Aroma characterization of red wines from cv. Bobal grape variety grown in La Mancha region

Bobal is an indigenous Spanish cultivar, principally grown in the region of Valencia. The volatile composition of young red wines made from the cv. Bobal grape variety grown in the La Mancha region of Spain has been studied over five vintages by instrumental analysis to determine the influence of grape variety on the aroma of wine. Free and glycosidically-bound aroma compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate respectively to later be analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred and twelve (112) free aroma compounds and ninety-six (96) bound aroma compounds were identified and quantified in Bobal wines oven this five year period. Based on the result, Bobal wine presents a complex chemical profile with a wealth of aromas in its aromatic composition.     

Free and bound volatile compounds as markers of aromatic typicalness of Moravia Dulce, Rojal and Tortosí red wines

Rojal, Moravia Dulce and Tortosí are three red minority grape varieties grown in La Mancha region (Spain). In this work, wines from these grape varieties were elaborated across four harvests (2006-2009). The aroma of wines was studied by instrumental and sensory analysis to determine their typicality and quality. Free and glycosidically-bound aroma compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis of wines identified 75, 78 and 80 free aroma compounds and 59, 62 and 62 bound aroma compounds in Moravia Dulce, Rojal and Tortosí wines, respectively. C₆ and benzenic compounds were the major components of free varietal aroma. Bound aroma fraction was characterised by a larger concentration of benzenic and C₁₃-norisoprenoid compounds, which suggest that these wines possess a great aroma potential.     

Volatile components of Negroamaro red wines produced in Apulian Salento area

Volatile composition of monovarietal young red wines made from Negroamaro cultivar, an autochthonous grape variety of Vitis vinifera grown exclusively in Salento area (southeast of Italy in Apulia region), was investigated. Volatile compounds were extracted following a solid phase extraction (SPE) method, and then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed a complex aroma profile rich in alcohols, esters and fatty acids, with a minor contribute from aldehydes, lactones, volatile phenols and sulphur compounds. For the first time, aromatic patterns that characterise wines produced from Negroamaro autochthonous grape variety were established, starting a fundamental register of typicity and geographical identity of Apulians wines. Statistical data analysis techniques (Principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA) showed the structure of the experimental data and the significant differences for each compound in the different wines.     

Influence of grape variety,vine system and enological treatments on the colour stability of young red wines

Sixty six volatile compounds were detected in Spanish citrus honeys by GC–MS. Certain compounds appeared to be characteristic of this floral source, particularly high concentrations of terpenes and derivatives, such as linalool, (Z) (E)-linalool oxide, α-terpineol, terpineal and isomers of lilac aldehyde and lilac alcohol. Sinensal isomers are also proposed as new chemical markers for citrus honeys, since these compounds are present only in this floral source. OAV values suggested that these compounds contributed strongly to the characteristic aroma of citrus honeys.     

Polyphenolic pattern and in vitro cardioprotective properties of typical red wines from vineyards cultivated in Scafati (Salerno,Italy)

Wines are the subject of increasing numbers of investigations owing to the pharmaceutical usefulness of grape phytochemicals. The aim of the present work was to hypothesize the use of lyophilised red wines for the formulation of food supplements potentially useful against both physiological and induced cardiac oxidative stress. Cardiac derived H9C2 myocytes were incubated with increasing doses (0.01–1 μg) of lyophilised Aglianico wine (lioAW). Experiments showed an appreciable direct radical scavenging activity at a maximum lioAW dose of 0.03 μg that made the caspase-3 activity decrease by about 41%. Cardiac cells were exposed to 1 μM doxorubicin and its combination with different doses of lioAW. Maximum lioAW aliquot of 0.03 μg seemed to effectively contrast the induced oxidant injury decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROSs) levels by about 38%and depressing the caspase-3 activity by about 63%. In both assays, pro-oxidant effects at higher lioAW concentrations were detected.     

加热温度对新疆马脂理化性质、脂肪酸及挥发性风味化合物的影响

以新疆马脂为研究对象,通过测定过氧化值（measuring peroxide value,POV）、茴香胺值（p-anisidine value,p-AV）、酸价（acid value,AV）及色度值,并采用气相色谱、顶空气相色谱-质谱联用、感官评价及相对气味活度值（relative odor activity value,ROAV）,分析加热温度100、120、140、160、180、200?℃条件下的马脂基本理化指标、脂肪酸及其挥发性化合物的变化规律。结果表明：加热温度高于160?℃时,AV值从160?℃的1.62?mg/g（KOH计）急剧增加;POV先增加后降低,在160?℃时达到最大值0.124?g/100?g;p-AV在温度上升到160?℃后几乎不变;马脂的多不饱和脂肪酸含量随温度升高从20.87%降低到14.54%,其中亚油酸含量高达13.59%～20.06%;马脂在100、120、140、160、180、200?℃分别鉴定出49、50、45、47、56、51?种风味物质,主要为醛类、醇类、酮类、呋喃类、酸类和酯类,结合主成分分析及ROAV计算最终确定11?种关键风味化合物,感官评定表明不同加热温度的马脂在肉味和清香味等特征风味属性上具有显著差异（P＜0.05）,相关研究结果可为新疆马脂的品质控制及风味改良提供理论依据。