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乳脂肪球膜(milk fat globule membrane,MFGM)是包裹在天然乳脂肪球外部的3 层膜状结构,然而牛乳基和大豆基婴儿配方奶粉缺少MFGM,脂肪球结构与母乳存在较大差异,因此添加外源MFGM以及制备与母乳脂肪球结构接近的婴儿配方奶粉成为了近期的研究焦点。本文综述了MFGM的相关特性和生产开发途径,以及牛乳MFGM在仿母乳脂肪球结构乳液和婴儿配方奶粉中的应用。体外模拟婴儿胃肠道消化实验以及啮齿动物体内实验结果表明,仿母乳脂肪球结构乳液和婴儿配方奶粉能够促进婴儿脂肪消化并且改善脂质代谢过程。 相似文献
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中国食品科学技术学会 《中国食品学报》2022,22(4):471-476
目的:富含乳脂肪球膜的乳清蛋白粉是婴幼儿配方乳粉的配料之一。有关专家在综合分析乳脂肪球膜对婴幼儿营养健康作用的研究文献基础上,形成《乳脂肪球膜及其配料的科学共识》。方法:组织科技界和产业界的相关专家,通过文献检索分析与研讨的形式开展研究。结果:乳脂肪球膜是包裹在乳脂肪液滴表面,由极性脂质、胆固醇和蛋白质等组成的复杂的3层磷脂蛋白膜,而鞘磷脂和神经节苷脂为乳脂肪球膜配料的特征性指标,其安全性和耐受性在临床试验中得到证实。现有研究表明在婴幼儿配方乳粉中添加“富含乳脂肪球膜的乳清蛋白粉”,可促进婴儿大脑认知发育,增强婴儿免疫力。目前乳脂肪球膜原料生产企业尚无统一的质量标准体系,乳脂肪球膜相关配料的组分复杂,且因获得方法不同而存有较大差异。对原料和终产品的检测方法,特别是对膜蛋白的检测方法尚不成熟,应加强乳脂肪球膜配料及主要特征成分检测方法、产品质量控制、营养功能与临床研究。政府有关部门、食品科技界及产业界也应加强对乳脂肪球膜及其配料的认知,助推我国婴幼儿配方食品产业健康发展。 相似文献
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乳脂肪以脂肪球的形式存在,乳脂肪球膜是包裹在乳脂肪球周围的三层生物薄膜,具有很高的营养价值。随着食品科学研究的深入和分离技术的发展,乳脂肪球膜中的活性成分及其功能作用正在逐渐被揭示。乳脂肪球膜是含有蛋白质、磷脂、鞘脂、神经节苷脂、胆碱、唾液酸和胆固醇的混合物,这些成分是具有重要功能的食品成分,应用于配方食品生产。本文综述了乳脂肪球膜中常见的蛋白质、脂质及其生物活性,综述了近年来乳脂肪球膜及其成分在改善肠道健康、改善大脑发育、改善肥胖及相关并发症、改善老年人虚弱、抗癌、抗氧化和缓解疲劳等方面的体内研究和临床研究进展,并讨论了其可能的作用机制,以期为乳脂肪球膜配料的研发及其在配方食品中的应用提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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人乳脂肪是最复杂的天然脂质混合物之一,具有独特的脂肪酸组成、分布和许多复杂脂质。乳脂肪几乎提供着新生婴儿所需的一半能量,同时还会影响婴儿日后的代谢方式和整体发育。因此,随着对母乳脂肪及婴儿生长需求研究的深入,以母乳脂质组成为模板,对婴儿配方乳粉脂质进行母乳化模拟,可以缩小母乳与婴儿配方乳粉喂养婴儿之间的差异。目前,婴儿配方乳粉脂质母乳化主要集中在脂肪酸组成模拟、sn-2棕榈酸结构脂的应用以及乳脂肪球膜成分的添加方面。另外,利用乳脂肪球膜包裹脂滴实现脂肪球结构模拟的相关研究也在逐步开展。本文着重对这几个方面的研究进展进行总结,在关注婴儿营养需求的同时,为婴儿配方乳粉的研发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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将黄油加工副产物酪乳作为分离乳脂肪球膜原料,优化分离条件,提高非膜蛋白去除率,以提高乳脂肪球膜纯度。采用切向流膜分离技术,探究原料预处理方式、洗滤次数、过膜压力、分离温度和料液pH等工艺参数,以膜通量、膜蛋白保留率和非膜蛋白去除率为评价指标。结果表明,添加2%(W/V)柠檬酸钠预处理原料酪乳,膜分离条件为:洗滤5次,过膜压力0.6 bar,料液温度31℃,料液pH 6。此条件下非膜蛋白去除率达79.07%,制成的乳脂肪球膜富集物中膜蛋白占总蛋白比例为41.81%,极性脂质占总固形物含量1.54%,较市售MFGM分别提高8.79%和0.68%。 相似文献
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Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
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R. B. Sashidhar Y. Ramakrishna Ramesh V. Bhat 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1992,28(4):257-260
Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low. 相似文献
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目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50%和8.22%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02%、1.11%和0.87%.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33%,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00%,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11%.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管. 相似文献