基于LSTM的无监督域自适应行人重识别

本文提出一种基于无监督域自适应的行人重识别方法.给定有标签的源域训练集和无标签的目标域训练集,探索如何提升行人重识别模型在目标域测试集上的泛化能力.以此为目的,在模型的训练过程中,将源域和目标域训练集同时输入到模型中进行训练,提取全局特征的同时,提取局部特征进行行人图像描述以学到更加细粒度的特征.提出将长短时记忆网络(...     

基于多对多生成对抗网络的非对称跨域迁移行人再识别

无监督跨域迁移学习是行人再识别中一个非常重要的任务. 给定一个有标注的源域和一个没有标注的目标域, 无监督跨域迁移的关键点在于尽可能地把源域的知识迁移到目标域. 然而, 目前的跨域迁移方法忽略了域内各视角分布的差异性, 导致迁移效果不好. 针对这个缺陷, 本文提出了一个基于多视角的非对称跨域迁移学习的新问题. 为了实现这种非对称跨域迁移, 提出了一种基于多对多生成对抗网络(Many-to-many generative adversarial network, M2M-GAN)的迁移方法. 该方法嵌入了指定的源域视角标记和目标域视角标记作为引导信息, 并增加了视角分类器用于鉴别不同的视角分布, 从而使模型能自动针对不同的源域视角和目标域视角组合采取不同的迁移方式. 在行人再识别基准数据集Market1501、DukeMTMC-reID和MSMT17上, 实验验证了本文的方法能有效提升迁移效果, 达到更高的无监督跨域行人再识别准确率.     

基于一致性约束和标签优化的无监督域适应行人重识别

目的 无监督域适应行人重识别（unsupervised domain adaptive pedestrians’ re-identification,UDA Re-ID）旨在通过已有标记的应用场景（即源域）数据和新的无标记应用场景（即目标域）数据,训练一个可以在目标域泛化性能好的行人重识别模型。现有方法没有考虑实例特征在训练过程中的不稳定问题,也没有显式考虑由于相机变化所导致的行人类内距离变大、类间距离变小的问题,以及无标注目标域数据聚类误差带来的伪标签噪声问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种具有一致性约束和标签优化的方法。方法 首先提出了实例一致性以约束同一实例在不同增广下的特征距离,提升行人实例特征稳定性;然后提出相机一致性以约束跨相机正实例特征对之间的距离,提升对相机变化的鲁棒性;最后提出了基于标签集成的标签优化,将one-hot编码的伪标签转换为更可靠的软标签,提升了监督信号的鲁棒性。结果 本文方法在Duke→Market,Market→Duke,Duke→MSMT,Market→MSMT等常用的UDA Re-ID任务上的平均精度均值（mean average precision,m...     

基于双矫正机制的源域无关域适应学习

标准域无监督域适应学习是从相关的源域学习知识迁移到目标域,通常假设源域数据在训练阶段是可直接使用的。但是由于隐私和安全问题,在一些现实的应用中,源域数据往往是不可直接获取的,如何有效利用目标域数据从而减少噪声类的输出或特征的产生是源域无关域适应学习的巨大挑战。为解决这个问题,提出了一个基于双矫正机制的源域无关域适应学习模型（source-free domain adaptation with dual-correction mechanism,DCM）。首先,探索目标域样本信息结构,对噪声类输出进行矫正;其次,采用教师—学生模型指导特征的学习,最大化高置信度特征间的一致性以及低置信度特征间的差异性。最后,在数字集、Office-31和Office-Home数据集上的实验结果证实了DCM的有效性。     

一种基于局部加权均值的领域适应学习框架

最大均值差异(Maximum mean discrepancy, MMD)作为一种能有效度量源域和目标域分布差异的标准已被成功运用.然而, MMD作为一种全局度量方法一定程度上反映的是区域之间全局分布和全局结构上的差异.为此, 本文通过引入局部加权均值的方法和理论到MMD中, 提出一种具有局部保持能力的投影最大局部加权均值差异(Projected maximum local weighted mean discrepancy, PMLWD)度量,%从而一定程度上使得PMLWD更能有效度量源域和目标域中局部分块之间的分布和结构上的差异,结合传统的学习理论提出基于局部加权均值的领域适应学习框架(Local weighted mean based domain adaptation learning framework, LDAF), 在LDAF框架下, 衍生出两种领域适应学习方法: LDAF_MLC和 LDAF_SVM.最后,通过测试人工数据集、高维文本数据集和人脸数据集来表明LDAF比其他领域适应学习方法更具优势.     

基于自适应融合网络的跨域行人重识别方法

无监督跨域的行人重识别旨在将从有标签的源域中学习到的知识迁移到无标签的目标域,具有实用性和有效性而得到广泛关注.基于聚类的跨域行人重识别可以生成伪标签并对模型进行优化使得其表现较其他方法更优,然而这类方法由于过于依赖聚类伪标签的准确性,忽略了对伪标签噪声的处理,导致噪声随着网络迭代而不断扩大,影响模型的鲁棒性.针对这个问题,提出了基于自适应融合网络的方法,利用双网络结构共同学习,并将学习到的知识进行融合得到融合网络;为了区分两个网络的学习能力,设计了自适应融合策略;同时,利用细粒度风格转换模块对目标域数据集进行处理,降低行人图像对相机变换的敏感度.在行人重识别基准数据集Market1501、DukeMTMC-ReID和MSMT17上,通过评估指标平均精度均值和Rank-n与主流的方法进行了对比实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于注意力机制学习域内变化的跨域行人重识别方法

针对行人重识别任务跨域迁移时性能严重衰退的问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制学习域内变化的跨域行人重识别方法。首先,以ResNet50为基础架构并对其进行调整使其适合行人重识别任务,并引入实例-批归一化网络（IBN-Net）以提高模型的泛化能力,同时增加区域注意力分支以提取更具鉴别性的行人特征。对于源域的训练,将其作为分类任务,使用交叉熵损失进行源域的有监督学习,同时引入三元组损失来挖掘源域样本的细节,从而提高源域的分类性能。对于目标域的训练,通过学习域内变化来适应源域和目标域间的数据分布差异。在测试阶段,以ResNet50 pool-5层的输出作为图像特征,并计算查询图像与候选图像间的欧氏距离来度量两者的相似度。在两个大规模公共数据集Market-1501和DukeMTMC-reID上进行实验,所提方法的Rank-1准确率分别达到80.1%和67.7%,平均精度均值（mAP）分别为49.5%和44.2%。实验结果表明,所提方法在提高模型泛化能力方面性能较优。     

参数字典稀疏表示的完全无监督域适应

无监督域适应(unsupervised domain adaptation,UDA)针对的是源域有标记而目标域无标记的学习问题,其目的是利用从标记大样本源域中所学"知识"来促进无标记小样本目标域的学习性能。但现实中也往往存在样本无标记的源域,形成了所谓的完全无监督域适应。该问题给域适应学习带来了严峻的挑战。受先前提出的软大间隔聚类学习(soft large margin clustering,SLMC)启发,提出了一种参数迁移方法——参数字典稀疏表示的完全无监督的域适应方法(whole UDA,WUDA)。SLMC采用分类学习思想在输出(标记)空间中实现给定数据的聚类,在这种实现原理的启发下,从参数(决策函数的权重矩阵)公共字典的角度,在源域和目标域的权重间进行互适应参数字典学习实现知识迁移,同时引入l_(2,1)范数来约束字典系数矩阵,使得各域权重可从公共字典中自适应地选择,从而实现域适应学习。最后,在相关数据集上的实验显示了WUDA在聚类性能上的显著有效性。     

可能性匹配知识迁移原型聚类算法

针对迁移原型聚类的优化问题,本文以模糊知识匹配迁移原型聚类为基础,介绍了聚类场景中从源域到目标域的迁移学习机制,明确了源域聚类中心辅助目标域得到更好的聚类效果。但目前此类迁移机制依然面临如下的挑战:1）如何克服已有迁移原型聚类方法中不同类别间的知识强制性匹配带来的负作用。2）当源域与目标域相似度较低时,如何避免模糊强制性匹配的不合理性以及过于依赖源域知识的缺陷被放大。为此,研究了一种新的迁移原型聚类机制,即可能性匹配知识迁移原型机制,并基于此实现了2个具体的迁移聚类算法。借鉴可能性匹配的思想,该算法可以自动选择和偏重有用的源域知识,克服了源域和目标域之间的强制性匹配限制,具有较好的可调节性。研究结果表明:在不同迁移场景下模拟数据集和真实NG20groups数据集上的实验研究表明,提出的算法较已有的相关算法展现了更好的性能。     

基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测

为解决网络入侵检测问题,提高检测准确率和降低误报率,提出一种基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测方法,该方法使用非监督学习的深度自编码器来进行迁移学习,实现网络的入侵检测。首先对深度迁移学习问题进行建模,然后对深度模型进行迁移学习。迁移学习框架由嵌入层和标签层实现编/解码,编码和解码权重由源域和目标域共享,用于知识的迁移。嵌入层中,通过最小化域之间的嵌入实例的KL散度来强制源域和目标域数据的分布相似;在标签编码层中,使用softmax回归模型对源域的标签信息进行编码分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现网络入侵检测,且性能优于其他入侵检测方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.