基于能量信息耦合梯度调节机制的图像修复算法设计与应用

为了克服当前图像修复算法主要依靠图像的置信度信息来获取优先修复块，忽略了图像的能量信息，导致修复结果中存在不连续及伪吉布斯现象等缺陷。本文设计了基于能量信息与梯度调节机制的图像修复算法。首先，通过区域能量函数来求取图像的能量信息，以计算待修复块的优先权信息，得到优先修复块。然后，基于图像梯度模值，建立梯度调节机制，以调节样本块的大小，获取与图像纹理相适应的样本块尺寸。引入平方差求和函数，以确定最优匹配块。最后，通过像素点间的差异性，构造相似惩罚因子，以更新置信度项，完成图像的修复。实验结果显示，较当前图像修复方案而言，所提算法具备更好的修复性能，所得到的修复图像拥有更好的纹理连贯性与更高的结构相似值。     

图像块稀疏结构相似度邻域约束超分辨率方法

在利用稀疏邻域嵌入来改进视觉伪影的图像超分辨率过程中,以稀疏特征进行高频信息估计时会产生过拟合,导致图像目标的边缘纹理部分过于平滑而丢失细节信息.针对此问题,提出图像块稀疏结构相似度邻域约束超分辨率方法.首先通过建立高/低分辨率样本块对模型并进行字典对学习,同时得到样本对模型的同构稀疏表示系数;然后以图像块稀疏结构相似度作为特征,在样本对模型中进行稀疏结构相似邻域选择;最后建立图像超分辨率目标函数,将邻域加权估计、稀疏线性组合以及下采样逼近作为约束项,采用共轭梯度算法进行模型求解.利用公共数据仿真实验和实际采集图像进行实验,并对主要参数进行验证和分析,结果表明,该方法在抑制视觉伪影的同时有效地保留了图像细节信息,峰值信噪比和结构相似度等客观评价指标也有所提高.     

相似匹配块组的稀疏表示图像修复

目的 传统多样本块稀疏表示的图像修复过程中,容易因为匹配样本块的错误,重构出不正确的填充块,致使在边缘部分产生不连贯的现象,然而单样本匹配填充又容易产生明显的伪影,不能保证与周围结构保持连续,以致产生明显的修复痕迹,为此,本文提出一种改进的基于相似匹配块组的稀疏表示方法。方法 首先,采用颜色信息与余弦距离结合的方法定义图像块匹配准则,在目标邻域范围内获得结构变化趋势更相似的匹配块组;然后,在稀疏重构过程中,同时考虑已知信息和估计的未知信息,利用相似块与目标块的匹配程度,对稀疏系数增加不同的权重,以此来增强筛选匹配块的能力,减少纹理模糊现象;最后,根据结构稀疏度自适应地在各结构复杂度不同的区域确定样本块尺寸,减少图像修复过程中的错误传播现象。结果 实验结果表明,本文算法改善了在边缘修复过程中产生断裂或者纹理延伸的现象,不仅在主观视觉有明显的提升,其修复结果的峰值信噪比（PSNR）相较于其他相关稀疏表示修复算法提高了0.53 dB。结论 本文算法实现了对不同结构特征的彩色破损图像的修复,在结构边缘处有理想的修复效果,并且对各种形状的破损也具有良好的修复效果。     

基于边缘特征和像素结构相似度的图像修复算法

针对Criminisi算法的块匹配准则仅采取单一颜色判断因子导致无法合理选择最佳样本块,且其在修复过程中使用单一修复模板易出现填充裂纹和错误像素的问题,提出基于边缘特征和像素结构相似度的图像修复算法.首先提出一种局部特征与边缘纹理分辨相结合的分段修复算法以增强边缘纹理分辨能力;其次采用样本相似度和信息熵相似度确定最佳样本块集合,并依据颜色和特征项的欧氏几何距离及结构相似性确立块匹配准则;再通过基于信息熵的自适应修复模板解决Criminisi算法的填充裂纹和错误像素问题;最后引入果蝇优化算法以减少图像修复时间.实验结果证明,对于不同的图像,文中算法能取得较为满意的修复效果和修复效率.     

不规则块的图像补全算法

目的 目前在图像补全领域研究的重点和难点是补全具有复杂结构信息和丰富纹理信息的大破损区域的图像。传统的基于样本块的图像补全算法主要采用规则的模板块和匹配块来进行补全,补全过程中不能充分利用图像的结构或纹理的不规则信息,从而影响算法修复的精度和效率。针对这一问题,本研究提出一种基于不规则块的图像补全算法。方法 在该算法中,首先利用结构稀疏度来区分图像的结构信息和纹理信息并基于结构稀疏度和置信度计算破损区域边界点的优先级,然后选择优先级最高的点构造规则模板块。对处于复杂结构区域的模板块,如果其邻域含有已知的结构信息,则膨胀该规则模板并利用其周围的结构信息来辅助构造不规则模板块。接下来,在图像完好区域内搜索与该模板块对应的匹配块,如果该匹配块的邻域包含有效的结构信息,则膨胀该匹配块并补充其周围的结构信息来完善该不规则匹配块。最后,利用该不规则匹配块补全破损区域。对于补全过程中块间接缝造成的视觉不连通问题,本研究利用图像的纹理信息来进行修饰。结果 将本文算法与4种修复效果较好的算法（3种基于规则块的算法和1种基于局部敏感哈希的修复算法）进行对比,通过8组经典图像进行实例验证,采用客观评价指标峰值信噪比PSNR和主观视觉连通性进行评价,结果表明本文提出的算法峰值信噪比相较4种对比算法均有04 dB的提高,且在补全的精细度和视觉连通性方面有更佳的效果。结论 本文算法在补全含有较复杂结构和丰富纹理的破损自然图像、壁画图像和目标物体移除上有较好的修复效果,普适性较强。     

改进的基于样例的图像修复方法

在Criminisi算法基础上,针对其填充次序不准确等缺点,提出了一种基于样例的图像修复方法。通过在优先权函数中引入相邻像素间颜色差值信息,图像结构部分优先传播。同时,置信度值更新考虑样本填充质量,目标块与相似块差异越小则该值相对较高。另外,块搜索过程中多个样本块有相同最小颜色距离时,选取梯度距离最小的样本块。实验结果表明,改进算法对各类图像取得了较高修复质量。     

自适应非局部低秩的图像压缩感知重构算法

针对传统非局部低秩的图像压缩感知重构算法忽略图像结构特征,导致图像重构效果不理想的问题,提出一种自适应非局部低秩的图像压缩感知重构算法,充分考虑图像自身结构特征和图像块间的强相关性.根据样本块的块结构稀疏度值设置阈值,自适应选取局部搜索窗口大小和相似块的数目;利用新的相似块匹配方法在给定搜索窗口内选取所需要的相似块,按列聚合成低秩矩阵;利用加权Schatten p-范数作为原始秩函数的逼近去求解矩阵秩最优化问题.实验结果表明,所提算法较对比算法在峰值信噪比和视觉效果上均有所提高,验证了其有效性.     

基于结构稀疏度和块差异度的目标移除图像修复

针对目标移除修复方法中存在的修复顺序不合理以及错误匹配问题,提出一种基于结构稀疏度和块差异度的图像修复方法。首先,在优先权中增加块的结构稀疏度计算,使优先权不仅依赖于目标块的几何特征,而且可以反映其邻域特征,提高了对目标块所处区域特征的辨识度,从而使修复顺序更加合理。其次,定义目标块与样本块之间的差异度,并在此基础上定义新的匹配规则,不仅对已存在像素之间的相似程度进行衡量,而且对已存在像素与填充像素之间的差异程度进行衡量,从而有效防止错误匹配以及错误累积。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高图像的修复效果,使修复图像更加符合视觉一致性要求。     

基于清晰度信息与灰度差异熵的图像修复算法

当前较多图像修复算法主要利用图像的结构信息来计算待修复块的优先权,忽略了图像的清晰度信息,导致修复图像中含有振铃以及块现象等问题。对此引入图像的空间频率,设计了基于清晰度信息与灰度差异熵的图像修复算法。首先,将数据项、空间频率和置信度项进行组合,形成待修复块的优先权度量函数,使其在优先权的计算过程中充分考虑了图像的清晰度信息,以提高优先权值计算的准确性,确保合理的修复顺序。然后,采用图像的灰度差异信息,构造灰度差异熵函数,计算合适的样本块大小。最后,联合绝对差平方和SSD与灰度差异熵函数,从图像的色彩差异信息以及灰度差异信息出发,确定待修复块对应的最优匹配块,以修复图像。实验结果表明,相对于已有的图像修复方法而言,所提算法具备更为理想的修复效果,对应的结构相似度值更大,其输出结果中不含有振铃和块现象。     

改进的Criminisi图像修复算法

图像修复是一种去除图像中多余物体并采用合理的纹理去填充待修复区域的技术。针对Criminisi等人提出的基于样本的图像修复算法,根据目标块中的结构信息与中心点梯度值的相关性,提出了一种新的优先权函数设计方法,以保持待修复区域的强连续性。为加快匹配效率,在确保要获取的匹配块在搜索范围内的同时,采用局部搜索匹配块的方法,相比Criminisi原算法中通过全局搜索得到匹配块的方式,速率更快。实验结果表明,该算法能获得更佳的修复效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。