基于非线性短时傅里叶变换阶次跟踪的变速行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对变速行星齿轮箱信号频率模糊且受噪声影响的问题,提出了基于非线性短时傅里叶变换（NLSTFT）无键相阶次跟踪与变分模态分解的故障诊断方法。用NLSTFT算法估计信号瞬时频率,对其积分获得瞬时相位曲线,通过重采样得到角域信号;利用NCOGS算法对角域信号降噪,采用VMD算法进行角域信号模态分解,通过各模态分量信号包络谱解调实现故障诊断。实验结果表明,新方法计算效率高、鲁棒性好,提高了变转速行星齿轮箱故障诊断性能。     

基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比能量解调的齿轮轮齿裂纹故障诊断

针对变速下齿轮裂纹故障信号微弱,难以提取这一特点,提出了基于线调频小波路径追踪的阶比能量解调算法,并将其应用于变速下的齿轮裂纹故障诊断。该方法先采用线调频小波路径追踪算法提取齿轮的啮合频率分量,由此得到转速信号;然后利用转速信号对原始信号进行等角度采样得到角域平稳信号;接着对角域平稳信号进行带通滤波和角域平均运算以消除干扰噪声的影响;最后使用能量算子解调求取瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,根据瞬时频率和瞬时幅值进行故障诊断。应用实例表明,该方法能有效地提取变速下的齿轮裂纹故障。     

基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比跟踪算法的齿轮箱故障诊断研究

针对阶比跟踪转速获取硬件方法需要额外安装转速测量设备,软件方法精度不高、抗噪能力弱的问题,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱阶比跟踪故障诊断方法。该方法利用基于线调频小波路径追踪瞬时频率估计算法适于分解频率呈曲线变化的非平稳信号的特点,采用其对齿轮箱的啮合频率分量进行估计以获取转速信号,依据转速信号对等时间间隔采样信号进行等角度重采样,将非平稳信号转化为角域平稳信号,得到振动信号的阶次谱,判断齿轮箱故障。仿真算例与应用实例表明上述方法在瞬时频率估计方面具有精度高和抗噪能力强的优点,可以根据信号自身的特点自适应的选择基函数,准确地对转速进行估计,其与阶比跟踪算法的结合能有效诊断齿轮箱故障。     

基于多项式Chirplet变换和变分模态分解的变转速工况轴向柱塞泵故障诊断

针对变转速工况轴向柱塞泵故障诊断时故障特征提取困难的问题,提出了基于多项式Chirplet变换和变分模态分解的诊断方法。首先使用多项式Chirplet变换估计瞬时频率;然后基于估计的瞬时频率重采样,将时域非平稳信号转化为角域平稳信号;最后对角域信号进行变分模态分解。根据峭度对所得的本征模态函数分量进行重构并作包络阶次谱分析,判断轴向柱塞泵中轴承的故障类型。实验结果表明,该方法有效提取了变转速工况轴向柱塞泵轴承的故障特征。     

基于局部均值分解的阶次跟踪分析及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮升降速过程中故障振动信号为多分量的调制信号以及故障特征频率随转速变化的特点,将局部均值分解（LMD）与阶次跟踪分析相结合,提出了一种新的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先采用阶次重采样将齿轮的时域振动信号转换为角域平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行LMD分解,得到若干个乘积函数（PF）分量,最后对各个PF分量的瞬时幅值进行频谱分析来提取齿轮的故障特征。通过对齿轮齿根裂纹故障试验振动信号的分析可知,该方法能有效地提取齿轮故障特征。     

基于角域经验小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变转速条件下滚动轴承故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于角域经验小波变换的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用等角度重采样将变转速下非平稳的滚动轴承故障振动信号转化为角域平稳信号,然后应用经验小波变换(Empirical mode decomposition,EWT)对角域平稳信号进行自适应分解,得到若干个经验模态分量,最后选择峭度值最大的经验模态分量进行包络谱分析,提取出滚动轴承故障的阶比特征。为提高经验小波变换的分解效率,对其频谱分割方法进行了改进。滚动轴承故障诊断实例表明,该方法能够有效地抑制噪声等干扰成分的影响,精确提取滚动轴承故障的阶比特征,为变转速条件下的滚动轴承故障诊断提供一种有效方法。     

基于自适应短时Chirp-Fourier变换的瞬时转速估计及应用

回转设备的瞬时转速是实现故障诊断的重要参数之一,也是提取表征设备运行状态其他关键参数的基本前提。针对传统短时傅里叶变换方法存在瞬时转速估计精度不足的问题,提出一种基于自适应短时Chirp-Fourier变换的瞬时转速估计方法。该方法建立调频参数的自适应选取策略,可根据信号的时频分布特性对信号进行自适应匹配分解,不但提高了计算效率,而且避免了谱图模糊问题,实现瞬时转速的精确估计。在此基础上结合信号解调技术,形成无键相幅值相位解调方法,并成功应用于变工况下的齿轮箱故障诊断。     

基于NLSTFT与TSA相结合的风电齿轮箱故障诊断

针对变工况风电齿轮箱振动信号存在频谱频率模糊问题,以及传统时域同步平均方法需要键相信号及转速稳定要求.提出了一种不需要键相信号可跟踪变转速振动信号瞬时频率的时域同步平均方法.该方法通过非线性短时傅里叶变换(Non-linear short-time fourier transform,NLSTFT)获取变转速齿轮箱振动信号瞬时频率曲线,积分得到瞬时相位曲线;根据瞬时相位对原始信号进行角域重采样,获得阶次信号;最后对阶次信号进行TSA处理进行齿轮故障诊断.以某机组的齿轮箱实测数据,有效地验证了所提方法在风电齿轮箱故障诊断中的有效性及工程实用性.     

基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的齿轮故障信号阶比分析

针对变转速齿轮箱故障振动信号调制边频带难以识别的问题,提出一种基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的阶比分析方法.该方法先采用基于多尺度线调频基的稀疏信号分解方法对齿轮箱振动信号进行分解,提取齿轮的啮合分量与调制边频分量,由啮合分量的时频分布曲线得到瞬时转频估计,再基于获得的瞬时转频对啮合分量与调制边频分量之和进行等角度重采样,将非平稳的分量信号转化为平稳信号,对重采样后的信号进行阶比分析,诊断齿轮故障.与传统的直接对齿轮箱故障振动信号进行阶比分析的方法比较,结果表明,提出的基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的阶比分析方法抗噪性强,调制边频带识别效果好.仿真算例与应用实例验证了本方法的有效性.     

基于自适应时变滤波阶比跟踪的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对多输入多输出齿轮箱传动系统和齿轮箱集群的振动信号中各啮合频率阶次相互干扰,从而导致故障诊断困难的问题,研究提出一种基于自适应时变滤波阶比跟踪的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。该方法利用基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解提取各对传动齿轮的啮合频率,以各啮合频率为中心频率,对应转频的倍频为滤波带宽分别设计自适应时变滤波器对信号进行滤波,逐个提取振动信号中的啮合频率调制分量,再分别对提取的啮合频率调制分量单独进行阶比分析,有效地抑制其他无关联轴上齿轮啮合振动信号和其他非阶比噪声信号对阶比谱的影响,较好地解决阶比信号相互干扰的问题,提高阶比谱的调制识别效果,为多输入多输出齿轮箱系统和齿轮箱集群的故障诊断提供一条有效途径。仿真算例和应用实例说明方法的有效性。     

基于LMD和阶次跟踪分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障振动信号具有多分量调制以及故障特征频率受到转频调制的特点,从而导致故障特征提取困难。对此,将局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)与阶次跟踪分析相结合,提出了一种变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,采用阶次跟踪采样将时域滚动轴承故障振动信号转换到角域;然后,对角域信号进行LMD分解得到若干个乘积函数(product function,简称PF)分量;最后,对各个PF分量的瞬时幅值进行频谱分析,判断滚动轴承的故障部位和类型。通过对滚动轴承实验故障振动信号的分析,结果表明该方法能有效地应用于变转速工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断。     

Adaptive combined HOEO based fault feature extraction method for rolling element bearing under variable speed condition

It is still a challenge for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for rolling element bearings working under variable speed, while some conventional diagnostic methods are useless. Order tracking is commonly used as an effective tool of the non-stationary vibration analysis for rotating machinery and tacho-less order tracking may be more applicable for practical situations, while the key point is to obtain more accurate instantaneous rotating speed. What’s more, the collected bearing fault vibration signals always contain strong background noise that greatly affects the result of fault feature extraction. To solve these problems, a fault feature extraction method is proposed in this study. The Chirplet-based approach was used to estimate some obvious harmonics of instantaneous rotating speed and the average value of these components was regarded as the final instantaneous rotating speed to reduce the estimation error. Since the higher order energy operator (HOEO) can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-interference ratio, but is also easily applied, an adaptive combined HOEO method based on hybrid particle swarm optimizer with sine cosine acceleration coefficients (H-PSO-SCAC) was constructed to enhance the impulse components, and then, the fault features were extracted by the order spectrum analysis. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective for rolling element bearings’ fault diagnosis under variable speed condition.     

基于LCD的自适应小波脊线解调及齿轮故障诊断

针对最佳小波参数的设定和齿轮裂纹故障振动信号频率成分复杂、信噪比低等问题,将遗传优化算法、小波脊线解调与局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,简称LCD)相结合,提出了基于LCD的自适应小波脊线解调方法。首先,采用LCD方法将原始信号分解为若干个内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale component,简称ISC),并通过选择蕴含特征信息的ISC来实现信号降噪;然后,以小波能量熵为目标函数,采用遗传算法优化小波参数,得到自适应小波;最后,通过自适应小波分析提取ISC的小波脊线,从而实现对原始信号的解调分析。通过齿轮裂纹故障诊断实例验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于CEEMDAN与自适应阈值降噪的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障信息受到噪声污染而难以识别的问题,提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解和自适应阈值降噪(CEEMDAN-ATD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先对原始振动信号进行CEEMDAN分解;其次利用灰色关联分析法(GRA)筛选出噪声主导和信号主导的分量;然后对噪声主导分量分别进行自适应阈值降噪(ATD)处理,并与信号主导分量进行重构;最后通过分析重构信号的Teager能量谱实现滚动轴承故障的识别。采用凯斯西储大学轴承数据对所提方法进行验证,并与完全总体经验模态分解-自适应阈值降噪(CEEMD-ATD)和CEEMDAN-小波阈值降噪(CEEMDAN-WTD)2种方法作比较,结果表明,所提方法表现出较好的自适应性和去噪效果,能够较好地服务于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

基于局域均值分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

论述了一种新的自适应时频分析方法--局域均值分解的基本原理和算法,并将该方法引入到滚动轴承故障诊断中,提出了一种基于局域均值分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法, 该方法先将一个故障信号自适应地分解成若干个具有一定物理意义的生产函数分量,然后求出每个PF分量的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,从而获得故障信号的特征信息.试验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum

In vibration analysis, weak fault feature extraction under strong background noise is of great importance. A method based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum analysis is proposed. Cyclic Wiener filter exploits the spectral coherence theory induced by the second-order cyclostationary signal. The original signal is duplicated and shifted in the frequency domain by amounts corresponding to the cyclic frequencies. The noise component is optimally filtered by a filter-bank. The filtered signal is analyzed by performing envelope spectrum. In the envelope spectrum, characteristic frequencies are quite clear. Then the most impactive part is effectively extracted for further fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on both simulated signal and actual data from rolling bearing accelerated life test.     

Fault diagnosis system for series compensated transmission line based on wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

This paper proposes a new fault diagnosis approach based on combined wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for fault section identification, classification and location in a series compensated transmission line. It performs an effective feature extraction approach based on norm entropy in order to obtain the features represented main frequency, harmonic and transient characteristics of the fault signals. The proposed method uses the samples of fault voltages and currents for one cycle duration from the inception of fault. The feasibility of the proposed method has been tested on a 400 kV, 300 km series compensated transmission line for all the ten types of faults using MATLAB/Simulink for a large data set of 23,436 fault cases comprising of all the 10 types of faults. Fault signals varying with fault resistance, fault inception angle, fault distance, load angle, percentage compensation level and source impedance are applied to the proposed algorithm. The results also indicate that the proposed method is robust to wide variation in system conditions and has higher fault diagnosis accuracy with regard to the other approaches in the literature for this problem.     

高速列车转向架区气动噪声分离研究

提出了一种基于快速路径优化的自适应短时傅里叶变换时频分析方法,并将该方法用于行星齿轮箱的故障诊断。该时频分析方法通过使用快速路径优化获得瞬时频率变化规律,在短时傅里叶变换过程中自适应的改变时窗长度,从而获得更恰当的时频分辨率。针对行星齿轮箱运行状态不稳定的特点,通过使用笔者提出的时频分析方法可以有效地提取出行星齿轮箱的转速信息,利用参考转速对故障信号角度域重采样和阶次分析,从而实现变转速情况下的行星齿轮箱故障诊断。仿真分析表明,与传统短时傅里叶变换相比基于快速路径优化的自适应短时傅里叶变换得到的时频分布能量更加集中;试验分析证明了基于快速路径优化的自适应短时傅里叶变换方法在行星齿轮箱故障诊断中的有效性。     

IMPROVED METHOD FOR HILBERT INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

In the mechanical fault detection and diagnosis field, it is more and more important to analyze the instantaneous frequency (IF) character of complex vibration signal. The improved IF estimation method is put forward aiming at the shortage of traditional Hilbert transform. It is based on Hilbert transform in wavelet domain. With the help of relationship between the real part and the imaginary part obtained from the complex coefficient of continuous wavelet transform or the analytical signal reconstructed in wavelet packet decomposition, the instantaneous phase function of the subcomponent is extracted. In order to improve the precise of IF estimated out, some means such as Linear regression, adaptive filtering, resampling are applied into the instantaneous phase obtained, then, the central differencing operator is used to get desired IF. Simulation results with synthetic and gearbox fault signals are included to illustrate the proposed method.     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。