验,得到最佳麦汁制备条件。在此条件下制成10oP和14oP的麦汁,进行发酵,得到荞麦啤酒,并对其理化指标进行分析。最终得到:在酶的添加量为0.30%,添加阶段为低温浸渍(45℃),作用时间20min,荞麦添加量30%的条件下制成10oP的麦汁所发酵的啤酒感官指标和理化指标最好。     

发泡酒的研究

发泡酒是一种使用辅料高达75%的啤酒,其口感、外观与普通啤酒相似。由于成本较低,使得发泡酒的价格也明显便宜,消费者容易接受。成为众多啤酒生产厂家共同关心的课题。本文研究了不同辅料的影响,外加酶协助糖化对于发泡酒酿造的重要作用,得出了酿造发泡酒的基本工艺。主要研究结果如下:(1)加拿大的麦特卡夫麦芽以其糖化力高、蛋白质含量高成为发泡酒酿造的选用麦芽。(2)外加蛋白酶可促进大麦自身β-淀粉酶的释放,和显著提高浸出液中α-氨基氮的浓度。(3)甜荞中具有生物活性的儿茶素以其优良的理化性质——热稳定性好;溶解度大;抗氧化性等,成为发泡酒酿造辅料选择对象。(4)成功解决了大麦等原材料的粉碎问题,二次粉碎效果较好。(5)对发泡酒的糖化工艺进行了深入的研究,得出了能制备全权麦汁的最佳工艺流程和工艺条件。(6)制得的麦汁经过滤浊度仍很大(即使添加了卡拉胶),静置一段时间后中间有呈雾状沉淀,其余的麦汁澄清透明,色度只有4.0 EBC。雾状浑浊在发酵时会与酵母一同沉淀下来,不会影响啤酒的质量。(7)酒花的添加量为0.03%。(8)由于发泡酒的辅料比为75%,糊化醪的量较糖化醪多。糊化醪在煮沸后需冷却至70℃左右,方能与糖化醪合并。所以要在原有设备基础上——在糊化锅后添加冷却设备,方能适应发泡酒的生产。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press