浅谈影剧院火灾的预防与扑救

通过对影剧院火灾案例的分析，提出了对公众聚集场所，尤其是对大空间、有闷顶的场所的火灾扑救及预防措施，以避免公众聚集场所发生火灾后造成群死群伤。     

公众聚集场所火灾危害原因分析及解决对策

结合近年来公众聚集场所火灾的发生情况,从安全隐患、火灾烟气以及火场逃生等三方面,分析了火灾人员的伤亡原因,并针对存在问题,提出了预防和扑救对策,以避免或减少公众聚集场所火灾的发生。     

大型地下公众聚集场所消防管理刍议

城市综合性地下公众聚集场所的兴起,为繁荣市场经济起到了积极的作用。但也给消防安全工作带来了困难和不利影响,地下公众聚集场所人员、物资高度集中,建筑防火、人员疏散、日常消防管理和火灾扑救难度大,一旦发生火灾极易造成群死群伤恶性事故。据统计,２０００年,全国地下建筑共发生火灾４０５９起,死３４０人,伤５２８人,直接经济损失１２９５２．７万元。因此,切实加强地下公众聚集场所的消防安全管理具有十分重要的意义,笔者就大型地下公众聚集场所的火灾危险性及如何做好防火安全工作试析如下： １火灾的特点 １．１燃烧易…     

应管好配好公众聚集场所的灭火器材

公众聚集场所由于人员集中，储存货物价值高，火灾危险性较大，发生火灾后易造成群死群伤和严重经济损失。各类灭火器作为最基本、最普及的对付火灾的武器，是及时扑救初起火灾、预防重特大火灾事故发生的重要消防器材，在公众聚集场所的消防安全保障中起着十分重要的作用。但目前公众聚集场所在灭火器的配置及日常管理中还存在着诸多的问题。     

浅谈公众聚集场所的消防安全与对策

公众聚集场所火灾频发,人员伤亡多,财产损失大,是消防安全工作的重点。本文在总结我国公众聚集场所火灾总体现状的基础上,分析了公众聚集场所火灾的四个特点,指出了消防管理中存在的四个问题,并对如何加强公众聚集场所消防安全进行了初步探讨。     

公众聚集场所火灾原因的灰色关联分析

以某省五年的公众聚集场所火灾数据为例,利用灰色关联分析理论进行公众聚集场所的火灾原因与火灾起数、火灾损失、火灾人员伤亡的关联分析,分析结果可用于指导公众聚集场所的火灾防控和防灾减灾。     

公众聚集场所的火灾隐患与预防

公众聚集场所是指歌舞厅、影剧院、宾馆、饭店、商场、集贸市场等人员密集的场所。由于它一般装修豪华，可燃物多，共享空间大，一旦发生火灾往往难以扑救，而且容易造成群死群伤恶性火灾事故。     

公众聚集场所火灾疏散逃生与自救

从公众聚集场所的火灾特点和以往事故教训可以看出，公众聚集场所发生火灾易造成人员群死群伤的惨剧，且火灾中多数死亡人员是因不懂疏散逃生知识，选择了错误逃生方法或者错过逃生时机而造成的。因此，掌握公众聚集场所正确的疏散逃生方法以提高自救能力尤其重要。[第一段]     

铁路客车火灾应急处置对策

铁路客车是主要交通工具之一,客车是一个运动中的公众聚集场所。由于客车发生火灾时的地点、环境等因素的不确定性,救援力量难以及时赶到,加上客车的结构特点,给火灾扑救、人员疏散等救援行动造成很大困难。探讨客车发生火灾时的应急处置对策。     

挂牌督办限期整治

近日,云南省人民政府办公厅发出《关于督促整改公众聚集场所重大火灾隐患的通知》。 2002年以来,在省政府的统一领导下.全省先后两次开展了公众聚集场所消防安全专项治理活动。通过治理,全省各地消除了一大批火灾隐患,取缔了一批不符合消防安全条件的场所,使我省公众聚集场所消防安全环境有了一个大的改观。但目前全省仍有40个公众聚集场所存在重大火灾隐患,尚未得到有效     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。